520 Class 9
¶THE CITY OR THE CROWN
Learning Outcomes: Edward IV
gave us the opportunity to begin thinking about the relationship between the
monarch and the city. That Richard III covers some
of the same historical events as Edward IV enables
us to reflect upon Richard Rowland’s conviction that Heywood changed the
history play in the same way that Stow’s Survey
changed the chronicle. I’d like us to think about how London figures in Richard III, which dates from at least five years before
A Survey. We can also discuss the City and
Shakespeare more generally; Shakespeare never wrote a city comedy or a city
tragedy, although he does take up the matter of cities in Measure for Measure, Coriolanus, and Timon of Athens. Only
the history plays are set in London. Is London a significant presence in
Richard III? Is it merely the real backdrop to
historic events, or does it have significance as a civic entity? Finally, I
would like us to consider Richard’s particular trajectory from London in
Acts 1 to 3 to the Court in Acts 4 and 5. How does he change (if at all)
when he is no longer based in London?
Primary Reading: Shakespeare, Richard III
Secondary Reading: Browse the introduction to Siemon’s
edition.
Other References: Daniell. Note! These references are for information only. I may
draw upon them in my discussion, but do not expect you to read them.
Discussion Questions:
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ppearance is paramount in Richard III. David Bevington claims that the Renaissance held
notions of platonic correspondence between outer appearance and inner qualities
(645). Queen Margaret reveals a similar sentiment by hailing Richard asthou that wast sealed in thy nativity / The slave of Nature and the son of Hell
(1.3.228-29). Additionally, the conversation among the citizens in 2.3 suggests that appearance, in some way, determines reality, and that the citizens deserve Richard’s potential danger to them. Does Richard’s appearance—as an outward projection of his inner state—reflect commentary on the English crown or on the city? If he is sent as adivine punishment,
for whom is his punishment intended? (EK) -
Richard’s tyrannical reign is eventually ended through Richmond’s rebellion, bringing peace to England and an end to the War of the Roses. How is this
good
rebellion characterised compared to thebad
rebellion in Heywood’s Edward IV? Are the implications associated with agood rebellion
problematic for an absolute monarchy? (EK) -
It is before the battle of Bosworth Field, when Richard is sleeping in open country and away from London that his ghostly visitors demoralize him by figuring the depth of his self-imposed alienation. What are some ways that the communitas and res publica of London work in Richard’s favour as he makes his way to the throne? What differences between the city and the country might Shakespeare be highlighting in Richard’s character arc? (BB)
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In 3.7, Buckingham and Gloucester stage a show of pious humility for London’s Mayor and his citizen supporters, who have come to acclaim Richard as their king. However, Buckingham’s description of his earlier attempt to rally the citizens shows that the Mayor and his followers (at Baynard’s Castle) may not represent the whole city’s opinion of Richard. By including this detail, what is Shakespeare attempting to highlight regarding the role of the city in king making? If Shakespeare is keeping his London audience in mind as he writes, what might the citizens’ ambivalent response to Buckingham and Gloucester’s claim be intended to convey? (BB)
References
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Citation
Bevington, David, ed. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. 5th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2004. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Citation
Daniell, David.Shakespeare and the City.
Where are We Now in Shakespeare Studies? Ed. W.R. Elton and John M. Mucciolo. The Shakespearean International Yearbook 2. Burlington: Ashgate, 2002. 321–331. Print.This item is cited in the following documents:
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Citation
Shakespeare, William. King Richard III. Ed. James R. Siemon. London: Methuen, 2009. The Arden Shakespeare.This item is cited in the following documents:
Cite this page
MLA citation
520 Class 9.The Map of Early Modern London, edited by , U of Victoria, 15 Sep. 2020, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/NINE1.htm.
Chicago citation
520 Class 9.The Map of Early Modern London. Ed. . Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed September 15, 2020. https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/NINE1.htm.
APA citation
The Map of Early Modern London. Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/NINE1.htm.
, , & 2020. 520 Class 9. In (Ed), RIS file (for RefMan, EndNote etc.)
Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Jenstad, Janelle A1 - Klemic, Emily A1 - Barber, Benjamin ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - 520 Class 9 T2 - The Map of Early Modern London PY - 2020 DA - 2020/09/15 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/NINE1.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/xml/standalone/NINE1.xml ER -
RefWorks
RT Web Page SR Electronic(1) A1 Jenstad, Janelle A1 Klemic, Emily A1 Barber, Benjamin A6 Jenstad, Janelle T1 520 Class 9 T2 The Map of Early Modern London WP 2020 FD 2020/09/15 RD 2020/09/15 PP Victoria PB University of Victoria LA English OL English LK https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/NINE1.htm
TEI citation
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Personography
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Janelle Jenstad
JJ
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).Roles played in the project
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Contributions by this author
Janelle Jenstad is a member of the following organizations and/or groups:
Janelle Jenstad is mentioned in the following documents:
Janelle Jenstad authored or edited the following items in MoEML’s bibliography:
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Jenstad, Janelle.
Building a Gazetteer for Early Modern London, 1550-1650.
Placing Names. Ed. Merrick Lex Berman, Ruth Mostern, and Humphrey Southall. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 2016. 129-145. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Burse and the Merchant’s Purse: Coin, Credit, and the Nation in Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody.
The Elizabethan Theatre XV. Ed. C.E. McGee and A.L. Magnusson. Toronto: P.D. Meany, 2002. 181–202. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Early Modern Literary Studies 8.2 (2002): 5.1–26..The City Cannot Hold You
: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
The Silver Society Journal 10 (1998): 40–43.The Gouldesmythes Storehowse
: Early Evidence for Specialisation. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Lying-in Like a Countess: The Lisle Letters, the Cecil Family, and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside.
Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34 (2004): 373–403. doi:10.1215/10829636–34–2–373. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Public Glory, Private Gilt: The Goldsmiths’ Company and the Spectacle of Punishment.
Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society. Ed. Anne Goldgar and Robert Frost. Leiden: Brill, 2004. 191–217. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Smock Secrets: Birth and Women’s Mysteries on the Early Modern Stage.
Performing Maternity in Early Modern England. Ed. Katherine Moncrief and Kathryn McPherson. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007. 87–99. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Using Early Modern Maps in Literary Studies: Views and Caveats from London.
GeoHumanities: Art, History, Text at the Edge of Place. Ed. Michael Dear, James Ketchum, Sarah Luria, and Doug Richardson. London: Routledge, 2011. Print. -
Jenstad, Janelle.
Versioning John Stow’s A Survey of London, or, What’s New in 1618 and 1633?.
Janelle Jenstad Blog. https://janellejenstad.com/2013/03/20/versioning-john-stows-a-survey-of-london-or-whats-new-in-1618-and-1633/. -
Shakespeare, William. The Merchant of Venice. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Internet Shakespeare Editions. Open.
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Stow, John. A SVRVAY OF LONDON. Contayning the Originall, Antiquity, Increase, Moderne estate, and description of that Citie, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow Citizen of London. Also an Apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that Citie, the greatnesse thereof. With an Appendix, containing in Latine, Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. Ed. Janelle Jenstad and the MoEML Team. MoEML. Transcribed. Web.
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Benjamin Barber
BB
Benjamin Barber is a PhD student at the University of Ottawa. His recently completed MA research at the University of Victoria analyzed the role of mimetic desire, honour, and violence in Heywood’s Edward IV Parts 1 and 2 and Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale. Barber’s current research explores the influence of Shakespearian protagonists on Lord Byron’s characterization of Childe Harold and Don Juan. He has articles forthcoming in Literature and Theology (Oxford UP) and Contagion: Journal of Violence Mimesis and Culture (Michigan State UP). He has also contributed an article to Anthropoetics: The Journal of Generative Anthropology (UCLA).Roles played in the project
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Benjamin Barber is mentioned in the following documents:
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Martin D. Holmes
MDH
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.Roles played in the project
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Emily Klemic
EK
Student contributor enrolled in English 520: Representations of London at the University of Victoria in Summer 2011. MA student, English.Roles played in the project
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Emily Klemic is mentioned in the following documents:
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Locations
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Baynard’s Castle
Located on the banks of the Thames, Baynard’s Castle was built sometime in the late eleventh centuryby Baynard, a Norman who came over with William the Conqueror
(Weinreb and Hibbert 129). The castle passed to Baynard’s heirs until one William Baynard,who by forfeyture for fellonie, lost his Baronie of little Dunmow
(Stow 1: 61). From the time it was built, Baynard’s Castle wasthe headquarters of London’s army until the reign of Edward I
when it washanded over to the Dominican Friars, the Blackfriars whose name is still commemorated along that part of the waterfront
(Hibbert 10).Baynard’s Castle is mentioned in the following documents: