Historical Personography
This page lists historical people born before 1700 and tagged in MoEML content.
Click on a person’s name to see where they are mentioned. Click on the links in the
Related Resourcescolumn for more biographical information. Whenever possible, we provide a link to the ODNB entry. For mayors and sheriffs, we are particularly indebted to Anne Lancashire’s Mayors and Sheriffs of London project. If neither project has information about a person, we provide a link to the British Book Trade Index, British History Online, Encyclopedia Britannica, History of Parliament Online, Oxford Reference, Records of London’s Livery Companies Online, or Wikipedia.
References
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Citation
Bannerman, William Bruce, ed. The registers of St. Mildred, Bread Street, and of St. Margaret Moses, Friday Street, London. London: 1912. Remediated by Internet Archive.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Brooke, Christopher N. L. London 800–1216: The Shaping of a City. Berkeley and Los Angeles: U of California P, 1975. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Executions.
The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6, edited by , U of Victoria, 30 Jun. 2021, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/EXEC1.htm. -
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Drummond, Charles. Tales, Traditions and Antiquities of Leith. Edinburgh: 1865.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Dutton, Richard. Jacobean Civic Pageants. Edinburgh: Edinburgh UP, 1996. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Hill, Tracey. Pageantry and Power: A cultural history of the early modern Lord Mayor’s Show 1585–1639. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2013. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Keepe, Henry. Monumenta Westmonasteriensia, Or an Historical Account of the Original, Increase, and Present State of St. Peter’s Or the Abby Church of Westminster. London: 1683.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Merritt, J.F., ed. Imagining Early Modern London: Perceptions and Portrayals of the City from Stow to Strype, 1598–1720. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2001.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Page, William, ed. London Within the Bars, Westminster, and Southwark. Vol. 1 of A History of the County of London. London: Victoria Country History, 1909. Remediated by British History Online.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Plomer, Henry Robert. A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667. London: Blades, East and Blades, 1907. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Stow, John. THE SVRVAY of LONDON: Containing, The Originall, Antiquitie, Encreaſe, and more Moderne Eſtate of the ſayd Famous CITIE. As alſo,the Rule and Gouernment thereof (both Eccleſiasticall and Temporall) from time to time. With a briefe Relation of all the memorable Monuments, and other eſpeciall Obſeruations, both in and about the fame CITIE. Written in the yeere 1598. by Iohn Stow, Citizen of LONDON. Since then, continued, corrected and much enlarged, with many rare and worthy Notes, both of Venerable Antiquity, and later memori; ſuch, as were neither publiſhed before this preſent yeere, 1618. London: George Purslowe, 1618. U of Victoria Copy. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Taylor, Gary, and John Lavagnino, eds. Thomas Middleton and Early Modern Textual Culture: A Companion to the Collected Works. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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The Carriers’ Cosmography.
The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6, edited by , U of Victoria, 30 Jun. 2021, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/CARR1.htm.
Cite this page
MLA citation
Historical Personography.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6, edited by , U of Victoria, 30 Jun. 2021, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/historical_personography.htm.
Chicago citation
Historical Personography.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 6.6. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed June 30, 2021. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/historical_personography.htm.
APA citation
2021. Historical Personography. In (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 6.6). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/6.6/historical_personography.htm.
RIS file (for RefMan, RefWorks, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Historical Personography T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 6.6 PY - 2021 DA - 2021/06/30 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/historical_personography.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/xml/standalone/historical_personography.xml ER -
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"> <title level="a">Historical Personography</title>. <title level="m">The
Map of Early Modern London</title>, Edition <edition>6.6</edition>, edited by <editor><name
ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename> <surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>,
<publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date when="2021-06-30">30 Jun. 2021</date>,
<ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/historical_personography.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/historical_personography.htm</ref>.</bibl>
Personography
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Joey Takeda
JT
Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.Roles played in the project
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Contributions by this author
Joey Takeda is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Joey Takeda is mentioned in the following documents:
Joey Takeda authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print.
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Tye Landels-Gruenewald
TLG
Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.Roles played in the project
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Contributions by this author
Tye Landels-Gruenewald is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Tye Landels-Gruenewald is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cameron Butt
CB
Research Assistant, 2012–2013. Cameron Butt completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2013. He minored in French and has a keen interest in Shakespeare, film, media studies, popular culture, and the geohumanities.Roles played in the project
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Contributions by this author
Cameron Butt is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Cameron Butt is mentioned in the following documents:
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Kim McLean-Fiander
KMF
Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–present. Associate Project Director, 2015–present. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.Roles played in the project
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Contributions by this author
Kim McLean-Fiander is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Kim McLean-Fiander is mentioned in the following documents:
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Janelle Jenstad
JJ
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).Roles played in the project
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Contributions by this author
Janelle Jenstad is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Janelle Jenstad is mentioned in the following documents:
Janelle Jenstad authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Jenstad, Janelle and Joseph Takeda.
Making the RA Matter: Pedagogy, Interface, and Practices.
Making Things and Drawing Boundaries: Experiments in the Digital Humanities. Ed. Jentery Sayers. Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 2018. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
: Early Evidence for Specialisation. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/. -
Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. U of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/MV/.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Martin D. Holmes
MDH
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
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Martin D. Holmes is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Martin D. Holmes is mentioned in the following documents:
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Locations
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St. Botolph (Aldersgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Leonard (Foster Lane) is mentioned in the following documents:
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London Bridge
As the only bridge in London crossing the Thames until 1729, London Bridge was a focal point of the city. After its conversion from wood to stone, completed in 1209, the bridge housed a variety of structures, including a chapel and a growing number of shops. The bridge was famous for the cityʼs grisly practice of displaying traitorsʼ heads on poles above its gatehouses. Despite burning down multiple times, London Bridge was one of the few structures not entirely destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.London Bridge is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John Zachary is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin’s le Grand is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Anne and St. Agnes is mentioned in the following documents:
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London is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Christopher le Stocks
St. Christopher le Stocks was originally built on Threadneedle Street on the banks of Walbrook before 1225, andwas dedicated to the patron saint of watermen
(Weinreb and Hibbert 751). The church has been known by many names, which includeSt. Christopher upon Cornhull,
St. Christopher in Bradestrete,
andSt. Christopher near le Shambles
(Harben; BHO). Since the 14th century, the church has been known as some variant of St. Christopher le Stocks, which derives from its proximity to the Stocks Market. The church is not labelled, but is identifiable, on the Agas map.St. Christopher le Stocks is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holy Trinity Priory
Holy Trinity Priory, located west of Aldgate and north of Leadenhall Street, was an Augustinian Priory. Stow notes that Queen Matilda established the Priory in 1108in the parishes of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the holy Trinitie
(Stow). Before Matilda united these parishes under the name Holy Trinity Priory, they were collectively known as the Holy Cross or Holy Roode parish (Stow; Harben).Holy Trinity Priory is mentioned in the following documents:
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Crossed Friars
One of the smallest London friaries, Crossed Friars (also known as Crouched Friars or Crutched Friars) housed the Bretheren of the Holy Cross. Despite John Stow’s assertion that the friary was founded in 1298 (Stow 1:147), it is first mentioned by Henry III in 1269, which suggests that Raph Hosiar and William Sabernes gave their founding bequest some time in that decade. Over the next three (or possibly four) centuries, the friars added a dozen more tenaments to the precinct. By the early fourteenth century, the friary occupied over two acres of land south of Hart Street (later dubbed Crutched Friars) that ran along the west side of Woodroffe Lane to Tower Hill. Compared to friaries such as Blackfriars and Greyfriars, Crossed Friars was humble, and the friars’ plan to expand their church was interrupted in 1538 by the Dissolution of the Monasteries (Holder 142–159).Crossed Friars is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mercers’ Hall
The hall of the Mercers’ Company was located on the north side of Cheapside Street by the Great Conduit.Mercers’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Botolph without Bishopsgate
St. Botolph without Bishopsgate stood on the west side of Bishopsgate Street north of Bishopsgate. It was in Bishopsgate Ward. St. Botolph without Bishopsgate is featured on the Agas map, south of Bethlehem Hospital and west of Houndsditch Street. It is labelledS. Buttolphes.
St. Botolph without Bishopsgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Peter, Westcheap is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fenchurch Street
Fenchurch Street (often called Fennieabout) ran east-west from the pump on Aldgate High Street to Gracechurch Street in Langbourne Ward, crossing Mark Lane, Mincing Lane, and Rodd Lane along the way. Fenchurch Street was home to several famous landmarks, including the King’s Head Tavern, where the then-Princess Elizabeth is said to have partaken inpork and peas
after her sister, Mary I, released her from the Tower of London in May of 1554 (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 288). Fenchurch Street was on the royal processional route through the city, toured by monarchs on the day before their coronations.Fenchurch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Green Gate
The Green Gate was a house on the south side of Leadenhall Street, east of Leadenhall in Lime Street Ward. Stow’s interest went beyond the building itself and its location; he was confounded by the misdemeanours that occurred within it. The Green Gate was the site of not one but two robberies.The Green Gate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Austin Friars
Austin Friars was a church on the west side of Broad Street in Broad Street Ward. It was formerly part of the Priory of Augustine Friars, established in 1253. At the dissolution of the monastery in 1539,the West end [of the church] thereof inclosed from the steeple, and Quier, was in the yeare 1550. graunted to the Dutch Nation in London [by Edward VI], to be their preaching place
(Stow). TheQuier and side Isles to the Quier adioyning, he reserued to housholde vses, as for stowage of corne, coale, and other things
(Stow). The church, completely rebuilt in the nineteenth century and then again mid-way through the twentieth century, still belongs to Dutch Protestants to this day.Austin Friars is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Helen’s (Bishopsgate)
St. Helen’s was a priory of Benedictine nuns located in Bishopsgate Ward between St. Mary Axe Street and Bishopsgate Street. St. Helen’s is visible on the Agas map with the labelS. Elen
written in the churchyard. Stow and Harben inform us that the priory was set up in 1212 by William Basing, the dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral (Stow; Harben).St. Helen’s (Bishopsgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin Outwich is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Anthony’s Hospital
St. Anthony’s Hospital was associated with the parish of St. Benet Fink and was on the opposite side of Threadneedle Street from the church of the parish, St. Benet Fink. According to Stow, Henry III granted the construction of a synagogue in this space. The building was constructed for that purpose in 1231, but, as Stow writes,the christians obtayned of the king that it should be dedicated to our blessed Lady, and since an Hospital being there builded, was called S. Anthonies in London
(Stow 1598, sig. K8v). The hospital consisted of a church, almsnouse, and school.St. Anthony’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Nicholas Cole Abbey is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Cathedral
St. Paul’s Cathedral was—and remains—an important church in London. In 962, while London was occupied by the Danes, St. Paul’s monastery was burnt and raised anew. The church survived the Norman conquest of 1066, but in 1087 it was burnt again. An ambitious Bishop named Maurice took the opportunity to build a new St. Paul’s, even petitioning the king to offer a piece of land belonging to one of his castles (Times 115). The building Maurice initiated would become the cathedral of St. Paul’s which survived until the Great Fire of London.St. Paul’s Cathedral is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Clement, Eastcheap is mentioned in the following documents:
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Charterhouse (Residence)
The London Charterhouse refers to a series of buildings located at the north-east end of Charterhouse Lane to the west of Aldersgate Street near Smithfield. Throughout the early modern period, the Charterhouse served many functions: prior to the Reformation, it was a Carthusian monastery; however, after the execution of Prior Houghton and other Carthusian martyrs in the mid-sixteenth century, the monastery was dissolved and the Charterhouse became a well known private residence and, later, the site of a hospital, school, and pensioners’ home. Today, the Charterhouse is used as a home for elderly pensioners, hosting about forty men.Charterhouse (Residence) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Baynard’s Castle
Located on the banks of the Thames, Baynard’s Castle was built sometime in the late eleventh centuryby Baynard, a Norman who came over with William the Conqueror
(Weinreb and Hibbert 129). The castle passed to Baynard’s heirs until one William Baynard,who by forfeyture for fellonie, lost his Baronie of little Dunmow
(Stow 1:61). From the time it was built, Baynard’s Castle wasthe headquarters of London’s army until the reign of Edward I
when it washanded over to the Dominican Friars, the Blackfriars whose name is still commemorated along that part of the waterfront
(Hibbert 10).Baynard’s Castle is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bartholomew by the Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Hill
Tower Hill was a large area of open ground north and west of the Tower of London. It is most famous as a place of execution; there was a permanent scaffold and gallows on the hillfor the execution of such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of London
(Stow).Tower Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey was a historically significant church, located on the bottom-left corner of the Agas map. Colloquially known asPoets’ Corner,
it is the final resting place of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, and many other notable authors; in 1740, a monument for William Shakespeare was erected in Westminster Abbey (ShaLT).Westminster Abbey is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Swithin (London Stone) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Augustine Papey
St Augustine Papey was a church on the south side of the city wall and opposite the north end of St. Mary Axe Street. The church dated from the twelfth century and in 1442 a fraternity of brothers was installed (Harben). The church and brotherhood were suppressed during the Reformation and Stow tells us the church was pulled down and houses built on the site (Stow).St. Augustine Papey is mentioned in the following documents:
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All Hallows Barking
The church of All Hallows Barking is in Tower Street Ward on the southeast corner of Seething Lane and on the north side of Tower Street. Stow describes it as afayre parish Church.
All Hallows Barking is mentioned in the following documents:
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Crosby Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hare House
According to Walter George Bell, Hare House was a property in Ram Alley left by John Bowser and Humphrey Street in 1584upon trust for 1,000 years, that every Sunday thirteen pennyworth of bread should be given to thirteen poor people of the parish after service in St. Dunstan’s church
(Bell 296).Hare House is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Peter upon Cornhill
St. Peter upon Cornhill stood at the highest point of the city in the south east of Cornhill Ward. According to a tablet preserved within the church, St. Peter upon Cornhill was founded by King Lucius and was the first Christian church in London (Noorthouk 606). This information was questioned by Stow, who admitted that he knowsnot by what authority
(Stow 1:194) the tablet was written.St. Peter upon Cornhill is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Red Lion
For information about the Red Lion, a modern map marking the site where the it once stood, and a walking tour that will take you to the site, visit the Shakespearean London Theatres (ShaLT) article on the Red Lion.The Red Lion is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Benet Fink is mentioned in the following documents:
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Drapers’ Hall
Draper’s Hall was a livery company hall on the north side of Throgmorton Street in Broad Street Ward. On the Agas map, Drapers’ Hall appears as a large house with three round towers, thus resembling the architecture of Hampton Court Palace and some of the college gates at Oxford and Cambridge Universities. Stow records that the hall was built by Sir Thomas Cromwell for his own use as a house. The Drapers bought the house from Henry VIII in 1543, the house having passed into the monarch’s possession after Cromwell’s execution in 1540.Drapers’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Katherine Cree
Not to be confused with St. Katherine Church, St. Katherine Cree was an old parish church in Aldgate Ward located on the north side of Leadenhall Street between Aldgate and St. Mary Axe. Stow reports that the church was so old that one had to descend seven steps to enter it. He also adds that the church’s steeple and bell tower, built in 1504, were the most recent additions (Stow). St. Katherine Cree is also known by the names St. Katherine and the Blessed Trinity and St. Katherine Christ Church. The Church is drawn on the Agas map on the north side of Leadenhall Street, south of Holy Trinity Priory and east of the well in Aldgate Street. It has no label accompanying it.St. Katherine Cree is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Foster is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Spital
St. Mary Spital was an Augustinian Priory and Hospital on the east side of Bishopsgate Street. The Priory dates from 1197. The old precinct of St. Mary Spital is visible on the Agas map. The church itself was demolished after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. By the time the Agas map was drawn, many of the priory buildings had been removed and the area appears sparse.St. Mary Spital is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Theatre
For information about the The Theatre, a modern map marking the site where the it once stood, and a walking tour that will take you to the site, visit the Shakespearean London Theatres (ShaLT) article on The Theatre.The Theatre is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Curtain
In 1577, the Curtain, a second purpose-built London playhouse arose in Shoreditch, just north of the City of London. The Curtain, a polygonal amphitheatre, became a major venue for theatrical and other entertainments until at least 1622 and perhaps as late as 1698. Most major playing companies, including the Lord Chamberlain’s Men, the Queen’s Men, and Prince Charles’s Men, played there. It is the likely site for the premiere of Shakespeare’s plays Romeo and Juliet and Henry V.The Curtain is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gray’s Inn
Gray’s Inn was one of the four Inns of Court.Gray’s Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Wrestlers (Lime Street Ward)
The Wrestlers was a house in Bishopsgate Ward located on the north side of Camomile Street, near the city wall and Bishopsgate (Stow). The house predates the Wrestlers Court located on the opposite (south) side of Camomile Street. Wrestlers Court was named after the house, which was later renamed Clark’s CourtThe Wrestlers (Lime Street Ward) is mentioned in the following documents:
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London Stone
London Stone was, literally, a stone that stood on the south side of what is now Cannon Street (formerly Candlewick Street). Probably Roman in origin, it is one of London’s oldest relics. On the Agas map, it is visible as a small rectangle between Saint Swithin’s Lane and Walbrook Street, just below thend
consonant cluster in the labelLondonſton.
London Stone is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fisher’s Folly
Fisher’s Folly was a large house on the east side of Bishopsgate Street, within the boundary of Bishopsgate Ward and a few houses away from the Dolphin Inn. Fisher’s Folly is not marked on the Agas map. By 1620, the house was occupied by the Earls of Devonshire and was renamedDevonshire House
(Harben 196).Fisher’s Folly is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Taylors’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Abbey of St. Mary Graces
The Abbey of St. Mary Graces is a chapel built in around 1350 within the Holy Trinity Churchyard and later a large monastery controlled by the Cistercian order (Harben). The abbey was built within the aforementioned churchyard, east of Little Tower Hill and south of Hog Lane (East Smithfield).Abbey of St. Mary Graces is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Andrew Undershaft
St. Andrew Undershaft stands at the southeast corner of St. Mary Axe Street in Aldgate Ward.The church of St. Andrew Undershaft is the final resting place of John Stow.St. Andrew Undershaft is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Michael Bassishaw is mentioned in the following documents:
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Whitefriars Theatre
One of the lesser known halls or private playhouses of Renaissance London, the Whitefriars, was home to two different boy playing companies, each of which operated under several different names. Whitefriars produced many famous boy actors, some of whom later went on to greater fame in adult companies. At the Whitefriars playhouse in 1607–1608, the Children of the King’s Revels catered to a homogenous audience with a particular taste for homoerotic puns and situations, which resulted in a small but significant body of plays that are markedly different from those written for the amphitheatres and even for other hall playhouses.Whitefriars Theatre is mentioned in the following documents:
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All Hallows (London Wall)
All Hallows, London Wall is a church built east of Bishopsgate, near or on the City Wall. The church is visible on the Agas map northwest of Broad Street and up against the south side of the City Wall. The labelAll Haloues in y Wall
is west of the church. In his description of Broad Street Ward, Stow notes only the location of the church and the three distinguished people interred therein by 1601.All Hallows (London Wall) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VII’s Chapel
One of the most opulent sites in early modern London, Henry VII’s Chapel still stands in the eastern wing of Westminster Abbey. The structure was initially intended to monumentalize Henry VI, who was never actually canonized (Condon 60). The Henry VII Lady Chapel is the resting place of Henry VII himself and his wife, Elizabeth of York. Additionally, it houses the tombs of Anne of Cleves; Edward VI; Mary I; Elizabeth I; Mary, Queen of Scots; Anne of Denmark; James VI and I; and other key figures of the English Royalty (Weinreb 1007).Henry VII’s Chapel is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackfriars Monastery is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cripplegate
Cripplegate was one of the original gates in the city wall (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 221; Harben). It was the northern gate of a large fortress that occupied the northwestern corner of the Roman city.Cripplegate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Christ’s Hospital
Located in Farringdon Within Ward, Christ’s Hospital was a opened in 1552 as a home for London’s needy children. Inspired by the preaching of Dr. Nicholas Ridley, Edward VI decided to charter the hospital days before his death in 1553 (Manzione 33). Although it began as a hospital, Christ’s Hospital eventually became known for its respected school (Pearce 206).Christ’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackfriars Theatre
The history of the two Blackfriars theatres is long and fraught with legal and political struggles. The story begins in 1276, when King Edward I gave to the Dominican order five acres of land.Blackfriars Theatre is mentioned in the following documents:
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Finch Lane
Finch Lane (labelledFinke la.
on the Agas map) was a small north-south lane that ran between Threadneedle Street and Cornhill. The north half of the lane was in Broadstreet Ward and the latter half was in Cornhill Ward. It is likely that the lane is named after Robert Finke and his family (son Robert Finke and relatives James and Rosamund).Finch Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bethlehem Hospital
Although its name evokes the pandemonium of the archetypal madhouse, Bethlehem (Bethlem, Bedlam) Hospital was not always an asylum. As Stow tells us, Saint Mary of Bethlehem began as aPriorie of Cannons with brethren and sisters,
founded in 1247 by Simon Fitzmary,one of the Sheriffes of London
(Stow 1:164). We know from Stow’s Survey that the hospital, part of Bishopsgate ward (without), resided on the west side of Bishopsgate Street, just north of St. Botolph without Bishopsgate (Stow 1:165).Bethlehem Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Katherine’s Hospital
St. Katherine’s Hospital was a religious hospital founded in 1148. According to Stow, the hospital was founded by Queen Matilda. The hospital, the grounds of which contained a church, gardens, orchards, and residences, was at the southern end of St. Katherine’s Lane and north of the St. Katherine Steps, all of which is east of the Tower of London. Stow praised the choir of the hospital, noting how itwas not much inferior to that of [St.] Paules [Cathedral]
(Stow).St. Katherine’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Thomas Hospital
Accoridng to Stow, St. Thomas Hospital was founded as a church and almshouse in 1213 by Richard Dunton. It was located in Southwark, and Stow writes that it wasagainst the wall
of St. Saviour (Southwark), though is not labelled on the Agas Map. The religious hospital was dissolved in 1538 and then granted to the City of London in 1552. It thereafter functioned as aworkehouse for the poore and idle persons of the citie
(Stow 1598, sig. Z2v). Through this transition, Stow continues, the siteremaineth now as it was before, a parish church.
St. Thomas Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ironmongers’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Guildhall is mentioned in the following documents:
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All Hallows (Bread Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John the Baptist (Walbrook) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Laurence (Jewry) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Alban (Wood Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Michael (Crooked Lane) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary at Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Magnus
The church of St. Magnus the Martyr, believed to be founded some time in the 11th century, was on the south side of Thames Street just north of London Bridge. According to Stow, in its churchyardhaue béene buried many men of good worſhip, whoſe monumentes are now for the moſt part vtterly defaced,
including John Michell, mayor of London in the first part of the 15th century (Stow 1598, sig. M4r). The church was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1666, and rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren (Wikipedia).St. Magnus is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Leonard (Eastcheap) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Olave (Old Jewry)
St. Olave, Old Jewry was a church located on the west side of Old Jewry in Coleman Street Ward close to its boundary with Cheap Ward (Harben). The 1520 map erroneously locates the church on the east side of Old Jewry (A Map of Tudor London, 1520). It is labelledSt Olave, Jewry
on Carlin and Belcher’s 1270 map of London (Carlin and Belcher) andSt Olave
on the 1520 map (A Map of Tudor London, 1520).St. Olave (Old Jewry) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Pancras (Soper Lane) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Conduit (Cornhill)
Not labelled on the Agas map, the Conduit upon Cornhill is thought to have been located in the middle of Cornhill Ward andopposite the north end of Change Alley and the eastern side of the Royal Exchange
(Harben 167; BHO). Formerly a prison, it was built to bring fresh water from Tyburn to Cornhill.Conduit (Cornhill) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Aldermary is mentioned in the following documents:
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Greyfriars
Enduring for over three centuries, longer than any other London friary, Greyfriars garnered support from both England’s landed elite and common Londoners. Founded in 1225 on a tenament donated by London Mercer John Iwyn, Greyfriars housed London’s Franciscan Friars (known in England as the Grey Friars). The friary expanded from its original pittance of land on the west side of Stinking Lane to over four-and-a-half acres by 1354. With the patronage of Queens Margaret, Isabella, and Philippa throughout the fourteenth century, the Franciscans constructed a formidable church, London’s third largest after St. Paul’s and Westminster Abbey. After the friary’s closure in 1538 pursuant to the Dissolution of the Monasteries, the church became the centre of the newly established Christ Church parish, and the cloisters housed Christ’s Hospital (Holder 66–96).Greyfriars is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bassinghall Ward
Bassinghall Ward is west of Coleman Street Ward. The ward and its main street Basinghall Street are named after Basing Hall (Stow 1633, sig. 2C5r).Bassinghall Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Laurence Poultney is mentioned in the following documents:
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King’s Wardrobe
The King’s Wardrobe, built in the 14th century between St. Andrew’s Hill and Addle Hill near Blackfriars Precinct, was originally a repository for royal clothing, but later housed offices of the royal household and became a key seat of government (Sugden 557). Stow explains its significance:In this houſe of late yeares, is lodged Sir Iohn Forteſcue, knight, Maiſter of the Wardrobe, Chancellor and vnder Treaſu
rer of the Exchequer, and one of her Maieſties Priuy Councel. The ſecret letters & writings touching the eſtate of the realme, were wont to be introlled in the kings Wardrobe, and not in the Chauncery, as appeareth by the Records. (Stow 1598, sig. U6r)King’s Wardrobe is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bartolomew’s Priory
A priory of Augustinian canons once encompassing St. Bartholomew the Great, St. Bartholomew the Less, and St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. Dissolved by Henry VIII.St. Bartolomew’s Priory is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Giles (Cripplegate)
For information about St. Giles, Cripplegate, a modern map marking the site where the it once stood, and a walking tour that will take you to the site, visit the Shakespearean London Theatres (ShaLT) article on St. Giles, Cripplegate.St. Giles (Cripplegate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Michael (Cornhill)
The parish church of St. Michael, Cornhill is located on the southern side of Cornhill Ward between Birchin Lane and Gracechurch Street. St. Michael, Cornhill was the parish church of John Stow and his family and is the final resting place for Stow’s great-grandparents. Weinreb notes that,the church has a long musical tradition, and is famous for its excellent acoustics
(Weinreb 799-800).St. Michael (Cornhill) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Le Bow is mentioned in the following documents:
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Christ Church is mentioned in the following documents:
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Billingsgate
Billingsgate (Bylynges gate or Belins Gate), a water-gate and harbour located on the north side of the Thames between London Bridge and the Tower of London, was London’s principal dock in Shakespeare’s day. Its age and the origin of its name are uncertain. It was probably built ca. 1000 in response to the rebuilding of London Bridge in the tenth or eleventh century.Billingsgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Stephen (Coleman Street) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Margaret Moses is mentioned in the following documents:
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Farringdon Ward
Farringdon Ward is the name of the larger, single ward predating both Farringdon Within Ward and Farringdon Without Ward. This ward was divided by Parliament in the 17 of Richard II, creating the separate wards of Farringdon Within and Farringdon Without.Farringdon Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Botolph (Billingsgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Benet Sherehog is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mildred (Poultry)
According to Stow, the Parish Church of St. Mildred (Poultry) was built in 1457 on the bank of the Walbrook stream (Stow). The church sat on the corner of Poultry and Walbrook Street. The church was destroyedd in the Great Fire, then rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren, and finally demolished in 1872 (Sugden, Carlin and Belcher).St. Mildred (Poultry) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Royal Exchange
Located in Broad Street Ward and Cornhill Ward, the Royal Exchange was opened in 1570 to make business more convenient for merchants and tradesmen (Harben 512). The construction of the Royal Exchange was largely funded by Sir Thomas Gresham (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 718).Royal Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Gabriel Fenchurch
The church is visible on the Agas map along Fenchurch Street. Before the 16th century, St. Gabriel Fenchurch was known as St. Mary Fenchurch. After being burnt in the Fire, it was not rebuilt (Carlin and Belcher).St. Gabriel Fenchurch is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Stephen (Coleman Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Saviour (Southwark)
St. Saviour (Southwark) dates back at least to 1106. It was originally known by the name St. Mary Overies, with Overies referring to its beingover
the Thames, that is, on its southern bank. After the dissolution of the monasteries, the church was rededicated and renamed St. Saviour (Sugden 335). St. Saviour (Southwark) is visible on the Agas map along New Rents street in Southwark. It is marked with the labelS. Mary Owber.
St. Saviour (Southwark) is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Chapel of St. Mary Magdalen (Guildhall) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Smithfield
Smithfield was an open, grassy area located outside the Wall. Because of its location close to the city centre, Smithfield was used as a site for markets, tournaments, and public executions. From 1123 to 1855, the Bartholomew’s Fair took place at Smithfield (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 842).Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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Whitefriars Church
According to Stow, Whitefriars Church was located on Fleetstreet (Stow 1:310). The church was occupied by the Whitefriars, a Carmelite order, until the closure of the monestaries in 1538.Whitefriars Church is mentioned in the following documents:
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Langbourn Ward
Langbourn Ward is west of Aldgate Ward. According to Stow, the ward is named aftera long borne of ſweete water
which once broke out of the ground in Fenchurch Street, a street running through the middle of Langbourn Ward (Stow 1603). Thelong borne of ſweete water
no longer existed at the time of Stow’s writing (Stow 1603).Langbourn Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Edmund (Lombard Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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All Hallows Staining is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Olave (Hart Street)
The church of St. Olave, Hart Street is found on the south side of Hart Street and the northwest corner of Seething Lane in Tower Street Ward. It has been suggested that the church was founded and built before the Norman conquest of 1066 (Harben). Aside from mentioning the nobility buried in St. Olave’s, Stow is kind enough to describe the church asa proper parrish
(Stow). Samuel Pepys is buried in this church.St. Olave (Hart Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Leadenhall Manor is mentioned in the following documents:
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Northumberland House (Aldersgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Pickering House is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Magdalen (Old Fish Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Rastell’s Stage
John Rastell built London’sfirst purpose-built stage
onproperty fronting on Old Street in Finsbury
(Giles-Watson 172). Although the name of the stage/playhouse, if it had one, is now lost, we find traces of its existence in the legal record.John Rastell’s Stage is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mitre Tavern is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John Zachary (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Peter le Poor
St. Peter le Poor was a parish church on the west side of Broad Street. It is visible on the Agas map south of Austin Friars, bearing the number 24. That it wassometime peraduenture a poore Parish
gave it the namele Poor
(Stow). Its name distinguished it from the other London churches dedicated to St. Peter. Stow mentions thatat this present there be many fayre houses, possessed by rich marchants and other
near the church, suggesting that the parish was no longer impoverished (Stow).St. Peter le Poor is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blanch Appleton
Blanch Appleton was a manor on Fenchurch Street next to St. Katherine Coleman in Aldgate Ward. It is marked on the Agas map asBlanch chapelton.
Stow records that it was a market during the reign of Edward IV, but the market by Stow’s time wasdiscontinued, and therefore forgotten, so as no-thing remaineth for memorie, but the name of Mart Lane
(Stow 1598, sig. I1r). The site was claimed by the Mayor and Commonality of the City in 1637, and its name continued in the 18th-centuryBlanch Appleton Court
(Harben).Blanch Appleton is mentioned in the following documents:
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Abbey of St. Clare
Founded in 1293 by Edmund, earl of Lancaster, the Abbey of St. Clare is also referred to in Stow’s Survey asthe Minories
(Stow 1633, sig. M2v), a name derived from the toponymthe Abbey of the Minoresses of St. Mary of the Order of St. Clare
(Harben 416). It occupied five acres of land. After the Abbey was surrendered to Henry VIII by Dame Elizabeth Salvage, the abbess, the site was occupied by the Parish Church of Holy Trinity, Minories until 1899 (Harben 151).Abbey of St. Clare is mentioned in the following documents:
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Shoe Lane
Shoe Lane, or Shoe Alley as it was sometimes called in the sixteenth century (Ekwall 110), was outside the city wall, in the ward of Faringdon Without. It ran north-south, parallel to the course of the Fleet River. Until 1869, it was the main route between Holborn (Oldborne, in Stow’s spelling) and Fleet Street (Smith 190). At its north end, on the west side, was the church of St. Andrew Holborn.Shoe Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bacon House is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holborn Conduit is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Magdalen (Aldgate)
St. Mary Magdalen (Aldgate), is an old parish church absorbed by Holy Trinity Priory in 1108. According to Stow, the church was begun by Siredus (Stow). It is not to be confused with the chapel of St. Mary Magdalen in the Guildhall, St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street or St. Mary Magdalen, Old Fish Street.St. Mary Magdalen (Aldgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lime Street
Lime Street is a street that ran north-south from Leadenhall Street in the north to Fenchurch Street in the south. It was west of St. Andrew Undershaft and east of Leadenhall. It appears that the street was so named because people made or sold Lime there (Stow). This claim has some historical merit; in the 1150s one Ailnoth the limeburner lived in the area (Harben; BHO).Lime Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Leonard (Shoreditch)
St. Leonard’s church—also known asThe Actors’ church
—is the burial place of many prominent early modern actors. The Burbages (James Burbage and his sons Richard Burbage and Cuthbert Burbage), Richard Cowley, William Sly, and many others are buried there (ShaLT).St. Leonard (Shoreditch) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. George
St. George Church was on Botolph Lane in Billingsgate Ward. The church dates back at least to 1193 (Carlin and Belcher). It was destroyed in the Great Fire, then rebuilt by 1674, and finally demolished in 1904 (Harben).St. George is mentioned in the following documents:
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Portsoken Ward
Portsoken Ward is east of Tower Street Ward and Aldgate Ward and is located outside the Wall. This ward was once called Knighten Guild, so named because the land which it encompasses was originally given to thirteen knights or soldiers who were the first members of the Knighten Guild, an order of chivalry founded by Edgar the Peaceful for valuable knights in his service. As the OED notes,portsoken
refers tothe district outside a city or borough, over which its jurisdiction extends
(OED portsoken, 1). It follows that this ward, one of the twenty-six wards of London and located outside of the Wall, was later known as Portsoken Ward.Portsoken Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mermaid Inn
MoEML consulted Taylor and Rocque 12Ca to locate this site on the Agas map.Mermaid Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Swan
The Swan was the second of the Bankside theatres. It was located at Paris Garden. It was in use from 1595 and possibly staged some of the plays of William Shakespeare (SHaLT).The Swan is mentioned in the following documents:
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Abchurch Lane
Abchurch Lane runs north-south from Lombard Street to Candlewick Street. The Agas Map labels itAbchurche lane.
It lies mainly in Candlewick Street Ward, but part of it serves as the boundary between Langbourne Ward and Candlewick Street Ward.Abchurch Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lime Street Ward
Lime Street Ward is west of Aldgate Ward. The ward is named after its principle street, Lime Street, which takes its name from themaking or ſelling of Lime there,
according to Stow (Stow 1603).Lime Street Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Standard (Cheapside) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower of London is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Dunstan in the East is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Cockpit
The Cockpit, also known as the Phoenix, was an indoor commercial playhouse planned and built by the theatre entrepreneur and actor Christopher Beeston. The title pages of plays performed at the Cockpit usually refer to its locationin Drury Lane,
but G. E. Bentley offers a more precise description:Beeston’s property lay between Drury Lane and Great Wild Street, north-west of Princes’ Street in the parish of St Giles in the Fields
(Bentley vi 49). Herbert Berry adds that the playhouse wasthree-eights of a mile west of the western boundary of the City of London at Temple Bar
(Berry 624), and Frances Teague notes that it wason the east side of Drury Lane
and that[t]he site was long preserved by the name of Cockpit Alley, afterwards Pitt Court
(Teague 243).The Cockpit is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bath Inn
In terms of the history of the site, Victor Belcher and Martha Carlin note that Bath Inn was built in 1414 and by 1423 it wasinherited by Richard Hankeford who became Lord Fitzwaryn in the right of his wife
(Carlin and Belcher 74). As such, the site was known asFitzwaryn’s Inn.
When the property came into the ownership of John Bourchier, who became the Earl of Bath in 1536, the location became known asBath House
orBath Inn.
When the Earl of Bath sold the property in 1621, the name of the house changed again toBrook House
(Williams 525-7).Bath Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Woolnoth is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Botolph (Aldgate)
St. Botolph, Aldgate was a parish church near Aldgate at the junction of Aldgate Street and Houndsditch. It was located in Portsoken Ward on the north side of Aldgate Street. Stow notes that theChurch hath beene lately new builded at the speciall charges of the Priors of the holy Trinitie
before the Priory was dissolved in 1531 (Stow).St. Botolph (Aldgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Arundel House
Arundel House (c. 1221-1682) was located on the Thames between Milford Lane and Strand Lane. It was to the east of Somerset House, to the south of St. Clement Danes, and adjacent to the Roman Baths at Strand Lane.Arundel House is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Margaret (Lothbury) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin Orgar
The church of St. Martin Orgar, named for Dean Orgar who gave the church to the canons, has been wrongly located by the maker of the Agas map. The church is drawn in Bridge Ward Within, south of Crooked Lane and west of New Fish Street on St. Michael’s Lane. However, the church was actually located one block northwest in Candlewick Street Ward, on the east side of St. Martin’s Lane just south of Candlewick Street.St. Martin Orgar is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Dionis Backchurch is mentioned in the following documents:
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All Hallows Barking (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hospital of St. Mary within Cripplegate
Harben notes that the first known mention of the hospital, which is in the calendar of the patent rolls, stated that alicense [was] granted to William de Elsyng to alienate in mortmain certain houses in the parishes of St. Alphege and St. Mary Aldermanbury to found a hospital for 100 blind people in honour of the Blessed Virgin Mary
(Harben 217). The aforementioned William de Elsyng was the hospital’s warden from 1330–1331, and the hospital derived its other commonly used name, Elsing Spital, from him (Harben 217).Hospital of St. Mary within Cripplegate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Griste’s House is mentioned in the following documents:
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Castle Baynard Ward
Castle Baynard Ward is west of Queenhithe Ward and Bread Street Ward. The ward is named after Baynard’s Castle, one of its main ornaments.Castle Baynard Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sermon Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Newgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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All Hallows (Lombard Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. James in the Wall Hermitage is mentioned in the following documents:
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Chapel of Jesus
The Chapel of Jesus was located under the choir in St. Paul’s Cathedral. It was founded in the thirty-seventh year of Henry VI’s reign for afraternitie, and guild, to the honour of the most glorious name of Iesu Christ our Sauiour
(Stow 1598, sig. S5v). The entrance of the chapel was decorated with an image of Jesus and of Margaret Beauchamp who was buried within (Stow 1633, sig. 2I5r). Other people of note buried in the chapel include William Lamb (Stow 1633, sig. 2I5r).Chapel of Jesus is mentioned in the following documents:
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Smart’s Key
One of the Legal Quays, Smart’s Key was primarily involved in the trade of fish. Named after its original owner, a Master Smart, the key eventually came into the possession of London’s fraternity of cordwainers. It is perhaps most notorious for being the location of an alehouse that in 1585 was converted by a man named Wotton into a training ground for aspiring cut-purses and pickpockets. The key was an important landing place for merchant vessels throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.Smart’s Key is mentioned in the following documents:
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Winchester House is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Nicholas Acon
St. Nicholas Acon was located in Langbourn Ward, its parish extending into Candlewick Street Ward (Harben 437). While it was not depicted on the Agas map, Prockter and Taylor note that St. Nicholas Aconstood on the west side of St. Nicholas Lane towards the northern end
(Prockter and Taylor 51). According to Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay,Acons
is possibly derived fromHaakon,
the name of one of the benefactors (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 802).St. Nicholas Acon is mentioned in the following documents:
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Pike Gardens
On the Agas map there are nine rectangular and square pike gardens, or artificial fishponds, located in the liberty of Southwark among the bear and bullbaiting arenas. These nine pike gardens, however, give only an approximate indication of the size, shape, and location of early modern London’s three major aquaculture operations—the Winchester House Pike Garden, the King’s (or Queen’s) Pike Garden, and the Great Pike Garden—each of which dates to the Middle Ages. These fishponds relied on two separate types of holding areas: the vivarium, or breeding pond, and the servatorium, or holding pond. To catch and sort fish, workers drained the shallow ponds through diversion conduits equipped with gates and sluices. Freshwater fish cultivated in estate gardens were considered a luxury dish well into the eighteenth century, especially the pike, an aggressive predator that was admired and feared in Izaak Walton’s 1653 angler guidebook.Pike Gardens is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Olave (Silver Street)
According to Stow, St. Olave (Silver Street) was a church on the corner of Silver Street and Noble Street at the western edge of Aldersgate Ward. Stow writes that the church wasa small thing, and without any note-worthie monuments
(Stow 1598, sig. K3v). It was destroyed in the Great Fire and was not rebuilt (Carlin and Belcher 91).St. Olave (Silver Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Birchin Lane
Birchin Lane was a short street running north-south between Cornhill Street and Lombard Street. The north end of Birchin Lane lay in Cornhill Ward, and the south end in Langbourne Ward.Birchin Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mildred (Bread Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Margaret (Lothbury) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Olave (Old Jewry) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. George Southwark
St. George Southwark was located adjacent to Suffolk House, just south of the area depicted on the Agas map (Stow 1598, sig. Y8r). While there is no mention of the church in the 1086 Domesday Book, Stow notes that St. George Southwark was gifted to the Bermondsey Abbey by Thomas Arden and his son in 1122 (Stow 1598, sig. Y8v). As a result, St. George Southwark was probably constructed at the beginning of the twelfth century (Darlington).St. George Southwark is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bermondsey Abbey
According to Stow, Bermondsey Abbey dates back to the 11th century. It was surrendered to Henry VIII in 1539 and subsequently demolished to be replaced with houses (Stow 1598, sig. Z4v).Bermondsey Abbey is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary (Colechurch) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Benet Gracechurch is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary (Abchurch) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Leaden Porch is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Thames is mentioned in the following documents:
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Little Conduit (Cheapside)
The Little Conduit (Cheapside), also known as the Pissing Conduit, stood at the western end of Cheapside Street outside the north corner of Paul’s Churchyard. On the Agas map, one can see two water cans on the ground just to the right of the conduit.Little Conduit (Cheapside) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Prince’s Wardrobe is mentioned in the following documents:
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Coleman Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackwell Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Woolchurch is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Stephen Walbrook is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Bothaw is mentioned in the following documents:
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Skinners’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bishopsgate Ward
Bishopsgate Ward shares its western boundary with the eastern boundaries of Shoreditch and Broad Street Ward and, thus, encompasses area both inside and outside the Wall. The ward and its main street, Bishopsgate Street, are named after Bishopsgate.Bishopsgate Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheap Ward
Cheap Ward is west of Bassinghall Ward and Coleman Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Cheapside, are named after West Cheap (the market).Cheap Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. James Garlickhithe is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin (Vintry) is mentioned in the following documents:
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All Hallows the Great
All Hallows the Great was a church located on the south side of Thames Street and on the east side of Church Lane. Stow describes it as afaire Church with a large cloyster,
but remarks that it has beenfoulely defaced and ruinated
(Stow 1:235).All Hallows the Great is mentioned in the following documents:
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Harbour Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Michael Paternoster Royal is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bartholomew’s Hospital
According to Stow, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital was located on the west side of Smithfield in Farringdon Without Ward. Originally a religious hospital, it was founded by its first prior, Rahere, in 1102 (Stow 1598, sig. X1r). It was dissolved under Henry VIII and reendowed and granted to the City of London in 1544 as a part of the civic hospital system.St. Bartholomew’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Benet (Paul’s Wharf) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Thomas Apostle is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Royal is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lady Chapel (Christ Church)
Lady Chapel, Christ Church was a chapel in Christ Church located by the organs (Kingsford). Those of note buried within the chapel include Sir John de Gisors (Thornbury).Lady Chapel (Christ Church) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John’s of Jerusalem
St. John’s of Jerusalem provided housing and care for pilgrims and crusading knights. It was held by the Knights Hospitallers and dissolved in the reign of Henry VIII (Stow 1598, sig. 2D7r).St. John’s of Jerusalem is mentioned in the following documents:
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King’s Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
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Soper Lane
Soper Lane was located in the Cordwainers Street Ward just west of Walbrook Street and south of Cheapside Street. Soper Lane was home to many of the soap makers and shoemakers of the city (Stow 1:251). Soper Lane was on the processional route for the lord mayor’s shows.Soper Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Antholin is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Ditch
The Tower Ditch, or Tower Moat, was part of the Tower of London’s medieval defences. It was built by the Bishop of Ely William de Longchamp while Richard I was crusading in the Holy Land (1187-1192) (Harben). The ditch was used as a dumping ground for plague victim corpses, human waste from the Tower, and meat carcasses from East Smithfield market.Tower Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bucklersbury is mentioned in the following documents:
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Coldharbour
Coldharbour was a mansion dating back to at least the reign of Edward II (Harben). It is not marked on the Agas map, but its location can be discerned from the position of All Hallows the Less. After 1543, the eastern portion of the house was leased to the Watermen’s Company (Harben). It ceased to function as a private residence in 1593 and became a tenement house (Harben). Nevertheless, it remained a distinctive site and is mentioned in dramatic works well into the 17th century (Sugden). It was destroyed in the Fire, after which a brewery was built on the site (Harben).Coldharbour is mentioned in the following documents:
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Chapel of St. Mary Coneyhope is mentioned in the following documents:
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Grocers’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Temple Church
A church used by both Middle and Inner Temples.Temple Church is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Star and the Ram is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ram Alley
Ram Alley, now known as Hare Place, was a small alley that ran north-south off of Fleet Street, opposite Fetter Lane. Once aconventual sanctury,
Ram Alleydeveloped into a chartered abode of libertinism and roguery
(Beresford 46).Ram Alley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Montfichet’s Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheapside Street
Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many mercers’ and goldsmiths’ shops located there. It was also the most sacred stretch of the processional route, being traced both by the linear east-west route of a royal entry and by the circular route of the annual mayoral procession.Cheapside Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Magdalen (Milk Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fleet Street
Fleet Street runs east-west from Temple Bar to Fleet Hill or Ludgate Hill, and is named for the Fleet River. The road has existed since at least the 12th century (Sugden 195) and known since the 14th century as Fleet Street (Beresford 26). It was the location of numerous taverns including the Mitre and the Star and the Ram.Fleet Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s School is mentioned in the following documents:
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Serjeants’ Inn (Fleet Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary (Aldermanbury) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gracechurch Street
Gracechurch Street ran north-south from Cornhill Street near Leadenhall Market to the bridge. At the southern end, it was calledNew Fish Street.
North of Cornhill, Gracechurch continued as Bishopsgate Street, leading through Bishop’s Gate out of the walled city into the suburb of Shoreditch.Gracechurch Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Queenhithe Ward
Queenhithe Ward is located east of Castle Baynard Ward and west of Vintry Ward bordering the north bank of the Thames. It is named after the Queenhithe water-gate (Stow 1633, sig. 2M1r).Queenhithe Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Nicholas Olave is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Mounthaw is mentioned in the following documents:
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Queenhithe
Queenhithe is one of the oldest havens or harbours for ships along the Thames. Hyd is an Anglo-Saxon word meaninglanding place.
Queenhithe was known in the ninth century as Aetheredes hyd orthe landing place of Aethelred.
Aethelred was the son-in-law of Alfred the Great (the first king to unify England and have any real authority over London), anealdorman
(I.e., alderman) of the former kingdom of Mercia, and ruler of London (Sheppard 70).Queenhithe is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Somerset is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Michael (Wood Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bread Street
Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.Bread Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. John the Evangelist is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Magdalen (Southwark)
According to Stow, St. Mary Magdalen was originally a large chapel dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, which was attached to St. Saviour. St. Mary Magdalen was founded by Peter des Roches during the thirteenth century and later became a parish church (Stow 1598, sig. Y7v). During the Dissolution of the Monasteries, St. Mary Magdalen and St. Margaret were absorbed into the parish of St. Saviour, Southwark. The location that previously held St. Mary Magdalen was incorporated into St. Saviour, the new parish church.St. Mary Magdalen (Southwark) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Margaret (Southwark)
St. Margaret (Southwark) was a church in Southwark. The church was absorbed into the St. Saviour (Southwark) (Parish) during the Dissolution of the Monasteries (Howard and Godfrey). Stow also recalls this absorption (Stow 1598, sig. 2D6r). By Stow’s time, the site would hold the Southwark Counter (Stow 1598, sig. Y5v, Y7v). The church is not on the Agas map but would be just to the south of the map’s southernmost edge.St. Margaret (Southwark) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Saviour (Southwark) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Middle Temple
Middle Temple was one of the four Inns of CourtMiddle Temple is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lollard’s Tower
A prison for bishops, Lollard’s Tower was made up of two stone towers originally meant for bells at two corners on the west end of St. Paul’s.Lollard’s Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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Queen’s Head Inn (St. Giles) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Giles (Cripplegate) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Drury House is mentioned in the following documents:
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Suffolk House
Suffolk House was located on the west side of Blackman Street near St. George Southwark and was just south of the area depicted on the Agas map (Walford). Stow claims that Suffolk House was built by the Duke of Suffolk, Charles Brandon, during the reign of Henry VIII (Stow 1633, sig. 2Q5v), while Ida Darlington asserts that a residence owned by the Brandon family, known as Southwark Place, existed at this location prior to Henry VIII’s reign (Darlington).Suffolk House is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bartholomew the Great
St. Bartholomew the Great was a church in Farringdon Without Ward on the south side of Long Lane, Smithfield. It was made a parish church at the Dissolution of the Monasteries and was declared a gift to the citizens of Londonfor relieving of the Poore
in 1546 (Stow 1633, sig. 2N5r). Under Mary I, the site and building were given to the Dominican order to be used as Blackfriars, St. Bartholomew’s before being restored under Elizabeth I.St. Bartholomew the Great is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Olave (Southwark)
St. Olave (Southwark) was a church dedicated to St. Olaf in Southwark on the bank of the Thames. It is marked on the Agas map with the labelS. Tovolles.
St. Olave (Southwark) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Augustine Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Hall
Westminster Hall isthe only surviving part of the original Palace of Westminster
(Weinreb and Hibbert 1011) and is located on the west side of the Thames. It is located on the bottom left-hand corner of the Agas map, and is labelled asWeſtmynſter hall.
Originally built as an extension to Edward the Confessor’s palace in 1097, the hall served as the setting for banquets through the reigns of many kings.Westminster Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Charlton House is mentioned in the following documents:
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Postles Chapel (Christ Church)
Postles Chapel, Christ Church also known as chapel of the Apostles was a chapel in Christ Church located south of the choir (Nichols). Those of note buried within the chapel include Walter Blount and John Blount (Nichols).Postles Chapel (Christ Church) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tyburn
Tyburn is best known as the location of the principal gallows where public executions were carried out from the late 12th century until the 18th (Drouillard, Wikipedia). It was a village to the west of the city, near the present-day location of Marble Arch (beyond the boundary of the Agas Map). Its name derives from a stream, and its significance to Stow was primarily as one of the sources of piped water for the city; he describes howIn the yeare 1401. this priſon houſe called the Tunne was made a Ceſterne for ſweete water conueyed by pipes of Leade frõ the towne of Tyborne, and was from thence forth called the conduite vpon Cornhill Gap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] (Stow 1598, sig. L3r)
.Tyburn is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Sepulchre is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Augustine (Watling Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Cloister is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Charnel House is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin (Ludgate) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bankside
Bankside ran along the south bank of the Thames from Winchester House to the place where Blackfriars Bridge would later be built. Described by Weinreb asredolent of squalor and vice,
the nameBankside
became associated with the district consisting mainly of brothels, bear baiting arenas, and warehouses within the street’s proximity (Weinreb 39).Bankside is mentioned in the following documents:
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Southwark is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Michael le Querne is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Nicholas Shambles Market is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holborn
Holborn ran east-west from the junction of Hosier Lane, Cock Lane and Snow Hill to St. Giles High Street, and passed through Farringdon Without Ward and Westminster.Holborn is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Dunstan in the West is mentioned in the following documents:
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Clerkenwell is mentioned in the following documents:
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Nunnery of St. Mary Clerkenwell is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Giles in the Fields
St. Giles in the Fields was a hospital and parish church. It is marked near the western edge of the Agas map with the labelS. Gyles in the Fyeld.
According to Stow, St. Giles in the Fields was founded as a leprosy house by Matilda of Scotland during the reign of Henry I. The hospital was eventually suppressed by Henry VIII (Stow 1598, sig. 2D6v).St. Giles in the Fields is mentioned in the following documents:
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Chancery Lane
Chancery Lane was built sometime around 1160 by the Knights Templar on land they owned. It ran north-south between Fleet Street at the south end to Holborn in the North, and was originally called New Street. The current name dates from the time of Ralph Neville, who was Bishop of Chichester and Lord Chancellor of England (Bebbington 78). The area around the street came into his possession whenin 1227 Henry III gave him land for a palace in this lane: hence Bishop’s Court and Chichester Rents, small turnings out of Chancery Lane
(Bebbington 78).Chancery Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Churchyard
Surrounding St. Paul’s Cathedral, St. Paul’s Churchyard has had a multi-faceted history in use and function, being the location of burial, crime, public gathering, and celebration. Before its destruction during the civil war, St. Paul’s Cross was located in the middle of the churchyard, providing a place for preaching and the delivery of Papal edicts (Thornbury).St. Paul’s Churchyard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Westminster Palace is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Steelyard
The Steelyard was the chief outpost of the Hanseatic League in the city of London. Located on the north side of the River Thames, slightly west of London Bridge, the Steelyard was home to many wealthy German merchants from the 13th century to the end of the 16th century. Although it was a powerful economic force in the 15th and early 16th centuries, by the time of Elizabeth’s reign, piracy and economic sanctions had rendered the once great Steelyard obsolete (Lloyd 344-345).The Steelyard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Serjeants’ Inn (Chancery Lane) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lombard’s Place
Lombard’s Place, also known asLumbardi’s place in Botolph Lane
orGreat Lombard’s Place
was possibly, according to Henry Harben,[A] place of residence or of meeting for the Lombard merchants in london at this time [1483-5], similar to the one in Clement’s Lane
(Harben 358). Specifically, Lombard’s Place is associated with Gabriel de Urs and Peter Conteryn, both Venetian merchants in the late fifteenth century (Harben 358). The house was located just north of Thames Street, between Botolph’s Lane and Love Lane.Lombard’s Place is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bride is mentioned in the following documents:
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Moorgate
Moorgate was one of the major gates in the Wall of London (Sugden). It was situated in the northern part of the Wall, flanked by Cripplegate and Bishopsgate. Clearly labelled asMore Gate
on the Agas map, it stood near the intersection of London Wall street and Coleman Street (Sugden; Stow 1598, sig. C6v). It adjoined Bethlehem Hospital, and the road through it led into Finsbury Field (Rocque) and Mallow Field.Moorgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Taylors’ School
Merchant Taylors’ School was a grammar school founded by The Merchant Taylors’ Company in 1561. According to Stow, The Merchant Taylors’ Company bought the Manor of the Rose on Suffolk Lane to serve as the building for the school (Stow 1598, sig. N7r). This building was destroyed in the Fire, and a new building was constructed on the same site in 1674–1675.Merchant Taylors’ School is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mildred (Poultry) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary de Barking
A chapel located just north of All Hallows Barking. Stow states that the chapel was founded by Richard I and notes thatsome haue written that his heart was buried there vnder the high altar
(Stow 130).St. Mary de Barking is mentioned in the following documents:
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The White Lion
The dwelling house of Richard Smith, which he gave to the parish of All Hallows Barking for the poor in the event that his children died without issue.The White Lion is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Margaret (New Fish Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cornet Stoure
Also known as theKings house
orCornet stoure at Buckles bury,
Edward III’s Cornet Stoure is described in the 1633 edition of Stow’s Survey of London as beingone ancient and strong Tower of stone the which Tower King Edward the third, in the eighteenth of his reign, by the name of the Kings house, called Cornet stoure in London
(Stow 1633, sig. 2A6r). In terms of the function of the site, Stow notes that Edward III appointed the location to be his exchange andgave the same Tower to his College
around 1358 (Stow 1633, sig. 2A6r).Cornet Stoure is mentioned in the following documents:
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Somar’s Key is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lyon Key is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary at Hill Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Margaret Pattens is mentioned in the following documents:
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Love Lane (Thames Street)
Love Lane (Thames Street) was situated within Billingsgate Ward (orBelingsgate
) (Hughson 91). Billingsgate Ward is two wards to the west of the Tower of London. The Agas map shows that the lane goes from north to south—up to St. Andrew Hubbard and down to Thames Street. It runs parallel to the streets St. Mary at Hill Street and Botolph Lane.Love Lane (Thames Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. James Duke’s Place
According to Stow, St. James Duke’s Place was built on the grounds of Duke’s Place, which was converted from the Holy Trinity Priory after the priory’s dissolution in 1531.The 1633 edition of Stow recounts the reconstruction of a church upon the ruins of the priory alongside Duke’s Place. Approval for this reconstruction was granted by James I. The inscription indicates the church’s dedication to both James I and St. James, hence the nameSt. James Duke’s Place
(Stow 1633, sig. O1v-O3r).The buildings on the site were destroyed in the Great Fire and then rebuilt (Sugden 281). The church was active until 1874 (Sugden 281).St. James Duke’s Place is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldgate
Aldgate was the easternmost gate into the walled city. The nameAldgate
is thought to come from one of four sources: Æst geat meaningEastern gate
(Ekwall 36), Alegate from the Old English ealu meaningale,
Aelgate from the Saxon meaningpublic gate
oropen to all,
or Aeldgate meaningold gate
(Bebbington 20–21).Aldgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Katherine Cree (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Mercers’ Chapel
Henry A. Harben decribes the Mercers’ Chapel as being locatedGap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] on the north side of Cheapside, at the south-east end of Mercers’ HallGap in transcription. Reason: Editorial omission for reasons of length or relevance. Use only in quotations in born-digital documents.[…] between Ironmonger Lane and Old Jewry
(Harben 404). At one time part of the Hospital of St. Thomas of Acon, the location was obtained by the Mercers following the Dissolution of the Monasteries, allowing the company built their chapel near the site. The structure was destroyed in the Fire of 1666 and rebuilt on the same site thereafter.Mercers’ Chapel is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Andrew Undershaft (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Half Moon
Located in Bishopsgate Ward without the Wall, the Half Moon housed Robert Wood. His wife, Joane, left the yearly rents for the messuage and nearby Half Moon Alley to the Church of St. Botolph without Bishopsgate (Stow 1633, sig. Q1r-Q1v; Harben 285–286).The Half Moon is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldgate Ward
Aldgate Ward is located within the London Wall and east of Lime Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Aldgate Street, are named after Aldgate, the eastern gate into the walled city (Stow 1633, sig. N6v).Aldgate Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Laurence (Jewry) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Botolph without Bishopsgate (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Katherine Coleman Street (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Charnel House and Chapel of St. Edmund the Bishop and Mary Magdalen
The Charnel House and Chapel of St. Edmund and Mary Magdalen was a mortuary chapel in Bishopsgate Ward on the east side of Bishopsgate Street. Prockter and Taylor suggest that the Charnel House and Chapel of St. Edmund and Mary Magdalen is the long, solitary building within the walled compound northwest of the Artillery Yard on the Agas map (Prockter and Taylor). References to this chapel are sparse in historical records, but we know from Stow that itwas founded about the yeare 1391. by William Euesham Citizen and Peperer of London, who was there buried
(Stow).Charnel House and Chapel of St. Edmund the Bishop and Mary Magdalen is mentioned in the following documents:
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Hayʼs Wharf
Named after its owner, Alexander Hay, Hayʼs Wharf was a granary and brewery located between Tooley Street and the Thames (Hayʼs Wharf).Hayʼs Wharf is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Ethelburga (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Michael Bassishaw (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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King’s Alley
According to Stow, on the East side of Coleman Street,almost at the North end thereof, is the Armourers Hall, which companie of Armourers were made a fraternitie or Guild of Saint George, with a Chantrie in the Chapple of saint Thomas in Paules Church, in the first of Henrie the sixt. Also on the same side, is kings Alley, and Loue lane, both containing many tenements.
Both of these streets appear on the Map of Tudor London (A Map of Tudor London, 1520). Ekwall notes that Kings Alley isNamed from William Kyng, draper
(1965).King’s Alley is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Staining is mentioned in the following documents:
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Coleman Street Ward
Coleman Street Ward is west of Broad Street Ward. It is named after its main street, Coleman Street (Stow 1633, sig. 2B6r).Coleman Street Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Basinghall Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Walbrook Ward
Walbrook Ward is west of Candlewick Street Ward. The ward is named after the Walbrook, a river that ran through the heart of London, from north to south. The river was filled in and paved over so that it was hardly discernable by Stow’s time (Harben, Walbrook (The)).Walbrook Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sion Court is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Alphage
Harben notes that St. Alphage was originally on the north side of the Wall near Cripplegate (Harben). However, St. Alphage parish must have straddled the Wall, because both Stow and Harben note that parts of theparish of St. Alphage, London Wall on the south side of the Wall were given over for the construction of the Hospital of St. Mary within Cripplegate in 1329 (Stow 1598, sig. Q5v). After Henry VIII’s 1531 dissolution of the Hospital of St. Mary within Cripplegate, part of that hospital on the south side of the Wall was given to St. Alphage (Stow 1598, sig. Q5v). The church then moved there, presumably along Gayspur Lane, which according to Stow was the street of the Hospital of St. Mary. The church on the north side of the Wall was demolished, and the site became a a carpenter’s yard (Stow 1598, sig. Q5v).St. Alphage is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gutter Lane
Gutter Lane ran north-south from Cheapside to Maiden Lane (Wood Street). It is to the west of Wood Street and to the east of Foster Lane, lying within the north-eastern most area of Farringdon Ward Within and serving as a boundary to Aldersgate ward. It is labelled asGoutter Lane
on the Agas map.Gutter Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Carey Lane
Carey Lane ran east-west, connecting Gutter Lane in the east and Foster Lane in the west. It ran parallel between Maiden Lane (Wood Street) in the north and Cheapside Street in the south. The Agas Map labels itKerie la.
Carey Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Vintry Ward
Vintry Ward is west of Dowgate Ward. The ward is named after the Vintners’ Company and the Vintry,a part of the banks of the Riuer of Thames
within Vintry Ward, used by the merchants of Bordeaux for the transporting and selling of their wines (Stow 1603).Vintry Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cutlers’ Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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George Inn (Bread Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ringed Hall
Ringed Hall has a varied chain of ownership. Carlin and Belcher state that the hall was granted to Rewley Abbey in 1282 by the 2nd Earl of Cornwall and was then let out to tenants (Carlin and Belcher 84). Harben notes that during Edward III’s reign it belonged to Benedict de Folesham, and in 1541 Henry VIII gave the hall to Morgan Philip, alias Wolfe (Harben 504). In today’s London, the hall would sit at the corner of Great St. Thomas Apostle and Queen St. (Harben 504).Ringed Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Kerion Lane
Kerion Lane ran east-west from College Hill to St. James Garlickhithe and was located in Vintry Ward (Harben, Maiden Lane). It was also known as Maiden Lane (Harben, Maiden Lane).Kerion Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin within Ludgate (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackfriars (Farringdon Within)
The largest and wealthiest friary in England, Blackfriars was not only a religious institution but also a cultural, intellectual, and political centre of London. The friary housed London’s Dominican friars (known in England as the Black friars) after their move from the smaller Blackfriars precincts in Holborn. The Dominicans’ aquisition of the site, overseen by Robert Kilwardby, began in 1275. Once completed, the precinct was second in size only to St. Paul’s, spanning eight acres from the Fleet to St. Andrew’s Hill and from Ludgate to the Thames. Blackfriars remained a political and social hub, hosting councils and even parlimentary proceedings, until its surrender in 1538 pursuant to Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries (Holder 27–56).Blackfriars (Farringdon Within) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Salisbury Court is mentioned in the following documents:
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Gray’s Inn Road is mentioned in the following documents:
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Aldersgate Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holy Trinity the Less is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Andrew by the Wardrobe (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bread Street Ward
Bread Street Ward is east of Castle Baynard Ward and Farringdon Within Ward. The ward takes its name from its main street, Bread Street,ſo called of bread in olde time there ſold
(Stow 1603).Bread Street Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Andrew by the Wardrobe is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Gregory by St. Paul’s is mentioned in the following documents:
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Farringdon Without Ward
Farringdon Without Ward is west of Farringdon Within Ward and Aldersgate Ward and is located outside the Wall. This ward is calledWithout
orExtra
to differentiate it from Farringdon Within Ward and both wards take the name of William Faringdon, principle owner of Farringdon Ward, the greater ward that was separated into Farringdon Within Ward and Farringdon Without Ward in the 17 of Richard II.Farringdon Without Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Kent Street
Originally called Kentish Street, Kent Street began at the north end of Blackman Street and ran eastward from the church of St. George Southwark (Walford). Kent Street was a long and narrow road that connected Southwark to the County of Kent (Stow 1633, sig. 2Q2v). Edward Walford notes that Kent Streetwas part of the great way from Dover and the Continent to the metropolis
until the early nineteenth century (Walford). Kent Street is now commonly referred to as Old Kent Road and is not to be confused with New Kent Road (Darlington). Kent Street is south of the area depicted on the Agas map.Kent Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Spur Inn is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. George Southwark (Parish)
The parish of St. George was located just south of the area depicted on the Agas map. According to John Stow, the parish of St. George was one of five parishes in Southwark alongside St. Saviour, St. Thomas, St. Olave, and St. Mary Magdalen, although modern accounts place the parish of St. Mary Magdalen outside of the borough of Southwark (Boulton 9). In 1550, Edward VI granted the Corporation of London rights overall waifs and strays, treasure trove, deodand, goods of felons and fugitives and escheats and forfeitures
in the borough of Southwark, which included the parish of St. George (Malden).St. George Southwark (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary (Newington) (Parish)
The parish of St. Mary (Newington) began approximately a mile south of London Bridge and is south of the area depicted on the Agas map (Stow 1598, sig. Y5r). St. Mary Newington was also referred to asNewington Butts,
a name that is believed to originate from the ancient archery butts that were set up on the fields of the parish (Malden; Lysons). One of the notable sites in St. Mary Newington was Newington Butts, which was among the earliest playhouses to exist during the golden age of Elizabethan theatre (Johnson 26). While Stow discusses the parish of St. Mary Newington in his Survey of London, St. Mary Newington was technically adistant parish,
which lay outside the Corporation of London’s jurisdiction (Boulton 12). As a result, St. Mary Newington fell under the control of Surrey authorities (Boulton 9).St. Mary (Newington) (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Olave Southwark (Parish)
The parish of St. Olave was located on the southern bank of the Thames and to the east of the parish of St. Saviour, running from London Bridge to Bermondsey (Boulton 9). According to John Stow, the parish of St. Olave was one of five parishes in Southwark alongside St. Saviour, St. Thomas, St. George, and St. Mary Magdalen, although modern accounts place the parish of St. Mary Magdalen outside of the borough of Southwark (Boulton 9). In 1550, Edward VI granted the Corporation of London rights overall waifs and strays, treasure trove, deodand, goods of felons and fugitives and escheats and forfeitures
in the borough of Southwark, which included the parish of St. Olave (Malden). Stow describes St. Olave as an especially large parish that was filled with many impoverished individuals and aliens (Stow 1598, sig. Z2v).St. Olave Southwark (Parish) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Huggin Lane (Wood Street)
Huggin Lane (Wood Street) ran east-west connecting Wood Street in the east to Gutter Lane in the west. It ran parallel between Cheapside in the south and Maiden Lane (Wood Street) in the north. It was in Cripplegate Ward. It is labelled asHoggyn la
on the Agas map.Huggin Lane (Wood Street) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Emperor’s Head Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fleet Prison is mentioned in the following documents:
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Chapel of St. Thomas on the Bridge
Located on London Bridge, the Chapel of St. Thomas on the Bridge was a chapel dedicated to St. Thomas Becket that was founded by Peter of Colechurch sometime before 1205 (Page).Chapel of St. Thomas on the Bridge is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary Colechurch
St. Mary Colechurch, according to the 1520 map, was located at the intersection of Poultry and Old Jewry (A Map of Tudor London, 1520). Stow locates the church a little further east on Poultry at the south end of Conyhope Lane, a reference, perhaps, to the chapel by the same name identified on the map (Stow 1633, sig. 2A6r; A Map of Tudor London, 1520). St. Mary Colechurch does not appear on the Agas map; thus, we have added this location on the authority of Stow and the 1520 map and the location coordinates on the authority of the map (A Map of Tudor London, 1520).St. Mary Colechurch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Lambeth Hill
Lambeth Hill ran north-south between Knightrider Street and Thames Street. Part of it lay in Queenhithe Ward and part in Castle Baynard Ward. The Blacksmiths’ Hall was located on the west side of this street, but the precise location is unknown.Lambeth Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sugarloaf Alley
Sugarloaf Alley ran north-south from Leadenhall Street to Fenchurch Street, on the west side of Bricklayers’ Hall. Stow indicates that it was calledSprinckle allie
but had been renamed Sugarloaf Alley after a shop sign.Sugarloaf Alley is mentioned in the following documents:
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PLACEHOLDER LOCATION
PLACEHOLDER LOCATION ITEM. The purpose of this item is to allow encoders to link to a location item when they cannot add a new location file for some reason. MoEML may still be seeking information regarding this entry. If you have information to contribute, please contact the MoEML team.PLACEHOLDER LOCATION is mentioned in the following documents:
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Savoy Hospital
Savoy Hospital was located along The Strand in Westminster. Henry VII founded the hospital in 1505 (Slack 229–30). Stow writes that the hospital wasfor the reliefe of one hundreth poore people
(Stow 1598, sig. 2D7r). The hospital was suppressed by Edward VI and reendowed by Mary I. Savoy Hospital was finally dissolved in 1702, while its St. John the Baptist’s Chapel remains (Sugden 452).Savoy Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Stephen’s (Westminster Palace) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Posterngate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ludgate
Located in Farringdon Within Ward, Ludgate was a gate built by the Romans (Carlin and Belcher 80). Stow asserts that Ludgate was constructed by King Lud who named the gate after himselffor his owne honor
(Stow 1:1).Ludgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Puddle Wharf
Puddle Wharf was a water gate along the north bank of the Thames (Stow). Also known as Puddle Dock, it was located in Castle Baynard Ward, down from St. Andrew’s Hill. Puddle Wharf was built in 1294 to serve as the main quay for Blackfriars Monastery. (Weinreb and Hibbert 68, 229). In the early modern period, Puddle Wharf would have been the main landing place for playgoers on their way to the Blackfriars theatre via the river.Puddle Wharf is mentioned in the following documents:
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Paternoster Row is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cardinal’s Hat (Southwark)
The Cardinal’s Hat was located south of the Thames and west of the London Bridge in the ward of Southwark. It was part of a row of twelve licensed brothels or stewhouses along Bankside that were permitted by King Henry VII to operate after temporary closure in 1506 (Stow 1598, sig. Y6v).Cardinal’s Hat (Southwark) is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Anne’s Lane
St. Anne’s Lane ran east-west from Foster Lane to St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand). It was named after the Church of St. Anne and St. Agnes and is also called Pope Lane by Stow,so called of one Pope that was owner therof
(Stow 1598, sig. K2v, K4r). According to Sugden, St. Anne’s Lane might have included St. Anne’s Alley as well, forming one long lanebetween St. Martin’s and Noble St
(Sugden). Because Harben and Stow treat these two places as distinct, we have followed their lead in our own gazetteer (Harben; Stow 1598, sig. K2v).St. Anne’s Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Sernes Tower
Sernes Tower was located in Cheap Ward on the north side of Bucklersbery (Harben). The tower changed hands several times. It was built in 1305 by William Servat to serve as his residence (Harben). Sometime between 1317 and 1318, the tower wasgranted for life
to Isabella of France and was most likely owned by Philippa of Hainault by 1338 (Carlin and Belcher). In 1344, Edward III made the tower into theKing’s Exchange
for gold and silver and, finally, gave it as a gift to St. Stephen’s, Westminster Palace in the thirty second year of his reign (Carlin and Belcher; Harben; Stow 1633, sig. F6v). The tower was destroyed during Stow’s lifetime (Carlin and Belcher Servat’s Tower).Sernes Tower is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Mary (Newington)
St. Mary Newington was a church dedicated to The Virgin Mary located on the west side of St. Mary Newington Parish, just south of the area depicted on the Agas map (Noorthouck). Ida Darlington notes that the earliest mention of St. Mary Newington occurs in the Liber Feodorum orBook of Fees,
which mentions thatRoger de Susexx held the church of Niwetun of the gift of the Archbishop
in 1212. While very little is known about St. Mary Newington prior to the thirteenth century, a comprehensive record of the church’s rectors exists from 1212 onwards (Darlington).St. Mary (Newington) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Shoreditch
A suburban neighbourhood located just north of Moorfields and outside Londonʼs City Wall, Shoreditch was a focal point of early modern theatrical culture. Following a boom in Londonʼs population from 1550 to 1600, the neighbourhood became a prime target for development. The building of the Theatre in 1576 and the Curtain in the following year established Shoreditchʼs reputation as Londonʼs premier entertainment district, and the neigbourhood also featured a growing number of taverns, alehouses, and brothels. These latter establishments were often frequented by local players, of whom many prominent members were buried on the grounds of nearby St. Leonardʼs Church. Today, Shoreditch faces the potential revival of its early modern theatrical culture through the efforts of the Museum of London Archaeology and the Tower Hamlets Theatre Company.Shoreditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Spittle Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Mercers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Mercers
The Mercers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Mercers were first in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Mercers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.mercers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Mercers’
Company, from Stow (1633).[Full size
image]](graphics/Mercers_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Mercers’
Company, from Stow (1633).[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Mercers’ Company, from Stow (1633).[Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Grocers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Grocers
The Grocers’ Company (previously the Pepperers’ Company) was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Grocers were second in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Grocers is still active and maintains a website at https://grocershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Grocers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Grocers_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Grocers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Grocers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Drapers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Drapers
The Drapers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Drapers were third in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Drapers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.thedrapers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and bibliography.![The coat of arms of the Drapers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Drapers_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Drapers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Drapers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fishmongers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Fishmongers
The Fishmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London, formed in 1536 out of the merger of the Stock Fishmongers and the Salt Fishmongers. The Fishmongers were fourth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Fishmongers is still active and maintains a website at https://fishmongers.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Fishmongers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Fishmongers_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Fishmongers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Fishmongers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Goldsmiths’ Company
Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths
The Goldsmiths’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Goldsmiths were fifth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is still active and maintains a website at https://www.thegoldsmiths.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and explains the company’s role in the annual Trial of the Pyx.![The coat of arms of the Goldsmiths’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Goldsmiths_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Goldsmiths’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Goldsmiths’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Skinners’ Company
Worshipful Company of Skinners
The Skinners’ Company (previously the Fraternity of Taylors and Linen Armourers of St. John the Baptist) was one of the twelve great companies of London. Since 1484, the Skinners and the Merchant Taylors have alternated precedence annually; the Skinners are now sixth in precedence in even years and seventh in odd years, changing precedence at Easter. The Worshipful Company of Skinners is still active and maintains a website at http://www.theskinnerscompany.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Skinners’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Skinners_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Skinners’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Skinners’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Taylors’ Company
Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors
The Merchant Taylors’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. Since 1484, the Merchant Taylors and the Skinners have alternated precedence annually; the Merchant Taylors are now sixth in precedence in odd years and seventh in even years, changing precedence at Easter. The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors is still active and maintains a website at http://www.merchanttaylors.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and a list of historical milestones.![The coat of arms of the Merchant Taylors’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/MerchantTaylors_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Merchant Taylors’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Merchant Taylors’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Haberdashers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Haberdashers
The Haberdashers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Haberdashers were eighth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.haberdashers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and history of their hall.![The coat of arms of the Haberdashers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Haberdashers_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Haberdashers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Haberdashers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Salters’ Company
Worshipful Company of Salters
The Salters’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Salters were ninth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Salters is still active and maintains a website at http://www.salters.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Salters’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Salters_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Salters’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Salters’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ironmongers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Ironmongers
The Ironmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Ironmongers were tenth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Ironmongers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.ironmongers.org/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Ironmongers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Ironmongers_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Ironmongers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Ironmongers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Vintners’ Company
Worshipful Company of Vintners
The Vintners’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Vintners were eleventh in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Vintners is still active and maintains a website at https://www.vintnershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Vintners’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Vintners_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Vintners’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Vintners’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Clothworkers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Clothworkers
The Clothworkers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London, formed in 1528 out of the merger of the Fullers and the Shearmen. The Clothworkers were twelfth in the order of precedence. The Worshipful Company of Clothworkers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.clothworkers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.![The coat of arms of the Clothworkers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]](graphics/Clothworkers_sm.jpg "The coat of arms of the Clothworkers’
Company, from Stow (1633).
[Full size
image]")
The coat of arms of the Clothworkers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image] This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Apothecaries’ Company
Worshipful Society of Apothecaries
The Apothecaries’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Society of Apothecaries is still active and maintains a website at https://www.apothecaries.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Armourers and Brasiers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers
The Armourers and Brasiers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Armourers and Brasiers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.armourershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bakers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Bakers
The Bakers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Bakers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.bakers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Brewers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Brewers
The Brewers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Brewers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.brewershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Butchers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Butchers
The Butchers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Butchers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.butchershall.com/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Carpenters’ Company
Worshipful Company of Carpenters
The Carpenters’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Carpenters is still active and maintains a website at http://www.thecarpenterscompany.co.uk that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cooks’ Company
Worshipful Company of Cooks
The Cooks’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Cooks is still active and maintains a website at https://www.cooks.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Coopers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Coopers
The Coopers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Coopers is still active and maintains a website at https://upholders.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cordwainers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Cordwainers
The Cordwainers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Cordwainers is still active and maintains a website at http://cordwainers.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Curriers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Curriers
The Curriers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Curriers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.curriers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cutlers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Cutlers
The Cutlers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Cutlers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.cutlerslondon.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Dyers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Dyers
The Dyers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Dyers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.dyerscompany.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Founders’ Company
Worshipful Company of Founders
The Founders’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Founders is still active and maintains a website at https://www.foundersco.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Girdlers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Girdlers
The Girdlers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Girdlers is still active and maintains a website at https://girdlers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Leathersellers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Leathersellers
The Leathersellers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Leathersellers is still active and maintains a website at https://leathersellers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Masons’ Company
Worshipful Company of Masons
The Masons’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Masons is still active and maintains a website at https://www.masonslivery.org/ that includes a brief history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Painter-Stainers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers
The Painter-Stainers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Painter-Stainers is still active and maintains a website at https://painter-stainers.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Pewterers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Pewterers
The Pewterers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Pewterers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.pewterers.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Plaisterers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Plaisterers
The Plaisterers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Plaisterers is still active and maintains a website at https://plaistererslivery.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Plumbers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Plumbers
The Plumbers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Plumbers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.plumberscompany.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Poulters’ Company
Worshipful Company of Poulters
The Poulters’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Poulters is still active and maintains a website at https://poulters.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Saddlers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Saddlers
The Saddlers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Saddlers is still active and maintains a website at https://saddlersco.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Scriveners’ Company
Worshipful Company of Scriveners
The Scriveners’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Scriveners is still active and maintains a website at https://www.scriveners.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stationers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Stationers
The Stationers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Stationers is still active (under the new title of the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers) and maintains a website at https://www.stationers.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tallow Chandlers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Tallow Chandlers
The Tallow Chandlers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Tallow Chandlers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.tallowchandlers.org/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tylers and Bricklayers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Tylers and Bricklayers
The Tylers and Bricklayers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Tylers and Bricklayers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.tylersandbricklayers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Upholders’ Company
Worshipful Company of Upholders
The Upholders’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Upholders is still active and maintains a website at https://upholders.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wax Chandlers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Wax Chandlers
The Wax Chandlers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Wax Chandlers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.weavers.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Weavers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Weavers
The Weavers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Weavers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.weavers.org.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Woolmens’ Company
Worshipful Company of Woolmen
The Woolmens’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Woolmen is still active and maintains a website at https://woolmen.com/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Admiral’s Men
Admiral’s Men was a playing company in early modern London. The company was formed in 1576 and lasted until 1631.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackfriars Children
Blackfriars Children was a playing company of boy actors in early modern London, known by various names. The company staged plays by Beaumont, Chapman, Fletcher, Jonson, Marston, and Middleton between 1603-1613. The company was known at different times as the Blackfriars Boys, Revels Children, Children of the Queen’s Revels, Children of the Chapel, and the Children of Whitefriars (see Gurr 287-287).This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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King’s Men
King’s Men was a playing company in early modern London. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, the group had been known as the Lord Chamberlain’s Men after its then patron, Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon. It was re-named in 1603 when King James I took over as patron soon after acceding to the throne. It is famous for being the company to which William Shakespeare belonged for most of his career.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Austin Friars (Augustinians)
The Austin Friars were a mendicant order that adhered to the teachings of Augustine of Hippo. Founded in the thirteenth century, the Austin Friars arrived in England in 1248 and occupied Austin Friars until King Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bladers’ Company
The Bladers’ Company was a company in early modern London.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Burellers’ Company
The Burellers’ Company was a company in early modern London.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Corders’ Company
The Corders’ Company was a company in early modern London.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Black Friars (Dominicans)
The Blackfriars, named for their customaryblack mantle and hood,
were an order of mendicant friars founded by St. Dominic in France in 1216 (Dominican Order). Intent on spreading Catholicism, St. Dominic sent members of his order to England, where, no later than 1247, the order had bases in Oxford and London (Jarrett 2-3). In the wake of the Reformation, members of the order fled the country or remained in England andeither drifted into poverty, or else entered the ranks of the secular clergy
(Jarrett 169).This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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East India Company
The East India Company was a joint-stock company formed to trade in the Indian Ocean region.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fraternity of the Trinity
The Fraternity of the Trinity was, according to Stow, established in 1466 under King Edward IV. A History of the Country of London contends that the fraternity was founded at the request of Elizabeth Woodville and must have been already in existence in 1422, prior to its association with Leadenhall. From 1466, the Fraternity of the Trinity was in order in Leadenhall until the brief reign of King Edward VI when, under the counsel of Thomas Cranmer, the King signed the Abolition of the Chantries Act in 1547 (Colleges: Fraternity of the Holy Trinity).This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fullers’ Company
The Fullers’ Company was the precursor of the Clothworkers’ Company, into which it merged with the Shearmens’ Company in 1528.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Court of King’s Bench
The Court of King’s Bench was the senior court of English common law. Originally, it travelled with the King. From 1318 to 1882, it met at the south end of Westminster Hall (Baker 42). For an accessible overview, see Wikipedia. The records surviving from King’s Bench cases are held at the National Archives.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Knighten Guild
The Knighten Guild was a guild in London that originated as an order of chivalry founded by King Edgar for loyal knights.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Knights Hospitallers
The Knights Hospitallers was a Roman Catholic military order that originated in the Mediterranean region during the eleventh century. It was also known as the Order of the Knights of Saint John of Jerusalem.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Marshalsea Court
Also known as theCourt of the Steward and Marshal
and theCourt of the Verge,
the Marshalsea Court was a royal court that fell under the jurisdiction of the Knight Marshal and the Lord Steward of the Household (Jones 1). The Marshalsea Court held civil and criminal authority over actions involving a member from the royal household (Lord steward
). Only cases that occurred within twelve miles of the royal residence could be tried in the Marshalsea Court (Lord steward
). Established in the reign of Edward I, the Marshalsea Court operated as a highly specialized household court until it was abolished in the nineteenth century (Lord steward
). For more information, see Encyclopaedia Britannica.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Adventurers’ Company
The Merchant Adventurers’ Company was a trading company founded in 1407.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchants of the Haunce of Almaine
The Merchants of the Haunce of Almaine was a group of German merchants who worked at the Steelyard.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Venturers’ Company
The Merchant Venturers’ Company funded the voyage of John Cabot to Canada in 1497. It was granted a monopoly on Bristol’s sea trade in a 1552 Royal Charter from King Edward VI.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Pepperers’ Company
The Pepperers’ Company was the precursor of the Grocers’ Company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Spicers’ Company
The Spicers’ Company was a company in early modern London.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchants of the Staple
The Merchants of the Staple was one of the mercantile corporations of England. The Company of Merchants of the Staple of England is still active and maintains a website at http://merchantsofthestapleofengland.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stock Fishmongers’ Company
The Stock Fishmongers’ Company was the precursor of the Fishmongers’ Company, into which it merged with the Salt Fishmongers’ Company in 1536.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Knights Templar
The Knights Templar was an organization of Christians who wanted to protect European travelers who visted sites across the Holy Land. The organization was granted land from King Henry II, including a site near Castle Baynard Ward on which they built a round church. In 1184, the Knights Templar built a new round church at Temple Bar which was consecrated a year later.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Woodmongers’ Company
The Woodmongers’ Company was a company in early modern London. With the transition to coal as a primary fuel source, the Woodmongers became defunct by 1731.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Woodstaplers’ Company
The Woolstaplers’ Company was a company in early modern London.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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