Christ’s Hospital
¶Location
Located in the northwestern corner of London in the ward of Farringdon Within, Christ’s Hospital and Christ Church lay just north of Newgate Market and St. Nicholas Shambles and to the west of St. Martin’s Lane. To the north, the City Wall followed the Town Ditch, which remained an open sewer until it was covered in 1553 for the opening of the hospital (Pearce 46-47). To add to the collection of unpleasantly named landmarks around the site, Stinking Lane, sometimes referred to as Foul Lane (which was likely named for its proximity to the sewer) lay just east of the Hospital
(Pearce 46). The site of the hospital was originally occupied by the priory of Grey Friars, and is still labelled as such on the Agas Map, suggesting that the name remained
in the minds of Londoners long after the site changed ownership. The priory dated
back to the early 13th century after a group of Franciscan friars arrived in England (Pearce 2). The Greyfriars were dissolved on 12 November 1538, as part of Henry VIII’s suppression of religious houses. Though it was gifted to the city by the king in
1546, it sat empty for many years. What occurred at the site between 1546 and 1552 is largely unknown (Slack 230).
¶History
At the time of the dissolution, both Henry VIII and the leaders of the City of London acknowledged the need for a better method of aiding the poor and disabled. Following
the Reformation, attitudes toward the city’s poor began to change. In a Catholic England, almsgiving was the traditional and widely accepted technique for assisting the needy.
But following the break with Rome, the downgrading of the doctrine of
Good Works,and the growing numbers of poor crowding into the city, Londoners saw the need for permanent hospitals as both their Christian duty and a civic responsibility. Though first granted to the City by Henry VIII, the five royal hospitals of London were officially founded under Edward VI. These included St. Bartholomew’s for the sick, St. Thomas’s for the disabled and those too old to work, Bridewell for the idle, Bethlehem for the mentally ill, and Christ’s Hospital for the orphans (Slack 231).
In January of 1552, Dr. Nicholas Ridley, Bishop of London, preached at Whitehall on the subject of charity, specifically calling for wealthy Londoners to help the
poor of London (Manzione 33). Edward VI was present at the sermon and was immediately moved by Ridley’s speech, requesting a meeting with the bishop regarding plans to best alleviate
the sufferings of London’s poor. Edward VI gave letters for Ridley to pass on to Lord Mayor Richard Dobbys concerning his wishes, and thirty men consisting of aldermen and citizens then formed
a committee to create a hospital at the king’s request. The aldermen were to investigate
the types of poor throughout their wards in order to decide what kinds of people were
most deserving of aid. St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, given to the city in 1544 (Slack 235), was already serving the poor at this time, but, with room only to house one hundred
people, its resources quickly became strained and the need for another hospital in
London was recognized (Manzione 32).
¶Admission
Beginning with 380 children, Christ’s Hospital opened in November of 1552 (
Our History and Governance). The hospital was one of Edward VI’s last projects as king. He officially chartered Christ’s Hospital on 26 June 1553, only days before his death on 6 July (Manzione 32). Originally, the admissions standards of the hospital were extremely strict. Policies published in 1556 mandated that only the children of London freemen could be officially admitted to the hospital (Coldham 6); they were expected to have a certificate from their parish signed by an alderman that verified they were baptized as Christians and not born out of wedlock (Pearce 40). The city had a legal responsibility for the children of the citizens of London, and Christ’s Hospital was therefore intended to be a charitable organization for children of proper Londoners only. In the 16th century, however, with a rapidly increasing population, more
foreign-born(specifically meaning from outside the city, not from abroad) children were being brought to London and abandoned. Christ’s Hospital felt the need to respond to the rising number of orphaned children within the city. As a result, in despite of their official admission policies, Christ’s Hospital occasionally admitted children who did not conform to their guidelines. By the 17th century, roughly 10% of children at the hospital were considered
foundlings,or children who were completely abandoned by their parents (Manzione 140). Because of a desire to admit as many children as possible, the hospital lacked the funds to care for all those admitted. Christ’s Hospital thus had to tighten its admissions criteria during certain years. In 1607, the governors announced that no foreign-born children would be admitted unless
upon great consideration(Pearce 41). In 1624, no foreign-born child under four years old could be admitted, and, in 1640, no children younger than three years old would be received by the hospital under any circumstances (Pearce 41). The strictness of the age requirements reflected the tremendous expenses required to raise the very young. Infants needed wet nurses to care for them in the country until they were weaned (significantly more supervision than school-aged children required) and then roughly fifteen years of costly resources until they could be apprenticed, put in service, or possibly sent to university. Thus, to curb these kinds of extra expenses, Christ’s Hospital placed an age limit on the children admitted. Interestingly, over time the hospital loosened its proscriptions regarding the status of eligible children. Instead of restricting the hospital to the orphans of citizens, as originally intended, a more flexible approach was adopted even during the years when space and funds were limited.
¶Uniform
Ensuring that the children appeared well dressed to the public was crucial for Christ’s Hospital, because the leaders wanted to show Londoners that their donations were being put
to good use (Manzione 37). Doing so could help bolster the donations from sympathetic citizens on which the
hospital depended. To ensure that they always looked tidy and well kept, the children
would receive at least one new set of clothes a year at Easter (Manzione 37). The year Christ’s Hospital opened, Stow described the children as dressed in
russet,but they soon after were dressed only in blue (Stow 1: 319). This resulted in the site being called the
blue coat hospital,and the children
blue coatsor simply
blues.The academic uniforms consisted of long, blue velvet coats that hung loose to the heels, a black cap, a yellow smock, a red belt, yellow stockings, and low heeled shoes with a buckle (Manzione 35-36). Yellow stockings were chosen because it was believed that yellow warded off lice (Manzione 36). The concern over lice and other pests must have been significant at the hospital, because in 1638 it was decided that the linings of the coats would also be made yellow
to avoid vermin by reason the white cotton is held to breed the same(Pearce 187). The children’s coats were adorned with metal buttons displaying the head of Edward VI (Pearce 187). Girls were dressed in clothing similar to the boys. They were described as wearing a blue coat that was open in the front to show a yellow petticoat with a blue, green, or white apron wrapped around the front, and a white, close fitting cap (Manzione 36). During the early years, Christ’s Hospital generally treated their male and female children equally. In addition to their similar style of dress, both boys and girls attended the same services at Christchurch, were educated at the hospital’s school, and had their meals in the same hall (Pearce 168-169).
¶Donations and Expenditures
Because Christ’s Hospital was a charitable organization depending on the donations of citizens and others,
there were many years where financial ruin loomed. However, in the early years, it
was flooded with enthusiastic donations. For example, more than six thousand pounds
were raised by the citizens for Christ’s Hospital and St. Thomas’s Hospital between the winter of 1552 and the summer of 1554 (Manzione 34). After the excitement over opening the hospital faded and Edward VI was no longer present to garner support, donations slowed to a trickle. As a result,
there were few long-term sources of revenue, income becoming unpredictable each year.
With about £2,751 in credit and £2,745 in debt accumulated annually between 1553 and 1597, Christ’s Hospital struggled to stay afloat (Manzione 77). The hospitalʼs main sources of income were from parish collections, Blackwell Hall, rents from various properties, legacies left by individuals, donations from the
car men of London, burial charges, and income from Worsted Hall (Manzione 80). Parish collections and income from Blackwell Hall were by far the most significant, accounting for nearly two-thirds of Christ’s Hospital’s revenue (Manzione 72). Collections from the parishes varied greatly from year to year, however, depending
on the resources and generosity of Londoners. Generating £757 annually, Blackwell Hall provided the second largest source of income through the sale of woolen clothes from
which the hospital was given a share of the profits (Manzione 82). The last significant source of income was from the various properties rented out
by Christ’s Hospital throughout London, such as houses, tenements, and agricultural plots that provided about £231 annually
(Manzione 82).
Like its income, the hospital’s expenditures were equally complicated and changed
drastically each year. The largest regular expenditure was the payment of the nursing
staff, followed by the vague category of
necessaries,such as food, pensions, and clothing (Manzione 98). The 1553 record of expenditures lists a few of these
necessaries,including ink, rope, baskets, soap, and money paid to a physician (Manzione 104). It seems that this term was a catchall for any unexpected purchases for the hospital. Nearly half of the money spent on food went to the purchase of wheat and bread, with the remaining 52% going to meat, spirits, butter, cheese, milk, and fish (Manzione 102). Though seemingly unrelated to its purpose as a hospital for fatherless children, Christ’s Hospital was also responsible for giving allowances or pensions to groups of people like the elderly or disabled who were deemed prone to beggary. Six hundred
decayed householderswere given a weekly pension by the hospital (Pearce 28). Pensions were the fourth largest expenditure of the hospital, payments averaging £248 a year and making up nearly 13% of the budget (Manzione 109).
¶Education
Though Christ’s Hospital was known as a home for fatherless children, it offered more to its inhabitants than
just meals and a bed; the hospital boasted a respected school. The schoolmasters at
Christ’s Hospital were highly regarded and were considered extremely learned. Some pupils, referred
to as
day-boys,were the children of citizens who attended the school at Christ’s Hospital for a fee (Pearce 206). Based on their salaries of £15 a year in 1552 (the highest pay given to any employee of the hospital that year), it can be deduced that schoolmasters held a prestigious position at Christ’s Hospital (Pearce 24). The school established a high academic standard that rivalled other schools in London at the time (Coldham 7). Students were taught by a grammar master, a writing master, elementary teachers, and a music master. The elementary students were separated from the older students and had their own master responsible for teaching basic reading to the
petites(Pearce 146). All of the older children had their own writing teacher. In addition to learning how to read and write, most of the children were taught a skill or trade to prepare them for later life. For example, the leaders of Christ’s Hospital saw the importance of music training for their students. Because no music master is identified in the records, it is likely that one of the teachers taught music in addition to their main duties (Pearce 135). Originally, the music master was intended to teach
prickesong,or music that was meant to be sung with the written notes, to about a dozen children who would then sing in the choir of Christ’s Church (Pearce 137). In 1624, the church organist also began to give lessons to a select group of students at the hospital (Pearce 143). Other children, usually girls, were trained in sewing and different forms of needlework, and most of the clothes that the children wore at the hospital were made by students (Pearce 170). Others were trained to spin flax, make pins, and create tapestries and carpets (Pearce 171). The children of Christ’s Hospital would be educated and trained until they were sent off to begin an occupation at age fifteen. Depending on their abilities, students were either placed into work immediately, or became apprentices. The few children who remained at the school past the age of fifteen were educated at the hospital’s grammar school, and the brightest students could then move on to university. The first record of a Christ’s Hospital student attending a university occurred when John Prestmen matriculated at the University of Cambridge in 1556 (Pearce 27). Regardless of their placement after Christ’s Hospital, students were provided rigorous training and an education which afforded them numerous opportunities once they left the school.
¶Governance
Christ’s Hospital was essentially self-governing. It had its own governors, received independent sources
of income, and spent as it saw fit (Manzione 25). The hospital workers were either governors or paid employees. The men who held
the office of governors were often unpaid for their duties, as the voluntary positions
were seen as an impressive charitable act and leadership experience that could then
be used to climb the ranks of city government. The governors were elected yearly to
a wide range of positions and duties including president, treasurer, almoner, renter,
and surveyor. The president of the hospital was the chief governor and was responsible
for fundraising and overseeing the duties of the other governors (Manzione 42). The treasurer predictably kept track of bills, accounting, wages, and inventory
of the hospital (Manzione 46). Almoners had a host of seemingly unrelated tasks, but their duties must have been
deemed similar to the president, only with less power than the other governors. Almoners
had to make sure that the hospital staff were satisfactorily performing their jobs,
that the buildings were well kept, and that the children were receiving proper care
(Manzione 47). The renter was in charge of overseeing the space of the hospital as it pertained
to the hospital’s responsibility for payment of rent, as well as any repairs made
to the hospital (Manzione 48). The surveyors had a similar job to that of the renter, but instead of the hospital
itself, they were concerned with the property being rented out to others. Surveyors
oversaw rented property belonging to Christ’s Hospital, including tenement buildings (Manzione 48). Unlike the voluntary nature of the governor’s work, the other employees were paid
for their services. These positions included a clerk, a matron, nurses, a steward,
a cook, a butler, a porter, beadles, a shoemaker, and the teachers (Manzione 40). Most of the positions are self-explanatory, but the clerk kept records about the
children, the income and expenditure, and the decisions of the governors. Records
were kept on each child concerning their admission and their current whereabouts (in
the hospital, with a nurse, working, or dead). The clerk also kept track of the hospital
staff, the pension program, and donations (Manzione 50). The matron oversaw the nursing staff and the cleanliness of the hospital. She lived
on the grounds, and she personally oversaw the day-to-day concerns with the staff
and supplies (Manzione 51).
¶Disease
Housing so many children and employing numerous staff, Christ’s Hospital was threatened by rampant disease on a number of occasions. Records from 1603 mention the payment of a surgeon for helping children affected by the plague (Pearce 206). In the same year, a quarantine was put into effect at the school, and school masters
and non-resident students were not permitted to enter in an attempt to ward off further
infections. Quarantine was also imposed in 1637 and 1665 (Pearce 207). The rapid spread of disease was attributed to the proximity of the school to slaughterhouses
and the high density of children in the walls of the hospital, as well as the large
number of workers coming in and out of Christ’s Hospital (Pearce 208).
¶Literary References
Christ’s Hospital is mentioned in a handful of early modern plays, with one play actually set on site.
Robert Armin’s The History of the Two Maids of More-clacke tells the story of
John in the hospitall,a clown character who winds up in Christ’s Hospital by working as a guide for his blind mother (The Christ’s Hospital Book 13). The playbook’s title page appears to show John dressed in the Christ’s Hospital uniform. In Thomas Middleton’s The Widow, one of the widow’s suitors mentions that his bastard children are well cared for in Christ’s Hospital, while in Ben Jonson’s Every Man in His Humour, the character Kitely explains that Cash was a foundling who was sent to Christ’s Hospital to be raised. In Thomas Heywood’s Edward VI, the character John Crosbie admits to having been raised in Christ’s Hospital (Sugden 118). This is anachronistic, of course, as Christ’s Hospital was only formed in the last months of Edward VI’s reign. References to the hospital in these plays suggest that it was viewed as both a safe haven for children to be raised and a place where irresponsible men could hide their illegitimate children.
¶The 17th Century and Beyond
The Great Fire of London caused severe damage to the site, but parts of the hospital survived. Though the
church itself was consumed, four cloisters and three wards toward the west were unaffected
(Pearce 208). No children died in the fire because everyone was evacuated to the Nag’s Head
Inn in Islington, a property owned by the hospital (Pearce 209). With the hospital in shambles, few students could return to the original site in
London, so most stayed at another property owned by the hospital in Hertfordshire; Christ’s Hospital would not be fully rebuilt untill the early 18th century (
Our History and Governance).
References
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Citation
Coldham, Peter. Child Apprentices in America: from Christ’s Hospital, London, 1617–1778. Genealogical Pub. Co., 1990. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Manzione, Carol Kazmierczak. Christ’s Hospital of London, 1552–1598: a Passing Deed of Pity. Cranbury: Susquehanna UP, 1995. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Our History and Governance.
Christ’s Hospital. https://www.christs-hospital.org.uk/information/school-policies/our-history-and-governance-feb-19/.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Pearce, Ernest Harold. Annals of Christ’s Hospital. London: Hugh Rees, 1908. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Slack, Paul.Hospitals, Workhouses, and the Relief of the Poor in Early Modern London.
Health Care and Poor Relief in Protestant Europe. Routledge, 1997. 234–251. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Citation
Sugden, Edward. A Topographical Dictionary to the Works of Shakespeare and His Fellow Dramatists. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1925. Remediated by Internet Archive.This item is cited in the following documents:
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The Christ’s Hospital Book. London: Published for a committee of Old Blues by H. Hamilton, 1953. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).Roles played in the project
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Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
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The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
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Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
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Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
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Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
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Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
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Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
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Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. Open.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed. Web.
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Chris Highley is a Professor of English at The Ohio State University. He grew up near Manchester in the north of England. After studying English at the University of Sussex, he earned his Masters and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Southern California and Stanford University (1991) respectively. He specializes in Early Modern literature, culture, and history. He is the author of Shakespeare, Spenser, and the Crisis in Ireland (Cambridge University Press, 1997) and Catholics Writing the Nation in Early Modern Britain and Ireland (Oxford University Press, 2008), and co-editor of Henry VIII and his Afterlives (Cambridge University Press, 2009). He is currently working on two unrelated projects: the posthumous image of Henry VIII, and the history of the Blackfriars neighborhood in early modern London.Roles played in the project
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Christopher Highley is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Christopher Highley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Martin D. Holmes
MDH
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
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Abstract Author
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Author
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Author of abstract
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Conceptor
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Editor
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Encoder
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Markup editor
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Name Encoder
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Post-conversion and Markup Editor
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Post-conversion processing and markup correction
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Programmer
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Proofreader
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Researcher
Contributions by this author
Martin D. Holmes is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Martin D. Holmes is mentioned in the following documents:
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Brenna Hubschman
Student contributor enrolled in Medieval and Renaissance Studies 4217: Early Modern London: Urban Spaces and Popular Culture at University of Ohio in Fall 2018, working under the guest editorship of Christopher Highley.Roles played in the project
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Author
Contributions by this author
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Robert Armin is mentioned in the following documents:
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Edward VI
Edward This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 6VI King of England King of Ireland
(b. 12 October 1537, d. 6 July 1553)Edward VI is mentioned in the following documents:
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Nicholas Ridley
Nicholas Ridley Bishop of Rochester Bishop of London and Westminster
(b. 1500, d. 16 October 1555)Nicholas Ridley is mentioned in the following documents:
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Henry VIII
Henry This numeral is a Roman numeral. The Arabic equivalent is 8VIII King of England King of Ireland
(b. 28 June 1491, d. 28 January 1547)King of England and Ireland 1509-1547.Henry VIII is mentioned in the following documents:
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Thomas Heywood is mentioned in the following documents:
Thomas Heywood authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Heywood, Thomas. The Captives; or, The Lost Recovered. Ed. Alexander Corbin Judson. New Haven: Yale UP, 1921. Print.
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Heywood, Thomas. The First and Second Parts of King Edward IV. Ed. Richard Rowland. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2005. The Revels Plays.
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Heywood, Thomas. The Second Part of, If you know not me, you know no bodie. VVith the building of the Royall Exchange: And the Famous Victorie of Queene Elizabeth, in the Yeare 1588. London, 1606. STC 13336. EEBO. Web. Subscr.
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Munday, Anthony, Henry Chettle, Thomas Dekker, Thomas Heywood, and William Shakespeare. Sir Thomas More. Ed. Vittorio Gabrieli and Giorgio Melchiori. Revels Plays. Manchester; New York: Manchester UP, 1990. Print.
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Thomas Heywood Heywood’s Dramatic Works. 6 vols. Ed. W.J. Alexander. London: John Pearson, 1874. Print.
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Ben Jonson is mentioned in the following documents:
Ben Jonson authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Chapman, George, Ben Jonson, and John Marston. Eastward Ho! Ed. R.W. Van Fossen. New York: Manchester UP, 1999. Print.
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Dekker, Thomas, Stephen Harrison, Ben Jonson, and Thomas Middleton. The Whole Royal and Magnificent Entertainment of King James through the City of London, 15 March 1604, with the Arches of Triumph. Ed. R. Malcolm Smuts. Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works. Gen. ed. Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. 219–79.
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Gifford, William, ed. The Works of Ben Jonson. By Ben Jonson. Vol. 1. London: Nichol, 1816. Remediated by Internet Archive.
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Jonson, Ben. The Alchemist. London: New Mermaids, 1991. Print.
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Jonson, Ben. Bartholomew Fair. Ed. E.A. Horsman. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1979. Revels Plays. Print.
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Jonson, Ben. Bartholomew Fair. Ed. Suzanne Gossett, based on The Revels Plays edition ed. E.A. Horsman. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2000. Revels Student Editions. Print.
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Jonson, Ben. B. Ion: his part of King Iames his royall and magnificent entertainement through his honorable cittie of London, Thurseday the 15. of March. 1603 so much as was presented in the first and last of their triumphall arch’s. London, 1604. STC 14756. EEBO.
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Jonson, Ben. The Complete Poetry of Ben Jonson. Ed. William B. Hunter. Stuart Edtions. New York: New YorkUP, 1963.
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Jonson, Ben. The Devil is an Ass. Ed. Peter Happé. Manchester and New York: Manchester UP, 1996. Revels Plays. Print.
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Jonson, Ben. Epicene. Ed. Richard Dutton. Revels Plays. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2004. Print.
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Jonson, Ben. Every Man Out of His Humour. Ed. Helen Ostovich. Manchester: Manchester UP, 2001. Print.
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Jonson, Ben. The First, of Blacknesse, Personated at the Court, at White-hall, on the Twelfth Night, 1605. The Characters of Two Royall Masques: The One of Blacknesse, the Other of Beautie. Personated by the Most Magnificent of Queenes Anne Queene of Great Britaine, &c. with her Honorable Ladyes, 1605 and 1608 at White-hall. London : For Thomas Thorp, and are to be Sold at the Signe of the Tigers Head in Paules Church-yard, 1608. Sig. A3r-C2r. STC 14761. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Jonson, Ben. Oberon, The Faery Prince. The Workes of Benjamin Jonson. Vol. 1. London: Will Stansby, 1616. Sig. 4N2r-2N6r. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Jonson, Ben. The Staple of Newes. The Works. Vol. 2. London: Printed by I.B. for Robert Allot, 1631. Sig. 2A1r-2J2v. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Jonson, Ben. The Staple of News. Ed. Anthony Parr. Manchester; New York: Manchester UP, 1999. Revels Plays. Print.
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Jonson, Ben.
To Penshurst.
The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt, Carol T. Christ, Alfred David, Barbara K. Lewalski, Lawrence Lipking, George M. Logan, Deidre Shauna Lynch, Katharine Eisaman Maus, James Noggle, Jahan Ramazani, Catherine Robson, James Simpson, Jon Stallworthy, Jack Stillinger, and M. H. Abrams. 9th ed. Vol. B. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2012. 1547. -
Jonson, Ben. The vvorkes of Beniamin Ionson. Containing these playes, viz. 1 Bartholomew Fayre. 2 The staple of newes. 3 The Divell is an asse. London, 1641. EEBO. Reprint. Subscr. STC 14754.
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Thomas Middleton is mentioned in the following documents:
Thomas Middleton authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Brissenden, Alan.
Introduction.
A Chaste Maid in Cheapside. By Thomas Middleton. 2nd ed. New Mermaids. London: A&C Black; New York: Norton, 2002. xi–xxxv. Print. -
Dekker, Thomas, Stephen Harrison, Ben Jonson, and Thomas Middleton. The Whole Royal and Magnificent Entertainment of King James through the City of London, 15 March 1604, with the Arches of Triumph. Ed. R. Malcolm Smuts. Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works. Gen. ed. Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. 219–79.
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Middleton, Thomas, and Thomas Dekker. The Roaring Girl. Ed. Paul A. Mulholland. Revels Plays. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1987. Print.
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Middleton, Thomas. A Chaste Maid in Cheapside. Ed. Alan Brissenden. 2nd ed. New Mermaids. London: Benn, 2002.
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Middleton, Thomas. Civitatis Amor. Ed. David Bergeron. Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works. Gen. ed. Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. 1202–8.
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Middleton, Thomas. The Triumphs of Honour and Industry. London: Printed by Nicholas Okes, 1617. STC 17899. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Middleton, Thomas. The Triumphs of Integrity. Ed. David Bergeron. Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works. Gen. ed. Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. 1766–1771.
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Middleton, Thomas. The Triumphs of Love and Antiquity. London: Printed by Nicholas Okes, 1619. STC 17902. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Middleton, Thomas. The Triumphs of Truth. London, 1613. Ed. David M. Bergeron. Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works. Ed. Gary Taylor and John Lavagnino. Oxford: Clarendon, 2007. 968–76.
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Middleton, Thomas. The Triumphs of Truth. London, 1613. STC 17903. Reprint. EEBO. Web.[Differs from STC 17904 in that it does not contain the additional entertainment.]
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Middleton, Thomas. The Triumphs of Truth. London, 1613. STC 17904. Reprint. EEBO. Web. [Differs from STC 17903 in that it contains an additional entertainment celebrating Hugh Middleton’s New River project, known as the Entertainment at Amwell Head.]
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Middleton, Thomas. The Works of Thomas Middleton, now First Collected with Some Account of the Author and notes by The Reverend Alexander Dyce. Ed. Alexander Dyce. London: E. Lumley, 1840. Print.
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Taylor, Gary, and John Lavagnino, eds. Thomas Middleton: The Collected Works. By Thomas Middleton. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2007. The Oxford Middleton. Print.
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John Stow
(b. between 1524 and 1525, d. 1605)Historian and author of A Survey of London. Husband of Elizabeth Stow.John Stow is mentioned in the following documents:
John Stow authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Blome, Richard.
Aldersgate Ward and St. Martins le Grand Liberty Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M3r and sig. M4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Aldgate Ward with its Division into Parishes. Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections & Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3r and sig. H4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Billingsgate Ward and Bridge Ward Within with it’s Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Y2r and sig. Y3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Bishopsgate-street Ward. Taken from the Last Survey and Corrected.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. N1r and sig. N2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Bread Street Ward and Cardwainter Ward with its Division into Parishes Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B3r and sig. B4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Broad Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions, & Cornhill Ward with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, &c.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. P2r and sig. P3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Cheape Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.D1r and sig. D2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Coleman Street Ward and Bashishaw Ward Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G2r and sig. G3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Cow Cross being St Sepulchers Parish Without and the Charterhouse.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Creplegate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Additions, and Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I3r and sig. I4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Farrington Ward Without, with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections & Amendments.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2F3r and sig. 2F4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Lambeth and Christ Church Parish Southwark. Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z1r and sig. Z2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Langborne Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey. & Candlewick Ward with its Division into Parishes. Corrected from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. U3r and sig. U4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of St. Gilles’s Cripple Gate. Without. With Large Additions and Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H2v and sig. H3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of the Parish of St. Dunstans Stepney, als. Stebunheath Divided into Hamlets.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F3r and sig. F4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Map of the Parish of St Mary White Chappel and a Map of the Parish of St Katherines by the Tower.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F2r and sig. F3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of Lime Street Ward. Taken from ye Last Surveys & Corrected.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. M1r and sig. M2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of St. Andrews Holborn Parish as well Within the Liberty as Without.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2I1r and sig. 2I2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parishes of St. Clements Danes, St. Mary Savoy; with the Rolls Liberty and Lincolns Inn, Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.O4v and sig. O1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St. Anns. Taken from the last Survey, with Correction, and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L2v and sig. L3r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St. Giles’s in the Fields Taken from the Last Servey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K1v and sig. K2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Margarets Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig.H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Martins in the Fields Taken from ye Last Survey with Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. I1v and sig. I2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Pauls Covent Garden Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. L3v and sig. L4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
A Mapp of the Parish of St Saviours Southwark and St Georges taken from ye last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. D1r and sig.D2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St. James Clerkenwell taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H3v and sig. H4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St. James’s, Westminster Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. K4v and sig. L1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Parish of St Johns Wapping. The Parish of St Paul Shadwell.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Portsoken Ward being Part of the Parish of St. Buttolphs Aldgate, taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections and Additions.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. B1v and sig. B2r. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Queen Hith Ward and Vintry Ward with their Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2C4r and sig. 2D1v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Shoreditch Norton Folgate, and Crepplegate Without Taken from ye Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. G1r and sig. G2v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Spitt Fields and Plans Adjacent Taken from Last Survey with Locations.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. F4r and sig. G1v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
St. Olave and St. Mary Magdalens Bermondsey Southwark Taken from ye last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. C2r and sig.C3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Tower Street Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. E2r and sig. E3v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
Walbrook Ward and Dowgate Ward with its Division into Parishes, Taken from the Last Surveys.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. 2B3r and sig. 2B4v. [See more information about this map.] -
Blome, Richard.
The Wards of Farington Within and Baynards Castle with its Divisions into Parishes, Taken from the Last Survey, with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Q2r and sig. Q3v. [See more information about this map.] -
The City of London as in Q. Elizabeth’s Time.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece. -
A Map of the Tower Liberty.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.] -
A New Plan of the City of London, Westminster and Southwark.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Frontispiece. -
Pearl, Valerie.
Introduction.
A Survey of London. By John Stow. Ed. H.B. Wheatley. London: Everyman’s Library, 1987. v–xii. Print. -
Pullen, John.
A Map of the Parish of St Mary Rotherhith.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 2. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. Z3r and sig. Z4r. [See more information about this map.] -
Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Henry Holland. THE SVRVAY of LONDON: Containing, The Originall, Antiquitie, Encrease, and more Moderne Estate of the sayd Famous Citie. As also, the Rule and Gouernment thereof (both Ecclesiasticall and Temporall) from time to time. With a briefe Relation of all the memorable Monuments, and other especiall Obseruations, both in and about the same CITIE. Written in the yeere 1598. by Iohn Stow, Citizen of London. Since then, continued, corrected and much enlarged, with many rare and worthy Notes, both of Venerable Antiquity, and later memorie; such, as were neuer published before this present yeere 1618. London: George Purslowe, 1618. STC 23344. Yale University Library copy Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Stow, John, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. THE SURVEY OF LONDON: CONTAINING The Original, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of that City, Methodically set down. With a Memorial of those famouser Acts of Charity, which for publick and Pious Vses have been bestowed by many Worshipfull Citizens and Benefactors. As also all the Ancient and Modern Monuments erected in the Churches, not only of those two famous Cities, LONDON and WESTMINSTER, but (now newly added) Four miles compass. Begun first by the pains and industry of John Stow, in the year 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the year 1618. And now compleatly finished by the study &labour of A.M., H.D. and others, this present year 1633. Whereunto, besides many Additions (as appears by the Contents) are annexed divers Alphabetical Tables, especially two, The first, an index of Things. The second, a Concordance of Names. London: Printed for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345.5. Harvard University Library copy Reprint. Early English Books Online. Web.
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Stow, John. The chronicles of England from Brute vnto this present yeare of Christ. 1580. Collected by Iohn Stow citizen of London. London, 1580. Rpt. EEBO. Web.
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Stow, John. A Summarie of the Chronicles of England. Diligently Collected, Abridged, & Continued vnto this Present Yeere of Christ, 1598. London: Imprinted by Richard Bradocke, 1598. Rpt. EEBO. Web.
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Stow, John. A suruay of London· Conteyning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that city, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Since by the same author increased, with diuers rare notes of antiquity, and published in the yeare, 1603. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. VVith an appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet, 1603. STC 23343. U of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus) copy Reprint. Early English Books Online. Web.
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Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345. U of Victoria copy.
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Stow, John, The survey of London contayning the originall, increase, moderne estate, and government of that city, methodically set downe. With a memoriall of those famouser acts of charity, which for publicke and pious vses have beene bestowed by many worshipfull citizens and benefactors. As also all the ancient and moderne monuments erected in the churches, not onely of those two famous cities, London and Westminster, but (now newly added) foure miles compasse. Begunne first by the paines and industry of Iohn Stovv, in the yeere 1598. Afterwards inlarged by the care and diligence of A.M. in the yeere 1618. And now completely finished by the study and labour of A.M. H.D. and others, this present yeere 1633. Whereunto, besides many additions (as appeares by the contents) are annexed divers alphabeticall tables; especially two: the first, an index of things. The second, a concordance of names. London: Printed by Elizabeth Purslovv [i.e., Purslow] for Nicholas Bourne, 1633. STC 23345. British Library copy Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online.
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Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online. [Kingsford edition, courtesy of The Centre for Metropolitan History. Articles written 2011 or later cite from this searchable transcription.]
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. 23341. Transcribed by EEBO-TCP.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed. Web.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Folger Shakespeare Library.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ &nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet for John Wolfe, 1598. STC 23341. Huntington Library copy. Reprint. EEBO. Web.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Coteyning the Originall, Antiquity, Increaſe, Moderne eſtate, and deſcription of that City, written in the yeare 1598, by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Since by the ſame Author increaſed with diuers rare notes of Antiquity, and publiſhed in the yeare, 1603. Alſo an Apologie (or defence) againſt the opinion of ſome men, concerning that Citie, the greatneſſe thereof. With an Appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de ſitu & nobilitae Londini: Writen by William Fitzſtephen, in the raigne of Henry the ſecond. London: John Windet, 1603. U of Victoria copy. Print.
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Strype, John, John Stow, Anthony Munday, and Humphrey Dyson. A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster. Vol. 2. London, 1720. Remediated by The Making of the Modern World.
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Strype, John, John Stow. A SURVEY OF THE CITIES OF LONDON and WESTMINSTER, And the Borough of SOUTHWARK. CONTAINING The Original, Antiquity, Increase, present State and Government of those CITIES. Written at first in the Year 1698, By John Stow, Citizen and Native of London. Corrected, Improved, and very much Enlarged, in the Year 1720, By JOHN STRYPE, M.A. A NATIVE ALSO OF THE SAID CITY. The Survey and History brought down to the present Time BY CAREFUL HANDS. Illustrated with exact Maps of the City and Suburbs, and of all the Wards; and, likewise, of the Out-Parishes of London and Westminster, and the Country ten Miles round London. Together with many fair Draughts of the most Eminent Buildings. The Life of the Author, written by Mr. Strype, is prefixed; And, at the End is added, an APPENDIX Of certain Tracts, Discourses, and Remarks on the State of the City of London. 6th ed. 2 vols. London: Printed for W. Innys and J. Richardson, J. and P. Knapton, and S. Birt, R. Ware, T. and T. Longman, and seven others, 1754–55. ESTC T150145.
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Strype, John, John Stow. A survey of the cities of London and Westminster: containing the original, antiquity, increase, modern estate and government of those cities. Written at first in the year MDXCVIII. By John Stow, citizen and native of London. Since reprinted and augmented by A.M. H.D. and other. Now lastly, corrected, improved, and very much enlarged: and the survey and history brought down from the year 1633, (being near fourscore years since it was last printed) to the present time; by John Strype, M.A. a native also of the said city. Illustrated with exact maps of the city and suburbs, and of all the wards; and likewise of the out-parishes of London and Westminster: together with many other fair draughts of the more eminent and publick edifices and monuments. In six books. To which is prefixed, the life of the author, writ by the editor. At the end is added, an appendiz of certain tracts, discourses and remarks, concerning the state of the city of London. Together with a perambulation, or circuit-walk four or five miles round about London, to the parish churches: describing the monuments of the dead there interred: with other antiquities observable in those places. And concluding with a second appendix, as a supply and review: and a large index of the whole work. 2 vols. London : Printed for A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. ESTC T48975.
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The Tower and St. Catherins Taken from the Last Survey with Corrections.
A Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster: Containing the Original, Antiquity, Increase, Modern Estate and Government of those Cities. By John Stow and John Strype. Vol. 1. London: A. Churchill, J. Knapton, R. Knaplock, J. Walthoe, E. Horne, B. Tooke, D. Midwinter, B. Cowse, R. Robinson, and T. Ward, 1720. Insert between sig. H4v and sig. I1r. [See more information about this map.] -
Wheatley, Henry Benjamin.
Introduction.
A Survey of London. 1603. By John Stow. London: J.M. Dent and Sons, 1912. Print.
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Sir Richard Dobbys
Sir Richard Dobbys Sheriff Mayor
(d. 1556)Sheriff of London 1543-1544. Mayor 1551-1552. Member of the Skinners’ Company. Monument at St. Margaret Moses.Sir Richard Dobbys is mentioned in the following documents:
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John
Dramatic character in Robert Armin’s The History of the Two Maids of More-clacke.John is mentioned in the following documents:
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Kitely
Dramatic character in Ben Jonson’s Every Man in his Humour.Kitely is mentioned in the following documents:
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Cash
Dramatic character in Ben Jonson’s Every Man in his Humour.Cash is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Prestmen
Ward at Christ’s Hospital. Went on to matriculate at Cambridge University.John Prestmen is mentioned in the following documents:
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John Crosbie
Dramatic character in William Shakespeare’s Henry VI.John Crosbie is mentioned in the following documents:
Locations
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Farringdon Within Ward
MoEML is aware that the ward boundaries are inaccurate for a number of wards. We are working on redrawing the boundaries. This page offers a diplomatic transcription of the opening section of John Stow’s description of this ward from his Survey of London.Farringdon Within Ward is mentioned in the following documents:
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London is mentioned in the following documents:
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Christ Church is mentioned in the following documents:
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Newgate Market is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Nicholas Shambles is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Martin’s Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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The Wall
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow ashigh and great
(Stow 1: 8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spacesoutside the wall.
The Wall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Town Ditch
A ditch to the north of Christ’s Hospital, filled in by 1552.Town Ditch is mentioned in the following documents:
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Stinking Lane
North out of Newgate, Stinking Lane runs parallel to both Pentecost Lane and Butchers’ Alley. Ekwall notes Stinking Lane as a euphemistic variant of Fowle Lane, while Stow notes Stinking Lane was also known as Chick Lane.Stinking Lane is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Bartholomew’s Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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St. Thomas’ Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bridewell
Bridewell, once palace, then prison, was an intriguing site in the early modern period. It changed hands several times before falling into the possession of the City of London to be used as a prison and hospital. The prison is mentioned in many early modern texts, including plays by Jonson and Dekker as well as the surveys and diaries of the period. Bridewell is located on the Agas map at the corner of the Thames and Fleet Ditch, labelled asBride Well.
Bridewell is mentioned in the following documents:
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Bethlehem Hospital
Although its name evokes the pandemonium of the archetypal madhouse, Bethlehem (Bethlem, Bedlam) Hospital was not always an asylum. As Stow tells us, Saint Mary of Bethlehem began as aPriorie of Cannons with brethren and sisters,
founded in 1247 by Simon Fitzmary,one of the Sheriffes of London
(Stow 1: 164). We know from Stow’s Survey that the hospital, part of Bishopsgate ward (without), resided on the west side of Bishopsgate Street, just north of St. Botolph’s church (Stow 1: 165).Bethlehem Hospital is mentioned in the following documents:
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Whitehall
Whitehall Palace, the Palace of Whitehall or simply Whitehall, was one of the most complex and sizeable locations in the entirety of early modern Europe. As the primary place of residence for monarchs from 1529 to 1698, Whitehall was an architectural testament to the shifting sociopolitical, religious, and aesthetic currents of Renaissance England. Edward H. Shugden describes the geospatial location of Whitehall in noting that[i]t lay on the left bank of the Thames, and extended from nearly the point where Westminster Bdge. now crosses the river to Scotland Yard, and from the river back to St. James’s Park
(Sugden 564-565).Whitehall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Blackwell Hall is mentioned in the following documents:
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Islington is mentioned in the following documents:
Organizations
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Corporation of London
The Corporation of London was the municipal government of London, made up of the Mayor of London, the Court of Aldermen, and the Court of Common Council. It exists today in largely the same form.Roles played in the project
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Author
Contributions by this author
This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
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Grey Friars (Franciscans)
The Grey Friars, named for their grey habits or cowls, were an order of franciscan friars founded by St. Francis of Assisi in 1209 and arrived in England from Italy in 1224 (Holder 66). Devoted to following the teachings of St. Francis, the Grey Friars occupied Greyfriars until King Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1538 (Kingsford 2).This organization is mentioned in the following documents:
Variant spellings
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Documents using the spelling
Christ Church
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Documents using the spelling
Chriſtes hoſpitall
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Documents using the spelling
Chriſtes Hoſpitall
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Documents using the spelling
Chriſteſhoſpital
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Documents using the spelling
Chriſtr Hoſpitall
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Documents using the spelling
Christs Hospital
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Documents using the spelling
chriſts Hoſpital
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Documents using the spelling
Chriſts Hoſpital
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Documents using the spelling
Chriſts Hoſpitall
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Documents using the spelling
Christs Hospitall
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Documents using the spelling
Christ’s Hospital
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Documents using the spelling
Christ’s Hospital’s
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Documents using the spelling
Clothworkers’ Hall
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Documents using the spelling
Greyfrairs
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Documents using the spelling
Hoſpitall of Chriſtes Church
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Documents using the spelling
Hospitall of Christs Church