The Aucthour (though loth to leaue the Citie) vpon her Friendes procurement, is constrained to departe: wherfore (she fayneth as she would die) and maketh her VVYLL
and Testament, as foloweth: VVith large Legacies of such Goods and riches which she
moste aboundantly hath left behind her: and therof maketh LONdon sole executor to se her Legacies performed.
ℂ A comunication which the Auctor had to London, before she made her VVyll.
THe time is come I must departe,
from thee ah famous Citie:
I neuer yet to rue my smart,1
did finde that thou hadst pitie,
Wherefore small cause ther is, The special character y͑ (LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH REVERSED HOOK ABOVE) does not
display on all browsers and has been replaced by its simplified form.ye I
should greeue from thee go:
But many Women foolyshly,
lyke me, and other moe,
Doe such a fyxed fancy set,
on those which least desarue,
That long it is ere wit we get,
away from them to swarue,2
But tyme with pittie oft wyl tel
to those that wil her try:
Whether it best be more to mell,3
or vtterly defye.
And now hath time me put ĩ mind,
of thy great cruelnes:
That neuer once a help wold finde,
to ease me in distres.
Thou neuer yet, woldst credit geue
to boord me for a yeare:
Nor with Apparell me releue
except thou payed weare.
No, no, thou neuer didst me good,
nor euer wilt I know:
Yet am I in no angry moode,
but wyll, or ere I goe
In perfect loue and charytie,
my Testament here write:
And leaue to thee such Treasurye,
as I in it recyte.
Now stand a side and geue me leaue
to write my latest Wyll:
And see that none you do deceaue,
of that I leaue them tyl.
The maner of her Wyll, & what she left to London: and to all those in it: at her departing.
I Whole in body, and in minde,
but very weake in Purse:
Doo make, and write my Testament
for feare it wyll be wurse.
And fyrst I wholy doo commend,
my Soule and Body eke:
To God the Father and the Son,
so long as I can speake.
And after speach: my Soule to hym,
and Body to the Graue:
Tyll time that all shall rise agayne,
their Judgement for to haue.
And then I hope they both shal méete,
to dwell for aye in ioye:
Whereas I trust to see my Friends
releast, from all annoy.
Thus haue you heard touching my soule,
and body what I meane:
I trust you all wyll witnes beare,
I haue a stedfast brayne.
ℂ And now let mée dispose such things,
as I shal leaue behinde:
That those which shall receaue the same,
may know my wylling minde.
I firste of all to London leaue
because I there was bred:
Braue buildyngs rare, of Churches4 store,
and Pauls to the head.
Betweene the same: fayre streats5 there bée,
and people goodly store:
Because their keeping craueth cost,
I yet wil leaue him more.
First for their foode, I Butchers leaue,
that euery day shall kyll:
and Bakers at your wyll.
And such as orders doo obserue,
and eat fish thrice a weeke:
I leaue two Stréets, full fraught therwith,
they neede not farre to seeke.
I full of Wollen leaue:
And Linnen store in Friday stréete,
if they mée not deceaue.
And those which are of callyng such,
that costlier they require:
I Mercers leaue, with silke so rich,
as any would desyre.
In Cheape of them, they store shal finde
and likewise in that streete:
I Goldsmithes leaue, with Iuels such,
as are for Ladies méete.
And Plate to furnysh Cubbards with,
full braue there shall you finde:
With Purle of Siluer and of Golde,
to satisfye your minde.
With Hoods, Bungraces, Hats or Caps,
such store are in that streete:
As if on ton side you should misse
the tother serues you forte,
For Nets of euery kynd of sort,
I leaue within the pawne:6
French Ruffes, high Purles, Gorgets and (Sléeues
of any kind of Lawne.
For Purse or Kniues, for Combe or Glasse,
or any néedeful knacke
I by the Stoks haue left a Boy,
wil aske you what you lack.
I Hose doo leaue in Birchin Lane,
of any kynd of syse:
For Women stitchte, for men both Trunks
and those of Gascoyne gise.
Bootes, Shoes or Pantables good store,
Saint Martins hath for you:
In Cornwall, there I leaue you Beds,
and all that longe thereto.
For Women shall you Taylors haue,
by Bow, the chiefest dwel:
In euery Lane you some shall finde,
can doo indifferent well.
And for the men, few Stréetes or Lanes,
but Bodymakers bee:
And such as make the swéeping Cloakes,
with Gardes beneth the Knée.
Artyllery at Temple Bar,
and Dagges at Tower hyll:
Swords and Bucklers of the best,
are nyThis text has been supplied. Reason: Smudging dating from the original print process.
Evidence: The text has been supplied based on evidence internal to this text (context,
etc.). (KL)e the Fleete vntyll.
Now when thy Folke are fed and clad
with such as I haue namde:
For daynty mouthes, and stomacks weake
some Iunckets must be framde.
Wherfore I Poticaries leaue,
with Banquets in their Shop:
Phisicians also for the sicke,
Diseases for to stop,
Some Roysters styll, must bide in thée,
and such as cut it out:
That with the guiltlesse quarel wyl,
to let their blood about.
For them I cunning Surgions leaue,
some Playsters to apply.
That Ruffians may not styll be hangde,
nor quiet persons dye.
For Salt, Otemeale, Candles, Sope,
or what you els doo want:
In many places, Shops are full,
I left you nothing scant.
Yf they that kéepe what I you leaue,
aske Mony: when they sell it:
At Mint, there is such store, it is
vnpossible to tell it.
At Stiliarde store of Wines there bée,
your dulled mindes to glad:
And handsome men, that must not wed
except they leaue their trade.
They oft shal séeke for proper Gyrles,
and some perhaps shall fynde:
(That neede compels, or lucre lures
to satisfye their mind.
And neare the same, I houses leaue,
for people to repayre:
To bathe themselues, so to preuent
infection of the ayre.
On Saturdayes I wish that those,
which all the wéeke doo drug:
Shall thyther trudge, to trim them vp
on Sondayes to looke smug.
Yf any other thing be lackt
in thée, I wysh them looke:
For there it is: I little brought
but nothyng from thée tooke.
Now for the people in thee left,
I haue done as I may:
And that the poore, when I am gone,
haue cause for me to pray.
I wyll to prisons portions leaue,
what though but very small:
Yet that they may remember me,
occasion be it shall:
And fyrst the Counter7 they shal haue,
least they should go to wrack:
Some Coggers and some honest men,
that Sergantes draw a back.
And such as Friends wyl not them bayle,
whose coyne is very thin:
For them I leaue a certayne hole,
and little ease within.
The Newgate, once a Monthe shal haue
a sessions for his share:
Least being heapt, Infection might
procure a further care.
And at those sessions some shal skape,
with burning nere the Thumb:
And afterward to beg their fées
tyll they haue got the some.
And such whose deedes deserueth death,
and twelue haue found the same:
They shall be drawne vp Holborne hill,
to come to further shame:
Well, yet to such I leaue a Nag
shal soone their sorowes cease:
For he shal either breake their necks
or gallop from the preace.
The Fléete, not in their circuit is,
yet If I geue him nought:
It might procure his curse, ere I
vnto the ground be brought.
Wherfore I leaue some Papist olde
to vnder prop his roofe:
And to the poore within the same,
a Bore for their behoofe.
What makes you standers by to smile.
and laugh so in your sléeue:
I thinke it is, because that I
to Ludgate nothing geue.
I am not now in case to lye,
here is no place of iest:
I dyd reserue, that for my selfe,
yf I my health possest.
And euer came in credit so
a debtor for to bée.
When dayes of paiment did approch,
I thither ment to flée.
To shroude my selfe amongst the rest,
that chuse to dye in debt:
Rather then any Creditor,
should money from them get.
Yet cause I féele my selfe so weake
that none mée credit dare:
I héere reuoke: and doo it leaue,
some Banckrupts to his share.
To all the Bookebinders by Paulles
because I lyke their Arte:
They ery weeke shal mony haue,
when they from Bookes departe.
Amongst them all, my Printer must,
haue somwhat to his share:
I wyll my Friends these Bookes to bye
of him, with other ware.
FoThis text has been supplied. Reason: Type not (sufficiently) inked. Evidence: The
text has been supplied based on evidence internal to this text (context, etc.). (KL)r Maydens poore, & Widdoers ritch,
do leaue, that oft shall dote:
And by that meanes shal mary them,
to set the Girles aflote.
And wealthy Widdowes wil I leaue,
to help yong Gentylmen:
Which when you haue, in any case
be courteous to them then:
And sée their Plate and Iewells eake
may not be mard with rust.
Nor let their Bags too long be full,
for feare that they doo burst.
To ery Gate vnder the walles,
that compas thée about:
I Fruit wiues leaue to entertayne
such as come in and out.
To Smithfeelde I must something leaue
my Parents there did dwell:
So carelesse for to be of it,
none wolde accompt it well.
Wherfore it thrice a wéeke shall haue,
of Horse and neat good store.
And in his Spitle, blynd and lame,
to dwell for euermore.
And Bedlem must not be forgot,
for that was oft my walke:
I people there too many leaue,
that out of tune doo talke.
At Bridewel there shal Bedelles be,
and Matrones that shal styll
See Chalke wel chopt, and spinning plyde;
aud turning of the Mill.
For such as cannot quiet bee,
but striue for House or Land:
At Th’innes of Court, I Lawyers leaue
to take their cause in hand.
And also leaue I at ech Inne
of Court, or Chauncerye:
Of Gentylmen, a youthfull roote,
full of Actiuytie:
For whom I store of Bookes haue left,
at each Bookebinders stall:
And parte of all that London hath
to furnish them withall.
And when they are with study cloyd:
to recreate theyr minde:
Of Tennis Courts, of dauncing Scooles,
and fence they store shal finde.
And euery Sonday at the least,
I leaue to make them sport.
In diuers places Players, that
of wonders shall reporte.
Now London haue I (for thy sake)
within thee, and without:
As coms into my memory,
dispearsed round about
Such néedfull thinges, as they should haué
héere left now vnto thée:
When I am gon, with consience.
let them dispearced bee.
And though I nothing named haue,
to bury mee withall:
Consider that aboue the ground,
annoyance bee I shall.
And let me haue a shrowding Shéete
to couer mee from shame:
And in obliuyon bury mee
and neuer more mee name.
Ringings nor other Ceremonies,
vse you not for cost:
Nor at my buriall, make no feast,
your mony were but lost.
Reioyce in God that I am gon,
out of this vale so vile.
And that of ech thing, left such store,
as may your wants exile.
I make thee sole executor, because
I lou’de thée best.
And thée I put in trust, to geue
the goodes vnto the rest.
Because thou shalt a helper neede,
In this so great a chardge,
I wysh good Fortune, be thy guide, least
thou shouldst run at lardge.
The happy dayes and quiet times,
they both her Seruants bee.
Which well wyll serue to fetch and bring,
such things as néede to thee.
ℂ Wherfore (good London) not refuse,
for helper her to take:
Thus being weake and wery bōth
an end héere wyll I make.
To all that aske what end I made,
and how I went away:
Thou answer maist: like those which heere,
no longer tary may.
And vnto all that wysh mee well,
or rue that I am gon:
Doo me comend, and bid them cease
my absence for to mone.
And tell them further, if they wolde,
my presence styll haue had:
They should haue sought to mend my luck;
which euer was too bad.
So fare thou well a thousand times,
God shéelde thee from thy foe:
And styll make thée victorious,
of those that séeke thy woe.
And (though I am perswade) that I
shall neuer more thée see:
Yet to the last, I shal not cease
to wish much good to thee.
This, xx. of October I,
in ANNO DOMINI:
A Thousand: v. hundred seuenty three
as Alminacks descry.
Did write this Wyll with mine owne hand
and it to London gaue:
In witnes of the standers by,
whose names yf you wyll haue.
Paper, Pen and Standish were:
at that same present by:
With Time, who promised to reueale,
so fast as she could hye
The same: least of my nearer kyn,
fōr any thing should vary:
So finally I make an end
no longer can I tary.
¶ FINIS. by IS. VV.
Notes
- I.e.,
rue my smart
= ease my pain. (JJ)↑ - I.e.,
swarue
= swerve (i.e., go). (JJ)↑ - I.e.,
mell
= literally,to meddle,
but meaningto have dealings with.
The speaker says that Time will tell those who wait whether it’s better to continue to stay with an undeserving lover or to renounce one’s faith in them. See OED mell v.1, meaning I.a.a and OED defy v.1, meaning 1.a. (JJ)↑ - For a list of churches in early modern London, see
Churches
in the Placeography. (JJ)↑ - For a list of streets in early modern London, see
Streets
in the Placeography. (JJ)↑ - I.e., Royal Exchange. (KL)↑
- Possibly the Wood Street Counter or Southwark Counter. (KL)↑
Cite this page
MLA citation
Whitney, Isabella.
The Will and Testament of Isabella Whitney.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/WILL10.htm.
Chicago citation
Whitney, Isabella.
The Will and Testament of Isabella Whitney.The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/WILL10.htm.
APA citation
Whitney, I. 2022. The Will and Testament of Isabella Whitney. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/WILL10.htm.
RIS file (for RefMan, RefWorks, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Whitney, Isabella ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - The Will and Testament of Isabella Whitney T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/WILL10.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/WILL10.xml ER -
TEI citation
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#WHIT8"><surname>Whitney</surname>, <forename>Isabella</forename></name></author>.
<title level="a">The Will and Testament of Isabella Whitney</title>. <title level="m">The
Map of Early Modern London</title>, Edition <edition>7.0</edition>, edited by <editor><name
ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename> <surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>,
<publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date when="2022-05-05">05 May 2022</date>,
<ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/WILL10.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/WILL10.htm</ref>.</bibl>
Personography
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Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
: Early Evidence for Specialisation. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/. -
Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. U of Victoria. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/Texts/MV/.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed.
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Stewart Arneil
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC) who maintained the Map of London project between 2006 and 2011. Stewart was a co-applicant on the SSHRC Insight Grant for 2012–16.Roles played in the project
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Programmer
Stewart Arneil is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Stewart Arneil is mentioned in the following documents:
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Martin D. Holmes
MDH
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
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Abstract Author
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Author
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Conceptor
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Editor
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Encoder
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Geo-Coordinate Researcher
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Markup Editor
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Post-Conversion Editor
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Programmer
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Proofreader
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Researcher
Contributions by this author
Martin D. Holmes is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Martin D. Holmes is mentioned in the following documents:
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Richard Jones is mentioned in the following documents:
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Isabella Whitney is mentioned in the following documents:
Isabella Whitney authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Whitney, Isabella.
The Manner of Her Will, and What She Left to London.
Women Writers in Renaissance England. Ed. Randall Martin. London: Longman, 1997. 289–302. -
Whitney, Isabella.
The Manner of Her Will.
The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams and Stephen Greenblatt. 7th ed. 2 vols. New York: Norton, 2000. 606–614. -
Whitney, Isabella. Sweet nosegay gathered in a philosophicall garden. Pleasant posye. London: R. Jones, 1573. STC 25440.
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Whitney, Isabella.
The Wyll and Testament of Isabella Whitney.
Renaissance Women Poets: Isabella Whitney, Mary Sidney, and Aemelia Lanyer. Ed. Danielle Clark. London: Penguin, 2000.
Locations
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London is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Paul’s Cathedral
St. Paul’s Cathedral was—and remains—an important church in London. In 962, while London was occupied by the Danes, St. Paul’s monastery was burnt and raised anew. The church survived the Norman conquest of 1066, but in 1087 it was burnt again. An ambitious Bishop named Maurice took the opportunity to build a new St. Paul’s, even petitioning the king to offer a piece of land belonging to one of his castles (Times 115). The building Maurice initiated would become the cathedral of St. Paul’s which survived until the Great Fire of London.St. Paul’s Cathedral is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Thames
Perhaps more than any other geophysical feature, the Thames river has directly affected London’s growth and rise to prominence; historically, the city’s economic, political, and military importance was dependent on its riverine location. As a tidal river, connected to the North Sea, the Thames allowed for transportation to and from the outside world; and, as the longest river in England, bordering on nine counties, it linked London to the country’s interior. Indeed, without the Thames, London would not exist as one of Europe’s most influential cities. The Thames, however, is notable for its dichotomous nature: it is both a natural phenomenon and a cultural construct; it lives in geological time but has been the measure of human history; and the city was built around the river, but the river has been reshaped by the city and its inhabitants.The Thames is mentioned in the following documents:
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Watling Street
Watling Street ran east-west between St. Sythes Lane in Cordwainer Street Ward and Old Change in Bread Street Ward. It is visible on the Agas map under the labelWatlinge ſtreat.
Stow records that the street is also commonly known asNoble Street
(Stow 1598, sig. O4v). This should not lead to confusion with Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward. There is an etymological explanation for this crossover of names. According to Ekwall, the nameWatling
ultimately derives from an Old English word meaningking’s son
(Ekwall 81-82). Watling Street remains distinct from the Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward.Watling Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Candlewick Street
Candlewick, Candlewright, or, later, Cannon Street, ran east-west from Walbrook Street in the west to the beginning of Eastcheap at its eastern terminus. Candlewick Street became Eastcheap somewhere around St. Clements Lane, and led into a great meat market (Stow 1:217). Together with streets such as Budge Row, Watling Street, and Tower Street, which all joined into each other, Candlewick Street formed the main east-west road through London between Ludgate and Posterngate.Candlewick Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Friday Street
Friday Street passed south through Bread Street Ward, beginning at the cross in Cheapside Street and ending at Old Fish Street. It was one of many streets that ran into Cheapside Street market whose name is believed to originate from the goods that were sold there.Friday Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cheap Ward
Cheap Ward is west of Bassinghall Ward and Coleman Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Cheapside, are named after West Cheap (the market).Cheap Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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Royal Exchange
Located in Broad Street Ward and Cornhill Ward, the Royal Exchange was opened in 1570 to make business more convenient for merchants and tradesmen (Harben 512). The construction of the Royal Exchange was largely funded by Sir Thomas Gresham (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 718).Royal Exchange is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stocks Market
The Stocks Market was a significant market forfish and flesh
in early modern London, located south of Poultry, north of Bucklersbury, and west of Walbrook Street in Cornhill Ward (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 879). The building of the Stocks Market was commissioned by Henry le Wales in 1283 and, according to the editors of The London Encyclopedia, is named after thethe only fixed pair of stocks in the city
(Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 879). It was destroyed in the Great Fire, rebuilt, and then replaced in 1739 by the Mansion House, which is the official residence of the Lord Mayor of London.Stocks Market is mentioned in the following documents:
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Birchin Lane
Birchin Lane was a short street running north-south between Cornhill Street and Lombard Street. The north end of Birchin Lane lay in Cornhill Ward, and the south end in Langbourne Ward.Birchin Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand)
St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand) ran north-south between St. Anne’s Lane and Cheapside Street and was located at the western edge of Aldersgate Ward. The street takes its name from the church of St. Martin’s le Grand located to the east of the street. This portion of the Agas map is labelledS. Martins
referring to either or both the church and the street. This street is not to be confused with St. Martin’s Lane (Strand) or St. Martin’s Lane (Bridge Within Ward).St. Martin’s Lane (le Grand) is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bow Lane
Bow Lane ran north-south between Cheapside Street and Old Fish Street in the ward of Cordwainer Street. At Watling Street, it became Cordwainer Street, and at Old Fish Street it became Garlick Hill. Garlick Hill-Bow Lane was built in the 890s to provide access from the port of Queenhithe to the great market of Cheapside Street (Sheppard 70–71).Bow Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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Temple Bar
Temple Bar was one of the principle entrances to the city of London, dividing the Strand to the west and Fleet Street to the east. It was an ancient right of way and toll gate. Walter Thornbury dates the wooden gate structure shown in the Agas Map to the early Tudor period, and describes a number of historical pageants that processed through it, including the funeral procession of Henry V, and it was the scene of King James I’s first entry to the city (Thornbury 1878). The wooden structure was demolished in 1670 and a stone gate built in its place (Sugden 505).Temple Bar is mentioned in the following documents:
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Tower Hill
Tower Hill was a large area of open ground north and west of the Tower of London. It is most famous as a place of execution; there was a permanent scaffold and gallows on the hillfor the execution of such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of London
(Stow).Tower Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fleet Street
Fleet Street runs east-west from Temple Bar to Fleet Hill or Ludgate Hill, and is named for the Fleet River. The road has existed since at least the twelfth century (Sugden 195) and known since the fourteenth century as Fleet Street (Beresford 26). It was the location of numerous taverns including the Mitre and the Star and the Ram.Fleet Street is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Steelyard
The Steelyard was the chief outpost of the Hanseatic League in the city of London. Located on the north side of the River Thames, slightly west of London Bridge, the Steelyard was home to many wealthy German merchants from the thirteenth century to the end of the sixteenth century. Although it was a powerful economic force in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries, by the time of Elizabeth’s reign, piracy and economic sanctions had rendered the once great Steelyard obsolete (Lloyd 344-345).The Steelyard is mentioned in the following documents:
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Wood Street Counter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Southwark Counter is mentioned in the following documents:
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Newgate
The gaol at Newgate, a western gate in the Roman Wall of London, was constructed in the twelfth century specifically to detainfellons and trespassors
awaiting trial by royal judges (Durston 470; O’Donnell 25; Stow 1598, sig. C8r). The gradual centralisation of the English criminal justice system meant that by the reign of Elizabeth I, Newgate had become London’s most populated gaol. In the early modern period, incarceration was rarely conceived of as a punishment in itself; rather, gaols like Newgate were more like holding cells, where inmates spent time until their trials or punishments were effected, or their debts were paid off.Newgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Holborn Hill is mentioned in the following documents:
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Fleet Prison is mentioned in the following documents:
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Ludgate
Located in Farringdon Within Ward, Ludgate was a gate built by the Romans (Carlin and Belcher 80). Stow asserts that Ludgate was constructed by King Lud who named the gate after himselffor his owne honor
(Stow 1:1).Ludgate is mentioned in the following documents:
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Smithfield
Smithfield was an open, grassy area located outside the Wall. Because of its location close to the city centre, Smithfield was used as a site for markets, tournaments, and public executions. From 1123 to 1855, the Bartholomew’s Fair took place at Smithfield (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 842).Smithfield is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bethlehem Hospital
Although its name evokes the pandemonium of the archetypal madhouse, Bethlehem (Bethlem, Bedlam) Hospital was not always an asylum. As Stow tells us, Saint Mary of Bethlehem began as aPriorie of Cannons with brethren and sisters,
founded in 1247 by Simon Fitzmary,one of the Sheriffes of London
(Stow 1:164). We know from Stow’s Survey that the hospital, part of Bishopsgate ward (without), resided on the west side of Bishopsgate Street, just north of St. Botolph without Bishopsgate (Stow 1:165).Bethlehem Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bridewell
Bridewell was a prison and hospital. The site was originally a royal palace (Bridewell Palace) but was transferred to the City of London in 1553, when it was converted to function as an orphanage and house of correction. Bridewell is located on the Agas map at the corner of the Thames and Fleet Ditch, labelled asBride Well.
Bridewell is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Inns of Court
The four principal constituents of the Inns of Court were:The Inns of Court is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Mercers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Mercers
The Mercers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Mercers were first in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Mercers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.mercers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Goldsmiths’ Company
Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths
The Goldsmiths’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Goldsmiths were fifth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths is still active and maintains a website at https://www.thegoldsmiths.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and explains the company’s role in the annual Trial of the Pyx.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Merchant Taylors’ Company
Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors
The Merchant Taylors’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. Since 1484, the Merchant Taylors and the Skinners have alternated precedence annually; the Merchant Taylors are now sixth in precedence in odd years and seventh in even years, changing precedence at Easter. The Worshipful Company of Merchant Taylors is still active and maintains a website at http://www.merchanttaylors.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and a list of historical milestones.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bakers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Bakers
The Bakers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Bakers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.bakers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Brewers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Brewers
The Brewers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Brewers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.brewershall.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Butchers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Butchers
The Butchers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Butchers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.butchershall.com/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Plaisterers’ Company
Worshipful Company of Plaisterers
The Plaisterers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Plaisterers is still active and maintains a website at https://plaistererslivery.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Roles played in the project
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First Encoders
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Transcriber
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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