Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes

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Sports and pastimes of old time vsed in this Citie.

LEt vs now saith (Fitz Stephen) come to
the sportes and pastimes,

Of sports and
pastimes in
this Citie eue-
rie thing hath
his time, a
time to weepe
a time to
laugh, a time
to mourne, &
a time to
daunce. Eccles. 3.

séeing it is fitte
that a cittie should not onely be commodi-
ous and serious, but also merrie and sport-
full: whereupon in the seales of the
Popes, vntil the time of Pope Leo, on the
one side was Saint Peter; fishing with a
keye ouer him, reached as it were by the
hande of God out of heauen, and about it
this verse. Tu pro me nauem liquisti, suscipe clauem. And
on the other side was a cittie, and this inscription on it, Aurea
Roma. Likewise to the prayse of Augustus Cesar, and the ci-

tie

tie, in respect of the shewes and sportes was written,

Nocte pluit tota redeunt spectacula mane, &c.

All night it raynes, and showes at morrowtide returne again.
And Cesar with almigtie Ioue hath matcht any equall raigne.
But London for the shews vpon Theaters, & Comical pastimes,
hath holy playes representations of miracles,

Stage playes.

which holy confes-
sors haue wrought, or representations of tormentes wherein the
constancie of Martirs appeared. Euery yeare also at Shrouetuse-
day (that we may beginne with childrens sports, séeing we al haue
béene

Cock fighting.

children) the schoole boyes do bring cockes of the game to
their Mayster, and all the forenoone they delight themselues in
cockfighting: after dinner all the youthes goe into the fieldes, to
play at the ball. The schollers of euery schoole haue their ball (or
bastion) in their

Ball play.

hands: the auncient and wealthy men of the Citie
come forth on horsebacke to sée the sport of the young men, and to
take parte of the pleasure in beholding their agilitie. Euery Fry-
day in Lent a fresh company of young men comes into the fielde
on horsebacke,

Exercise of war
like feates on
horsebacke
with disarmed
launces.

and the best horsemen conducteth the rest. Then
march forth the citizens sonnes, and other young men with disar-
med launces and shieldes, and there they practise feates of warre.
Many Courtiers likewise when the king lyeth néere, and atten-
dants of noble men do repayre to these exercises, and while the hope
of victorie doth inflame their mindes, do shew good proofe how ser-
uiceable they

Battailes on
water.

would bee in martiall affayres. In Easter holidaies
they fight battailes on the water, a shield is hanged vpon a pole,
fixed in the midst of the streame, a boat is prepared without oares
to be carryed by violence of the water, and in the fore part thereof
standeth a young man, readie to giue charge vpon the shield with
his launce: if so be he breaketh his launce against the shield, and
doth not fall, he is thought to haue performed a worthy déede. If
so be (without breaking his launce, hee runneth strongly against
the shield, downe hee falleth into the water, for the boate is vio-
lently forced with the tide, but on each side of the shielde ride two
boates furnished with young men, which recouer him that falleth
as soone as they may, Upon the bridge, wharfes, and houses,
by the

Leaping, dan-
cing, shooting
wrestling,

riuers side, stand great numbers to sée, and laugh thereat.
In the holy dayes all sommer the youths are exercised in leaping,
dancing, shooting, wrastling, casting the stone, and practizing their

shields

shieldes: the maydens trippe it with their Timbrelles,

Dauncing.

and daunce
as long as they can well sée. In winter euery holy

Fighting of
Boars, bayting
of Beares and
Bulles.

day before
dinner, the Boares prepared for brawne are set to fight, or els
Bulles and Beares are bayted.

When the great fenne or Moore (which watereth

The More
field when
there was no
ditch by the
wall of the
Citie slyding
on the yce.

the walles
of the citie on the North side) is frozen, many young men play vp-
on the yce, some stryding as wide as they may, doe slide swiftly:
others make themselues seates of ice, as great as milstones: one
sits downe, many hand in hand do drawe him, and one slipping on
a sudden, all fall together: some tye bones to their féete, and vnder
their heeles, and shouing themselues by a little picked staffe, doe
slide as swiftly as a birde flyeth in the aire, or an arrow out of a
crossebow. Sometime two runne together with poles, and hit-
ting one the other, eyther one or both doe fall, not without hurt:
some break their armes, some their legs, but youth desirous of glo-
rie, in this sort exerciseth it selfe against the time of warre: Many
of the citizens do delight themselues in Haukes, and houndes,

Hauking and
hunting.

for
they haue libertie of hunting in Middlesex, Hartfordshire, all
Chiltron, and in Kent to the water of Cray. Thus farre Fitz-
Stephen of sports.

These, or the like exercises haue béene continued till our time,
namely in stage playes,

A Stage play
continued.

whereof ye may reade in Anno 1391. a
play to be plaide by the parish Clearkes of London at the Skin-
ners well besides Smithfield: which play continued thrée dayes
together,

A stage play
that lasted
eight daies.

the King, Quéene, and Nobles of the realme being pre-
sent. And of another, plaide in the yeare 1409. which lasted
eight daies, and was of matter from the creation of the worlde,
whereat was present most part of the nobilitie, and gentrie of Eng-
land &c. Of late time in place of those Stage playes, hath béene
vsed Comedies, Tragedies, enterludes, and histories, both true
and fayned: For the acting whereof certaine publike places, as
the Theater, the Curtine,

Theater and
Curtine for
Comedies &
other shewes
Cocke fight.

&c. haue béene erected. Also cockes of
the game are yet cherished by diuers men for their pleasures, much
money being laid on their heades, when they fight in pits, where-
of some be costly made for that purpose. The Ball is vsed by no-
ble men and gentlemen in Tennis courtes,

The ball at
Tennis play

and by people of mea-
ner sort in the open fieldes, and stréetes. The youthes of this ci-

tie

tie time out of mind, haue left off to practise the disarmed launce, &
shielde on horsebacke in the fieldes, but I haue séene some few vp-
on the Riuer of Thames rowed in boates, with staues flat at the
fore-end, running one against another, and for the most part ey-
ther one, or both ouerthrowne and well ducked. On the holydaies
in sommer the youthes of this Citie, haue in the fields exercised
themselues in leaping, dauncing, shooting, wrastling,

Leaping, dan-
cing, shooting
wrestling, &c.

casting of
the stone or Ball &c. And for defence and vse of the weapon,
there is a speciall profession of men that teach it. Yee may
reade in mine Annalles, how that in the yeare 1222. the citi-
zens kept games of defence, and wrestlings néere vnto the Hospi-
tall of Saint Giles in the fielde, where they challenged, and had
the masterie of the men in the suburbes,

Games of de-
fence.

and other commers &c. Al-
so in the yeare 1453. of a tumult made against the Mayor, at the
wrestling besides Clarkes well &c. which is sufficient to proue that
of olde time the exercising of wrestling, and such like hath beene
much more vsed then of latter yeares. The youthes of this citie,
also haue

Playing at the
Bucklers.

vsed on holy dayes after euening prayer, at their may-
sters dores, to exercise their wasters and bucklers: and the mai-
dens (one of them playing on a Timbrel) in sight of their maisters

Dauncing for
garlandes in
the streets.

and Dames to daunce for garlandes hanged thwart the streetes,
which open pastimes in my youth, being now suppressed: worser
practizes within dores are to be feared: as for the bayting of Buls
and Beares, they are till this day much frequented. Slyding vp-
on the Ice is now but childrens play: but in hauking and hunting
many graue citizens, at this present haue great delight, and do ra-
ther want leasure then good will to follow it. Of triumphant
shewes made by the citizens of London, ye may reade in the year
1236. the 20. of Henry the third, Andrew Bockwell then being
Mayor,

Mathew Paris.
Shewes for tri-
umphes.

howe Helianor daughter to Reymonde earle of Pro-
uance, riding through the citie towards Westminster, there to be
crowned Quéene of England, the citie was adorned with silkes, &
in the night with lampes, cressets, and other lights, without num-
ber, besides

The citizens
roade.

many Pageantes, and strange deuises there presented,
the citizens also rode to meet the King & Queene cloathed in long
garments embrodered

Imbrodered
garments

about with gold, and silks of diuers colors,
their horses gallantly trapped to the number of 360. euery man

bearing

bearing a cuppe of gold or siluer in his hand, and the kings trum-
petters sounding before them: These citizens did minister wine,
as Bottelers, which is their seruice at the coronation. More in
the yeare 1298. for victorie obtained by Edward the first against
the Scottes, euery citizen according to their seuerall trade, made
their seuerall shew, but specially the Fishmongers,

Fishmongers
procession, for
triumph of
victorie,
against the
Scots, more
then a thou-
sand horsmen.

which in a so-
lempne procession, passed through the citie, hauing amongst other
Pageants and shewes, foure Sturgeons guilt, carried on foure
horses: then foure Salmons of siluer on foure horses, & after them
sixe and fortie armed Knightes riding on horses, made like luces of
the sea, and then one representing S. Magnus (because it was on
S. Magnus day) with a thousand horsemen &c. Of one other shew
ye may reade in the yeare 1377.

A shew by
torch sight,
being a Mom-
meri1e, of
more then
100. horses.

made by the citizens for disport
of the yong prince Richard, son to the blacke prince, and thus it fol-
loweth. On the sunday before candlemas in the night, 130. citi
zens disguised, and wel horsed in a mummerie with sound of trum-
pets, shackbuts, cornets, Shalmes, and other minstrels, and in-
numerable torch lights of Waxe, rode from Newgate through
Cheape ouer the bridge, through Southwarke, and so to Ken-
nington besides Lambhith, where the young Prince remayned
with his mother, and the Duke of Lancaster, his vncle, the earles
of Cambrldge, Hertford, Warwicke, and Suffolke, with diuers
other Lordes. In the first ranke did ride 48. in the likenes and
habite of Esquires, two and two together cloathed in redde coates
and gownes of Say, or sandall, with comely visors on their faces:
after them came riding 48. knights in the same liuerie, of colour
and stuffe: Then followed one richly arrayed like an Emperor,
and after him some distance, one stately tyred like a Pope, whome
followed 24. Cardinals, and after them eyght or tenne with black
visors not amiable, as if they had béen Legates from some forrain
Princes. These maskers, after they had entred the Mannor of
Kenington, alighted from their horses and entred the hall on foot:
which done, the Prince, his mother, and the Lordes came out of
the chamber into the hall, whom the saide mummers did salute,
shewing by a paire of dice vpon the table their desire to play with
the Prince, which they so handled, that the Prince did alwayes
win when he cast them. Then the mummers set to the prince thrée

Iewels,

Iewelles,

The prince did
winne three
Iewels of the
Maskers.

one after another, which were a boule of gold, a cuppe
of gold, and a ring of gold, which the Prince wanne at thrée casts.
Then they set to the Princes mother, the Duke, the Earles, and
other Lords, to euery one a ring of gold, which they also did win:
After which they were feasted, and the musick sounded, the prince
and Lords daunced on the one part with the mummers, which
did also daunce, which iolitie being ended, they were againe made
to drinke, and then departed in order as they came.

Thus much for sportfull shewes in triumphes may suffice:
of other shews for sports and pastimes yearly vsed, first at Christ-
masse, there was in the Kinges house wheresoeuer hee was lodg-
ed, a Lorde of misrule,

L. of misrule
at Christmas.

or mayster of merie disporters, and the like
had ye in the house of euery noble man, of honor, or good wor-
shippe, were he spirituall, or temporall. Amongst the which the
Maior of London, and either of the shiriffes had their seuerall
Lordes of Misrule, euer contending without quarrell or offence,
who should make the rarest pastimes to delight the beholders.
These Lordes beginning their rule on Alhollon Eue, continued
the same till the morrow after the Feast of the Purification, com-
monly called Candlemas day: In all which space there were fine
and subtile disguisinges, Maskes, and Mummeries, with playing
at Cardes, for Counters, Nayles, and pointes, more for pastimes
then for gaine. In the weeke before Easter had yee great shewes
made for the fetching in of a twisted Tree,

Twisted trees
fet2 from the
woodes.

or With, as they
termed it, out of the woodes into the kinges house, and the like in-
to euery mans house of honor or worship. In the moneth of May,

May games.

namely on May day in the morning, euery man (except impedi-
ment) would walke into the sweet meadowes and greene woods,
there to reioyce their spirites with the beuty and sauour of sweete
flowers, and with the noyce of birdes, praising God in their kinde
and for more notable example hereof Edwarde Hall,

Edward Hall.

hath noted,
that K. Henry the eight in the ſeuenth of his raigne on May day in
the Morning with Queene Katheren his wife, accompanied with
manie Lordes and Ladies, rode a Maying from Greenewitch to
the high ground of Shooters hill, where (as they passed by the
way) they espied acompanie of tall yeomen clothed all in Greene,
with greene whoodes, and with bowes and arrowes to the num-

ber

ber of 200. One being their Chieftain was called Robin Hoode,
who required the king and his company, to stay & see his men shoot
whereunto the king granting, Robin Hoode

Robin Hoode
and his men
shot before the
king.

whistled, and al the
200. Archers shot of, loosing all at once, and when he whistled a-
gaine they likewise shot againe, their arrowes whistled by craft
of the heade, so that the noise was strange and lowde, which great-
ly delighted the king and Queene and their Companie. Moreouer
this Robin Hoode desired the King and Queene with their reti-
nue to enter the greene wood, where, in harbors made of boughes
and decked with flowers, they were set and serued plentifully
with venison and wine, by Robin Hoode and his meynie, to their
greate contentment, and had other Pageantes and Pastimes as
yee may reade in my saide Author. I find also that in the moneth
of May, the Citizens of London, of all estates, lightlie in euery
parish, or sometimes two or three parishes ioyning together, had
their seuerall mayinges, and did fetch in Maypoles, with diuers
warlike shewes, with good Archers, Morrice dauncers, and o-
ther deuises for pastime all the day long, and towardes the eue-
ning they had stage playes and bonefires in the streetes, of these
Mayinges, wee read in the raigne of Henry the 6. that the Al-
dermen and Shiriffs of London being on May day at the Bishop

Bishops wood
Bishops hall
by Blethenhall
greene.

of Londons wood in the parish of Stebunheath, and hauing there
a worshipful dinner for themselues and other commers, Lydgate,
the Poet that was a Monke of Bray, sent to them by a Pursiuant
a ioyfull cōmendation of that season contayning 16. staues in me-
ter Royall, beginning thus.

Mighty Flora, Goddesse of fresh flowers,
                  
which clothed hath the soile in lustie greene.
                  
Made buds spring, with her sweete showers,
                  
by influence of the Sun shine.
                  
To doe pleasance of intent full cleane,
                  
The pleasant
  moneth of
  May commen-
ded.
                  
vnto the States which now sit here.
                  
Hath Vere downe sent her owne daughter deare.

Making the vertue, that dured in the roote.
Called of Clarkes, the vertue vegitable.
for to trascend, most holsom and most soote.
                  

Into

Into the Crop, this season so agreeable
                  
the baumy libuor3, is so commendable.
                  
That it reioyceth, with his fresh moisture,
                  
man, beast, and fowle, and euery creature: &c.

These greate Mayinges and Maygames made by the gouer-
nors and maisters of this Citie, with the triumphant setting vp
of the greate shafte, (a principall Maypole in Cornhill, before
the parish Church of S. Andrew) therefore called Undershafte,
by meane of an insurrection of youthes, against Alianes on May
day, 1517. the ninth of Henry the eight, haue not beene so free-
ly vsed as afore. And therefore to speake of watches

Watches in the
night com-
manded.

and shewes
in the nightes: First I reade that in the yeare of Christ, 1253.
watches in Cities and Borough towns were commanded by king
Henry the thirde, for the better obseruing of peace and quietnesse
amongst his people: And farther by the aduice of them of Sauoy:
hee ordayned that if any man chanced to bee robbed, or by any
meanes damnified, by any theefe or robber, hee to whome the
charge of keeping that country, Citie or Borough chifely apper-
tained where the robbery was don, should competently restore the
losse: And this was after the vse of Sauoy, but yet thought more
harde to bee obserued, here, then in those partes: and therefore lea-
uing those laborious watches, I will speake of our pleasures and
pastimes in watching by night. In the monethes of Iune, and Iu-
ly, on the Uigiles or Festiuall daies, and on the same Festiuall
daies in the eueninges, after the Sunne

Bonefiers and
banqueting in
the streetes.

setting, there were vsually
made Bonefiers in the streetes, euery man bestowing wood or
labour towardes them: the welthier sorte also before their dores
neare to the saide Bonefires would, set out tables on the Uigiles
furnished with sweete breade, and good drinke, and on the Fe-
stiuall daies with meates and drinkes plentifully, whereunto they
woulde inuite their neighboures and Passengers also to sit, and be
merry with them in greate familiarity, praising God for his be-
nefites bestowed on them: These were called Bonefires aswell of
good amity amongst neighbours that being before at contro-
uersie, (were there by the labour of others) reconciled, and made
of bitter enemies, louing frendes : as also for the vertue that a

great

greate firehath to purge

Watches at
Midsommer.

the infection of the aire. On the vigils
of S. Iohn Baptist, and of S. Peter, and Paul the Apostles, besides
the standing watches all in bright harnesse in euery warde, and
streete of this Citie, there was also a marching watch, that passed
through the principall streetes thereof, to wit from the little Con-
duite by Paules gate through west Cheape, by the Stocks, throgh
Cornhill, by Leaden hall to Aldegate, then backe downe Fen-
churchstreete, by Grasse church, aboute Grasse church Con-
duite, and vp Grasse church streete into Cornhill, and through
it into west Cheape, againe, and so broke vp, the whole way or-
dered for this marching watch, extended to 3200. Taylors yards
of assize, for the furniture whereof with lightes there were appoin-
ted 700. Cressetes, 500. of them being founde by the Compani-
es, the other 200. by the Chamber of London? besides the which
lights euery Constable in London) in number more then 240.
had his Cresset: the charge of euery Cresset was in light two shil
linges foure pence, and euery Cresset had two men, one to beare or
hold it, an other to beare a bag with light, and to serue it, so that the
poore men perteyning to the Cressets, taking wages, besides that
euery one had a strawne hat, with a badge painted, and his break-
fast amounted in number to almost 2000. The marching watch
conteyned in number aboute 2000. men, parte of them being olde
souldiers, of skill to bee captaines, Lieutenantes, Sergeantes,
Corporals, &c. Wiflers, Drommers, and Fifes, Standard and
Ensigne bearers, Sworde players, Trompiters on Horsebacke,
Demilaunces on greate horses, Gunners with hand Guns, or
halfe hakes Archers in coates of white sustian signed on the brest
and backe with the armes of the citie, their bowes bent in their
handes, with sheafes of arrowes by their sides, Pike men in bright
corslets, Burganets, &c. Holbarders, like the Bilmen, in Almaine
Riuetes, and Aperns of Mayle in greate number, there were
also diuers Pageantes, Morris dancers, Constables the one halfe
(which was 120. on S. Iohns Eue4, the other halfe on S. Peters
Eue5 in bright harnesse some ouergilte, and euery one a Iornet of
Scarlet thereupon, and his hench man following him, his min-
strels before him, and his cresset light passing by him, the Wayts
of the citie, the Mayors Officers, for his guarde before him, all

in a Liuery of wolsted or Say Iacquetes party coloured, the
Mayor him selfe well mounted on horsebacke, the Sword bearer
before him in fayre Armour well mounted also, the Mayors foot-
men, and the like Torch bearers aboute him, Hench men twaine,
vpon great stirring horses following him. The Shiriffes watches
came one after the other in like order, but not so large in number
as the Mayors: for where the Mayor had besides his Giant thrée
Pageantes, each of the Shiriffes had besides their Giantes but
two Pageants, ech their Morris Dance, and one hench man, their
Officers in Iacquetes of wolsted, or Say, party coloured, diffe-
ring from the Mayors and each from other, but hauing harnised
men a greate many, &c.

This Midsommer watch was thus accustomed yearely,
time out of minde, vntill the yeare 1539. the 31. of Henry the
8. in which yere on the eight of May, a great muster was made
by the Citizens, at the Miles ende, all in bright harnesse, with
coates of white silke,

A greate mu-
ster at Londō.

or cloth, and chaynes of gold, in three great
battailes, to the number of 15000. which passed through London
to Westminster, and so through the Sanctuarie, and round about
the Parke of S. Iames, and returned home through Oldbourne.
King Henry then considering the greate charges of the Citizens
for the furniture of this vnusuall Muster, forbad the marching
watch prouided for, at Midsommer, for that yeare, which being
once laide downe, was not raised againe till the yeare 1548. the
ſecond of Edwarde the ſixt, Sir Iohn Gresham, then being Mai-
or, who caused the marching watch, both on the Eue of S.
Iohn Baptist, and of S. Peter the Apostle, to bee reuiued and set
foorth, in as comely order as it had beene accustomed, which
watch was also beutified by the number of more then 300. De-
milances, and light horsemen, prepared by the Citizens to bee
sent into Scotland for the rescue of the towne of Hadington, and
others kept by the English men, since this Maiors time, the like
marching watch in this Citie hath not been vsed, though some at-
tempts haue beene made thereunto, as in the yere 1585.

Iohn Mount-
gomery.

a booke
was drawn by a graue Citizen, & by him dedicated to Sir Thomas
Pullison, then Lord Maior and his Brethren the Aldermen: con-
teyning the manner and order of a marching watch in the cittie

vpon

vpon the Euens accustomed, in commendation whereof (namely
in time of peace to be vsed) he hath wordes to this effect. The Arti-
ficers of sondrie sortes were thereby well set a worke, none but
rich men charged: poore men helped: olde Souldiers, Trompiters,
Drommers, Fifes, and ensigne bearers, with such like men, meet
for Princes seruice kept in vre, wherein the safety and defence of
euery common weale consisteth. Armonr6 and Weapon being
yearely occupied in this wise: the Citizens had of their owne redi-
ly prepared for any neede, whereas by intermission hereof, Armo-
rers are out of worke, Souldiers out of vre, weapons ouergrown
with foulenes, few or none good being prouided. &c.

In the moneth of August aboute the feast of S. Bartlemew
the Apostle, before the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Shiriffes of
London placed in a large Tent neare vnto Clarken well, of old
time were diuers daies spent in the pastime of wrestling, where
the Officers of the Citie: namely the Shiriffes, Serieantes and
Yeomen, the Portars of the kinges beame, or weigh house, and
other of the Citie were challengers of all men, in the suburbes ʿto
wrestle for games appointed: and on other daies, before the saide
Maior, Aldermen and Shiriffes, in Fensbery fielde, to shoote the
Standarde, broade arrow, and flight, for games: but now of late
yeares the wrestling is onely practised on Bartilmew day in the
after noone, and the shooting some three or foure dayes after, in
one after noone and no more. What shoulde I speake of the
auncient dayly exercises in the long bow by Citizens of this cittie,
now almost cleane left of and forsaken. I ouer passe it: for by
the meane of closing in the common groundes, our Archers for
want of roome to shoote abroade, creepe into bowling Allies, and
ordinary dicing houses, nearer home, where they haue roome e-
nough to hazard their money at vnlawfull games: where I leaue
them to take their pleasures.

Honor

Survey of London: Orders and Customs

Survey of London: Honour of Citizens

Notes

Unclear; context obvious. (SM)↑
Unclear. (SM)↑
I.e. liquor. (SM)↑
Celebrated on 23 June. (KL)↑
Celebrated on 29 June. (KL)↑
I.e. Armour. (SM)↑

References

Citation
Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online.
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Stow, John, and William fitz-Stephen. Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes. The Map of Early Modern London, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 26 Jun. 2020, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/stow_1598_sports.htm.

Chicago citation

Stow, John, and William fitz-Stephen. Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes. The Map of Early Modern London. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed June 26, 2020. https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/stow_1598_sports.htm.

APA citation

Stow, J., & fitz-Stephen, W. 2020. Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London. Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/stow_1598_sports.htm.

RIS file (for RefMan, EndNote etc.)

Provider: University of Victoria
Database: The Map of Early Modern London
Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

TY  - ELEC
A1  - Stow, John
A1  - fitz-Stephen, William
ED  - Jenstad, Janelle
T1  - Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes
T2  - The Map of Early Modern London
PY  - 2020
DA  - 2020/06/26
CY  - Victoria
PB  - University of Victoria
LA  - English
UR  - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/stow_1598_sports.htm
UR  - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/xml/standalone/stow_1598_sports.xml
ER  -

RefWorks

RT Web Page
SR Electronic(1)
A1 Stow, John
A1 fitz-Stephen, William
A6 Jenstad, Janelle
T1 Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes
T2 The Map of Early Modern London
WP 2020
FD 2020/06/26
RD 2020/06/26
PP Victoria
PB University of Victoria
LA English
OL English
LK https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/stow_1598_sports.htm

TEI citation

<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#STOW6"><surname>Stow</surname>, <forename>John</forename></name></author>, and <author><name ref="#FITZ1"><forename>William</forename> <surname>fitz-Stephen</surname></name></author>. <title level="a">Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes</title>. <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title>, edited by <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><forename>Janelle</forename> <surname>Jenstad</surname></name></editor>, <publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date when="2020-06-26">26 Jun. 2020</date>, <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/stow_1598_sports.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/stow_1598_sports.htm</ref>.</bibl>

Survey of London: Sports and Pastimes

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