Tower Street Ward Conceptor Janelle Jenstad Abstract Author Amogha Lakshmi Halepuram Sridhar Markup Editor Jamie Zabel Transcription Proofreader Jamie Zabel Transcriber Melanie Chernyk Transcriber Janelle Jenstad Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3 Janelle Jenstad london@uvic.ca

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 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Halepuram Sridhar, Amogha ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Tower Street Ward T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/TOWE4.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/TOWE4.xml ER - Halepuram Sridhar, Amogha Lakshmi. Tower Street Ward. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/TOWE4.htm. Halepuram Sridhar, Amogha Lakshmi. Tower Street Ward. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/TOWE4.htm. Halepuram Sridhar, A. L. 2022. Tower Street Ward. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/TOWE4.htm. Born digital. Contains information about the ward and links to other parts of the project. 1603 transcription from Stow. Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. See also the digital transcription of this edition at British History Online. Stow, John. A suruay of London· Conteyning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that city, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Since by the same author increased, with diuers rare notes of antiquity, and published in the yeare, 1603. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. VVith an appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet, 1603. STC 23343. U of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus) copy. Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online. [Kingsford edition, courtesy of The Centre for Metropolitan History. Articles written after 2011 cite from this searchable transcription.] Billingsgate Ward

Billingsgate Ward is west of Tower Street Ward. The ward is named after Billingsgate, a water-gate and harbour on the Thames.

(BILL2.xml) Tower of London Information is not yet available. (TOWE5.xml) The Wall

Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by Stow as high and great (Stow 1:8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spaces outside the wall.

(WALL2.xml) The Thames Information is not yet available. (THAM2.xml) Billingsgate

Billingsgate (Bylynges gate or Belins Gate), a water-gate and harbour located on the north side of the Thames between London Bridge and the Tower of London, was London’s principal dock in Shakespeare’s day. Its age and the origin of its name are uncertain. It was probably built ca. 1000 in response to the rebuilding of London Bridge in the tenth or eleventh century.

(BILL1.xml) Tower Ditch

The Tower Ditch, or Tower Moat, was part of the Tower of London’s medieval defences. It was built by the Bishop of Ely William de Longchamp while Richard I was crusading in the Holy Land (1187-1192) (Harben). The ditch was used as a dumping ground for plague victim corpses, human waste from the Tower, and meat carcasses from East Smithfield market.

(TOWE6.xml) Posterngate Information is not yet available. (POST1.xml) Tower Hill

Tower Hill was a large area of open ground north and west of the Tower of London. It is most famous as a place of execution; there was a permanent scaffold and gallows on the hill for the execution of such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of London (Stow).

(TOWE1.xml) Lumley House

Lumley House was a large house on the west side of Woodroffe Lane, north of Tower Hill. It was built by Sir Thomas Wiat the father, vpon one plotte of ground of late pertayning to the foresaid Crossed Fryers during the reign of Henry VIII (Stow). For Stow, the house was an important boundary marker for Aldgate Ward; it was the most southern point. However, he did not record anything about the house itself.

(LUML1.xml) London

The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (London).

(LOND5.xml) Westminster Information is not yet available. (WEST6.xml) Chick Lane (Tower Street Ward)

Chick Lane ran north-south from Tower Hill into Tower Street. Stow confirms that it ran on the east of Barking church (Stow). It is likely that Chick Lane also featured the diuers houses lately builded, and other incrochmentes found directly above the lane on the west side of Tower Hill (Stow).

(CHIC2.xml) All Hallows Barking

The church of All Hallows Barking is in Tower Street Ward on the southeast corner of Seething Lane and on the north side of Tower Street. Stow describes it as a fayre parish Church.

(ALLH2.xml) Tower Street

Tower Street ran east-west from Tower Hill in the east to St. Andrew Hubbard. It was the principal street of Tower Street Ward. That the ward is named after the street indicates the cultural significance of Tower Street, which was a key part of the processional route through London and home to many wealthy merchants who traded in the goods that were unloaded at the docks and quays immediately south of Tower Street (for example, Billingsgate, Wool Key, and Galley Key).

(TOWE3.xml) St. Margaret Pattens Information is not yet available. (STMA17.xml) Seething Lane

Seething Lane ran north-south from the junction of Hart Street and Crutch Fryers through to Tower Street. The lane, in Tower Street Ward, was marked by a church at each end; on the northwest corner stood St. Olave, Hart Street and on the southeast corner was All Hallows Barking. Stow describes the lane as one with diuers fayre and large houses (Stow).

(SEET1.xml) Hart Street

Hart Street ran east-west from Crutched Fryers and the north end of Seething Lane to Mark Lane. In Stow’s time, the street began much further east, running from the north end of Woodroffe Lane to Mark Lane (Harben; Stow).

(HART1.xml) St. Olave (Hart Street)

The church of St. Olave, Hart Street is found on the south side of Hart Street and the northwest corner of Seething Lane in Tower Street Ward. It has been suggested that the church was founded and built before the Norman conquest of 1066 (Harben). Aside from mentioning the nobility buried in St. Olave’s, Stow is kind enough to describe the church as a proper parrish (Stow). Samuel Pepys is buried in this church.

(STOL2.xml) Mark Lane

Mark Lane ran north-south from Fenchurch Street to Tower Street. It was for the most parte of this Towerstreet warde (Stow). The north end of the street, from Fenchurch Street to Hart Street was divided between Aldgate Ward and Landbourn Ward. Stow says Mark Lane was so called of a Priuiledge sometime enjoyed to keepe a mart there, long since discontinued, and therefore forgotten, so as nothing remaineth for memorie (Stow). Modern scholars have suggested that it was instead named after the mart, where oxen were fattened for slaughter (Harben).

(MARK1.xml) Aldgate Ward

Aldgate Ward is located within the London Wall and east of Lime Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Aldgate Street, are named after Aldgate, the eastern gate into the walled city (Stow 1633, sig. N6v).

(ALDG2.xml) Cokedon Hall

Little is known about Cokedon Hall, but Carlin and Belcher note that it was in existence around 1316 (Carlin and Belcher 69). Stow records the location of the site in noting that the hall was sometime at the South west end of Marte lane I reade of (Stow 1:132).

(COKE3.xml) Mincing Lane

Mincing Lane ran north-south from Fenchurch Street to Tower Street. All of the street was part of Tower Street Ward except the corner house[s] towardes Fenchurch streete, which were in Langbourn Ward (Stow). Stow notes that the street was named after tenements there sometime pertayning to the Minchuns or Nunnes of Saint Helens in Bishopsgate streete (Stow). Stow also makes a definitive link between the lane and London’s commercial history.

(MINC1.xml) St. Helen’s (Bishopsgate)

St. Helen’s was a priory of Benedictine nuns located in Bishopsgate Ward between St. Mary Axe Street and Bishopsgate Street. St. Helen’s is visible on the Agas map with the label S. Elen written in the churchyard. Stow and Harben inform us that the priory was set up in 1212 by William Basing, the dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral (Stow; Harben).

(STHE1.xml) Bishopsgate Street

Bishopsgate Street ran north from Cornhill Street to the southern end of Shoreditch Street at the city boundary. South of Cornhill, the road became Gracechurch Street, and the two streets formed a major north-south artery in the eastern end of the walled city of London, from London Bridge to Shoreditch. Important sites included: Bethlehem Hospital, a mental hospital, and Bull Inn, a place where plays were performed before Shakespeare’s time (Weinreb and Hibbert 67).

(BISH3.xml) Fenchurch Street

Fenchurch Street (often called Fennieabout) ran east-west from the pump on Aldgate High Street to Gracechurch Street in Langbourne Ward, crossing Mark Lane, Mincing Lane, and Rodd Lane along the way. Fenchurch Street was home to several famous landmarks, including the King’s Head Tavern, where the then-Princess Elizabeth is said to have partaken in pork and peas after her sister, Mary I, released her from the Tower of London in May of 1554 (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 288). Fenchurch Street was on the royal processional route through the city, toured by monarchs on the day before their coronations.

(FENC1.xml) Beer Lane

Beer Lane ran north-south from Tower Street to Thames Street in Tower Street Ward. Stow notes that Beer Lane included many faire houses (Stow).

(BEER2.xml) Thames Street

Thames Street was the longest street in early modern London, running east-west from the ditch around the Tower of London in the east to St. Andrew’s Hill and Puddle Wharf in the west, almost the complete span of the city within the walls.

(THAM1.xml) Water Lane Information is not yet available. (WATE1.xml) Watergate Information is not yet available. (WATE3.xml) Custom House Information is not yet available. (CUST1.xml) Harp Lane Information is not yet available. (HARP1.xml) Bakers’ Hall Information is not yet available. (BAKE1.xml) Church Lane (Tower Street Ward)

Church Lane was a semi-circular lane that wrapped around the south side of the parish church of St. Dunstan in the East, in Tower Street Ward. Both ends of Church Lane led south off Tower Street.

(CHUR3.xml) Petty Wales Information is not yet available. (PETT2.xml) St. Dunstan in the East Information is not yet available. (STDU2.xml) St. Mary at Hill Street Information is not yet available. (STMA13.xml) Fowle Lane (Tower Street Ward)

Fowle Lane, Tower Street Ward was later known as Cross Lane. Harben records it running west to east from St. Mary at Hill Street to Harp Lane (Harben, Cross Lane). Stow locates Fowle Lane, Tower Street Ward mostly in Tower Street Ward, though it is also in Billingsgate Ward (Stow 1633, sig. N3v; Harben Cross Lane).

(FOWL1.xml) St. Dunstan’s Hill Information is not yet available. (STDU1.xml) Porter’s Key Information is not yet available. (PORT7.xml) Galley Key

Galley Key was a port on the north bank of the Thames, east of London Bridge, and south of Lower Thames Street in Tower Ward.

(GALL1.xml)

Tower Street Ward is east of Billingsgate Ward and west of the Tower of London.

The Julian calendar, in use in the British Empire until September 1752. This calendar is used for dates where the date of the beginning of the year is ambigious.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year beginning on 25 March. This was the calendar used in the British Empire until September 1752.

The Gregorian calendar, used in the British Empire from September 1752. Sometimes referred to as New Style (NS). Years run from January 1 through December 31.

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 Amogha Lakshmi Halepuram Sridhar Amogha Lakshmi Halepuram Sridhar ALHS

Research Assistant, 2020-present. Amogha Lakshmi Halepuram Sridhar is a fourth year student at University of Victoria, studying English and History. Her research interests include Early Modern Theatre and adaptations, decolonialist writing, and Modernist poetry.

 Jamie Zabel Jamie Zabel JZ

Research Assistant, 2020-2021. Managing Encoder, 2020-2021. Jamie Zabel was an MA student at the University of Victoria in the Department of English. She completed her BA in English at the University of British Columbia in 2017. She published a paper in University College London’s graduate publication Moveable Type (2020) and presented at the University of Victoria’s 2021 Digital Humanities Summer Institute. During her time at MoEML, she made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey as proofreader, editor, and encoder, coordinated the encoding of the 1633 edition, and researched and authored a number of encyclopedia articles and geo-coordinates to supplement both editions. She also played a key role in managing the correction process of MoEML’s Gazetteer.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Tye Landels-Gruenewald Tye Landels-Gruenewald TLG

Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.

 Melanie Chernyk Melanie Chernyk MJC

Research Assistant, 2004–2008. BA honours, 2006. MA English, University of Victoria, 2007. Melanie Chernyk went on to work at the Electronic Textual Cultures Lab at the University of Victoria and now manages Talisman Books and Gallery on Pender Island, BC. She also has her own editing business at http://26letters.ca.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 Sir John Aleyn Sir John Aleyn Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1518-1519. Mayor 1525-1526 and 1535-1536. Member of the Mercers’ Company. Monument at Mercers’ Hall.

MASL ODNB John Chichele John Chichele

Chamberlain of London. Son of William Chichele. Father of Elizabeth Ashton.

 William Chichele William Chichele Sheriff

Sheriff of London 1409-1410. Member of the Grocers’ Company. Father of John Chichele. Brother of Henry Chichele and Sir Robert Chichele.

HPO MASL Dr. William Chichele William Chichele Archdeacon of Canterbury

Archdeacon of Canterbury. Cousin of Henry Chichele, William Chichele, and Sir Robert Chichele.

 Sir Robert Chichele Sir Robert Chichele Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1402-1403. Mayor 1411-1412 and 1421-1422. Member of the Grocers’ Company. Brother of Henry Chichele and William Chichele. Cousin of Dr. William Chichele.

HPO MASL Wikipedia Henry Chichele Henry Chichele Bishop of Saint David’s Archbishop of Canterbury

Bishop of Saint David’s 1407–1414. Archbishop of Canterbury 1414-1443. Brother of William Chichele and Sir Robert Chichele. Cousin of Dr. William Chichele.

ODNB Wikipedia Edward IV Edward IV King of England

King of England 1461-1470 and 1471-1483.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Henry VIII Henry VIII King of England King of Ireland

King of England and Ireland 1509-1547.

ODNB Wikipedia Sir Francis Walsingham Sir Francis Walsingham

Lawyer and landowner.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Worshipful Company of SaltersSalters’ Company

The Salters’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Salters were ninth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Salters is still active and maintains a website at http://www.salters.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.

The coat of arms of the Salters’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image]
Worshipful Company of IronmongersIronmongers’ Company

The Ironmongers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Ironmongers were tenth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Ironmongers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.ironmongers.org/ that includes a history of the company.

The coat of arms of the Ironmongers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image]

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Acceptable names for this role are transcriber, first transcriber (often the EEBO-TCP transcriber), or MoEML transcriber. Added div for BL ward map image. Removed old geo coordinates now superceded by GeoJSON. Reworked metadata. Added abstract and introduction. Added links to 1598 and 1633 chapters. Add xml:ids to divs. Replaced ellipses with gap element. Removed commented-out byline from MoEML early days. Changed calendar value from "julian" to "julianSic" using XSLT. Added sourceDesc information for born-digital documents. Standardized respStmts for JENS1, MCFI1, and HOLM3 and added TAKE1 as Junior Programmer. Added XInclude for listPrefixDef in the header. Added global publicationStmt through XInclude. Eliminated superfluous catRef elements from the header. Added catRef elements based on the place/type values in the document. Put change elements inside revisionDesc into the correct (latest first) order. 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Tower Street Ward Tower Street Ward
Introduction

Tower Street Ward is east of Billingsgate Ward and west of the Tower of London.

1720: Blome’s Map of Tower Street Ward. Image courtesy of British Library Crace Collection. © British Library Board; Maps Crace Port. 8.37
Links to Chapters in the Survey of London 1598 1603 (see below for excerpt) 1618 (forthcoming) 1633
1603 Description of Ward Boundaries

The following diplomatic transcription of the opening paragraph(s) of the 1603 chapter on this ward will eventually be subsumed into the MoEML edition of the 1603 Survey.The 1603 Survey is widely available in reprints of C.L. Kingsford’s two-volume 1908 edition (Kingsford) and also in the British History Online transcription of the Kingsford edition (BHO). MoEML is completing its editions of all four texts in the following order: 1598, 1633, 1618, and 1603. Each ward chapter opens with a narrative circumnavigation of the ward—a verbal beating of the bounds that MoEML first transcribed in 2004 and later used to facilitate the drawing of approximate ward boundaries on our edition of the Agas map. Source: John Stow, A Survey of London (London, 1603; STC #23343).

The firſt Warde in the Eaſt parte of this cittie within the wall, is called Towerſtreete Ward, and extendeth along the riuer of Thames from the ſaid Tower in the Eaſt, almoſt to Belinſgate in the Weſt: One halfe of the Tower, the ditchI.e., Tower Ditch on the Weſt ſide, and bulwarkes adioyning do ſtand within that parte, where the wall of the cittie of old time went ſtraight from the Poſterne gate ſouth to the riuer of Thames, before that the Tower was builded. From and without the Tower ditch Weſt and by North, is the ſaide Tower hill, ſometime a large plot of ground, now greatly ſtreightned by incrochmentes, (vnlawfully made and ſuffered) for Gardens and Houſes, ſome on the Banke of the Tower ditch, whereby the Tower ditch is marred, but more neare vnto the Wall of the cittie from the Poſterne North till ouer againſt the principall foregate of the Lord Lumleyes houſe, &c. but the Tower Warde goeth no further that way.

Upon this Hill is alwayes readily prepared at the charges of the cittie a large Scaffolde and Gallowes of Timber, for the execution of ſuch Traytors or Tranſgreſſors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwiſe to the Shiriffes of London by writ there to be executed. I read that in the fift of king Edwarde the fourth a ſcaffold and gallowes was there ſet up by other the kinges Officers, and not of the Citties charges, whereupon the Mayor and his Brethren complayned, but were aunſwered by the king that the Tower hill, was of the libertie of the cittie: And whatſoeuer was done in that point, was not in derogation of the cities Liberties, and therefore commaunded Proclamation to bee made, aſwell within the Citie as in the Suburbes, as followeth: For as much as the ſeauenth day of this preſent Moneth of Nouember, Gallowes were erect and ſet vppe beſides our Tower of London, within the liberties and franchiſes of our cittie of London, in derogation and preiudice of the liberties and franchiſes of this cittie, The king our ſoueraigne Lord would it bee certainely underſtood that the erection and ſetting vp of the ſaid gallowes was not done by his commaundement, wherefore the King our soueraign Lord willeth that the erection and ſetting vp the ſaid Gallowes bee not any preſident or example thereby hereafter to be taken, in hurte, preiudice or derogation of the franchiſes, liberties, & priuiledges, of the ſaide cittie, which hee at all times hath had, & hath in his beneuolence, tender fauour and good grace, &c. Apud Weſtminſt. 9. die Nouemb. Anno regni noſtri quinto. On the North ſide of this hill, is the ſaide Lord Lumleyes houſe, and on the weſt ſide diuers houſes lately builded, and other incrochmentes along ſouth to Chicke lane, on the eaſt of Barking church, at the end whereof you haue Tower Street ſtretching from the Tower hill, weſt to St. Margaret Pattens church Parſonage.

By the Weſt ende of this Parriſh church and chappell,I.e., All Hallows Barking lyeth Sydon lane, now corruptly called Sything lane, from Towerſtreete vp North to Hart ſtreete. In this Sidon lane diuers fayre and large houſes are builded, namely one by Sir Iohn Allen, ſometime Mayor of London, and of counſell vnto king Henry the eight: Sir Frances VValſingham Knight Principal Secretary to the Queenes Maieſtie that now is, was lodged there, and ſo was the Earle of Eſſex, &c. At the North Weſt corner of this lane, ſtandeth a proper parriſh Church of Saint Olaue, which Church together with ſome houſes adioyning, and alſo others ouer againſt it in Hart ſtreete, are of the ſaide Tower ſtreete Warde.

Then haue yee out of Towerſtreete, alſo on the North ſide, one other lane, called Marte lane, which runneth vp towardes the North, and is for the moſt parte of this Towerſtreet warde, which lane is about the thirde quarter thereof deuided, from Aldgate ward, by a chaine to bee drawn, thwart the ſaide lane aboue the weſt ende of Harte ſtreete. Cokedon hall, ſometime at the South weſt end of Marte lane I reade of.

A third lane out of Towerſtreete on the North ſide is called Mincheon lane, ſo called of tenements there ſometime pertayning to the Minchuns or Nunnes of Saint Helens in Biſhopſgate ſtreete: this lane is all of the ſaide Warde, except the corner houſe towardes Fenchurch ſtreete.

And therefore to begin againe at the Eaſt ende of Towerſtreete, on the South ſide, have ye Beare lane, wherein are many faire houſes, and runneth downe to Thames ſtreete. The next is Sporiar lane, of old time ſo called, but ſince, and of later time named Water lane, becauſe it runneth downe to the Water gate by the Cuſtome houſe in Thames ſtreete: then is there Hart lane for Harpe lane, which likewiſe runneth downe into Thames ſtreete. In this Hart lane is the Bakers Hall, ſometime the dwelling houſe of Iohn Chichley Chamberlain of London, who was ſonne to William Chichley, Alderman of London, brother to Willian Chichley, Archdeacon of Canterburie, nephew to Robert Chichley Maior of London, and to Henrie Chichley Archbiſhop of Canterburie.

In Tower ſtreete, betweene Hart lane, and Church lane, was a quadrant called Galley row, becauſe Galley men dwelled there. Then haue ye two lanes out of Tower ſtréete, both called Churchlanes, becauſe one runneth downe by the Eaſt ende of Saint Dunſtans Church, and the other by the weſt ende of the ſame: out of the weſt lane, turneth another lane, weſt toward S. Marie Hill, and is called Fowle lane, which is for the moſt part of Tower ſtreete warde.

This Church of Saint Dunſtone in called in the Eaſt, for difference from one other of the ſame name in the weſt: it is a fayre and large Church of an auncient building, and within a large Churchyarde: it hath a great pariſh of many rich Marchants, and other occupiers of diuerſe trades, namely Saltars and Ironmongers.

Now for the two Church lanes, they meeting on the Southſide of this Church and Churchyarde, doe ioyne in one: and running downe to the Thames ſtreete: the ſame is called Saint Dunſtans hill, at the lower ende whereof the ſayd Thames ſtreete towards the weſt on both ſides almoſt to Belins gate, but towardes the Eaſt vp to the water gate, by the Bulwarke of the tower, is all of tower ſtreete warde. In this ſtreete on the Thames ſide are diuers large landing places called wharffes, or keyes, for Cranage vp of wares and Marchandiſe, as alſo for ſhipping of wares from thence to be tranſported. Theſe wharffes and keyes commonly beare the names of their owners, and are therefore changeable.

Neare vnto this Cuſtomers key towardes the Eaſt, is the ſayd watergate, and weſt from it Porters key, then Galley key, where the Gallies were vſed to vnlade, and land their marchandizes and wares: and that part of Thames ſtreete, was therefore of ſome called Galley Row, but more commonly petty Wales.

Note on Ward boundaries on Agas Map

Ward boundaries drawn on the Agas map are approximate. The Agas map does not lend itself well to georeferencing or georectification, which means that we have not been able to import the raster-based or vector-based shapes that have been generously offered to us by other projects. We have therefore used our drawing tools to draw polygons on the map surface that follow the lines traced verbally in the opening paragraph(s) of each ward chapter in the Survey. Read more about the cartographic genres of the Agas map.