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Database: The Map of Early Modern London
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TY - ELEC
A1 - Drees, Danielle
A1 - Jenstad, Janelle
ED - Jenstad, Janelle
T1 - New Exchange
T2 - The Map of Early Modern London
ET - 7.0
PY - 2022
DA - 2022/05/05
CY - Victoria
PB - University of Victoria
LA - English
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/NEWE1.htm
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/NEWE1.xml
ER -
The construction of the New Exchange in
Project Manager, 2022-present. Research Assistant, 2020-2022. Molly Rothwell was an undergraduate student at the University of Victoria, with a double major in English and History. During her time at MoEML, Molly primarily worked on encoding and transcribing the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s
Project Manager, 2020-2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019-2020. Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. She published papers in
Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.
Research Assistant, 2017-2019. Chase Templet was a graduate student at the University
of Victoria in the Medieval and Early Modern Studies (MEMS) stream. He was specifically
focused on early modern repertory studies and non-Shakespearean early modern drama,
particularly the works of
Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of
Contributor, 2018. Danielle Drees is a doctoral candidate at Columbia University in the Department of English and Comparative Literature with a focus on Theatre. Her work focuses on the intersections of theatre, feminist theory, and politics.
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.
First Viscount Dorchester. Secretary of State.
First Earl of Salisbury. Lord Privy Seal
Letter writer.
Writer and Dean of St. Paul’s Cathedral. Father of
Playwright and poet.
King of Scotland
Architect and theatre designer.
Poet and playwright.
Naval officer and diarist. Husband of
Historian and author of
Master of St. Katherine’s Hospital. Buried at St. Katherine’s Hospital.
Sheriff of London
Wife of
Surveyor and architect.
Principal mason of
Sister of
Sister of
Dramatist.
The
The
The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (
Located in Broad Street Ward and Cornhill Ward, the Royal Exchange was opened in
St. Paul’s Cathedral was—and remains—an important church in London. In
Named for its location on the bank of the Thames, the Strand leads outside the City of London from Temple Bar through what was formerly the Duchy of Lancaster to Charing Cross in what was once the city of Westminster. There were three main phases in the evolution of the Strand in early modern times: occupation by the bishops, occupation by the nobility, and commercial development.
Strand Lane was a narrow and rather winding thoroughfare leading to the Embankment a few yards to the east of Somerset House
(Thornbury).
Durham House was located in the Strand, west of Ivy Bridge Lane. It stood at the border between the Duchy of Lancaster and Westminster.
Whitehall Palace, the Palace of Whitehall or simply Whitehall, was one of the most complex and sizeable locations in the entirety of early modern Europe. As the primary place of residence for monarchs from [i]t lay on the left bank of the Thames, and extended from nearly the point where Westminster Bdge. now crosses the river to Scotland Yard, and from the river back to St. James’s Park
(Sugden 564-565).
Lombard Street was known by early modern Londoners as a place of commerce and trade. Running east to west from Gracechurch Street to Poultry, Lombard Street bordered Langbourn Ward, Walbrook Ward, Bridge Within Ward, and Candlewick Street Ward.
Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.
Milk Street, located in Cripplegate Ward, began on the north side of Cheapside Street, and ran north to a square formed at the intersection of Milk Street, Cat Street (Lothbury), Lad Lane, and Aldermanbury.
Silver Street was a small but historically significant street that ran east-west, emerging out of Noble Street in the west and merging into Addle Street in the east. Monkwell Street (labelled Muggle St.
on the Agas map) lay to the north of Silver Street and seems to have marked its westernmost point, and Little Wood Street, also to the north, marked its easternmost point. Silver Street ran through Cripplegate Ward and Farringdon Within Ward. It is labelled as Syluer Str.
on the Agas map and is drawn correctly. Perhaps the most noteworthy historical fact about Silver Street is that it was the location of one of the houses in which
Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many
Ironmonger Lane, located directly north of Eastcheap in Cheap Ward, ran north-south between Cateaton Street and Cheapside Street. The lane’s name has undergone a number of spelling changes over the years—on the Agas map, it is labelled as
Threadneedle Street ran east-west from Bishopsgate Street to Cornhill and the Stocks Market. It
passed the north end of the Royal Exchange and was
entirely in Broad Street Ward. Threadneedle Street, also called
The four principal constituents of the Inns of Court were:
Cornhill was a significant thoroughfare and was part of the cityʼs main major east-west thoroughfare that divided the northern half of London from the southern half. The part of this thoroughfare named Cornhill extended from St. Andrew Undershaft to the three-way intersection of Threadneedle, Poultry, and Cornhill where the Royal Exchange was built. The name Cornhill
preserves a memory both of the cornmarket that took place in this street, and of the topography of the site upon
which the Roman city of Londinium was built.
Note: Cornhill and Cornhill Ward are nearly synonymous in terms of location and nomenclature - thus, it can be a challenge to tell one from the other. Topographical decisions have been made to the best of our knowledge and ability.
PLACEHOLDER LOCATION ITEM. The purpose of this item is to allow encoders to link to a location item when they cannot add a new location file for some reason. MoEML may still be seeking information regarding this entry. If you have information to contribute, please contact the MoEML team.
According to Carlin and Belcher, Lincoln’s Inn Fields were formerly referred to as Cup Field
or Purse Field
(Carlin and Belcher 84). The namesake for the location is Lincoln’s Inn, one of the Inns of Court. The fields were located east of Lincoln’s Inn and west of Covent Garden.
Our editorial and encoding practices are documented in detail in the Praxis section of our website.
Location:
"geometry": {"type":"Point","coordinates":[-0.125539,51.50849]}
A
The ballad establishes a contrast between the unfashionable Old Exchange
—better known as the Royal Exchange—and the more popular new Exchange
, also called Britain’s Burse. (The terms Royal Exchange and New Exchange will be used for the remainder of this article for clarity.) As London expanded westward at the turn of the
some monument as may adorn the place, and haply derive some effect of present benefit and future charity to the whole liberty
(qtd. in Dillon 109). Like
In order to construct this New Exchange in the West End,
Building the New Exchange in the town between the city and the court established a rivalry between the New Exchange and Oppression’s praiser, Taxation’s raiser
(qtd. in Croft 49).
The Gresham Committeehouse of trade in the Strand
was being built by great means and great personages to allure trading and com[m]erce to the place aforesaid
(qtd. in Saunders 94).The new burse at Durham House goes up apace, wherat the citizens and specially the exchaunge-men begin to grumble, foreseeing that yt wilbe very prejudiciall, and marre theyre market: and therupon have made a petition to the Lord Mayor to provide
1:258, Letter 98
The terms of the conflict suggest that
The lord mayor also wrote to It is generally conceived that if such a work be erected, the situation of the place respected, being near unto the Court of Whitehall in the midst of the Nobility and where much of the Gentry lodge and reside, as also in the highway by which all Termers pass to Westminster, it will have such advantages of our [New] Exchange as will make it of no use for salesmen at all, besides a greater inconvenience to this City.
qtd. in Stone 96-97
The lord mayor further worried the New Exchange would occasion much profit to all sorts of retailers in other places leading to the [New] Exchange, and in time will draw
(qtd. in Stone 96-97).
Whether the Britain Burse did fill apace, / And likely were to give th’ [Royal] Exchange disgrace(Donne 25-26).
some little quill of profit to pass by their main pipe
(qtd. in Stone 97), an extraordinary image which invokes both the notion of a fixed and inelastic common wealth and, potentially, the more radical notion of an open-ended conduit of profit. The metaphor works in two ways. If a large cask, of more or less definite capacity, used for wine
, then a tap or faucet
, suggesting that small water-pipe
, then we can hear pass by
gives more weight to the latter sense of the metaphor, suggesting that he thought this wealth should not be contained within civic conduits. Wee doe exceedingly approve and commend all Edifices, Structures, and workes which tend to publique use and ornament, in and about Our said Citie, as
(
The New Exchange not only aimed to usurp much of the Royal Exchange’s business but also imitated the Royal Exchange in its design. The
Some shape of the modeling, though not in all respects alike, as after the fashion of the Royal Exchange in London, with sellers underneath, a walk fairly paved above it, and rows of shops above, as also one beneath answerable in manner to the other and intended to the like trades and mysteries(qtd. in Dillon 111). This was not, however, the original plan for the building.
The exterior of the building was a 200-foot-long covered arcade facing the Strand, which was paved in front of the New Exchange to provide a more inviting footpath (Stone 98-103). Seating was built into the outer wall facing the Strand to further entice passers-by to stop at the New Exchange, and in the Hard by the court the Earl of Salisbury
He predicted, These will bring in immense revenue
(qtd. in Dillon 111).
Before the New Exchange opened, it was christened by the king, cementing the relationship between city commerce and royal approval.
Your Maiestie will pardon me? I thinke you scarse knowe, where you are now nor by my troth can I tell you, more then that you may seeme to be vppon some lande discouery of a newe region heare, to which I am your compasse[.]
In part, the conceit accords with the structure of the entertainment, which entailed a tour of the building and its shops. But it also points to the controversy which surrounded [t]he quotidian torture that I haue indured heere from my great Cosin the multitude
(qtd. in Knowles 20-22) who have pestered him with interrogatorys
about the nature of the new building (qtd. in Knowles 28). Various people have speculated that it is a publique Banque, where money should be lente
; a Lombarde to deale w
; th all manner of pawnesa storehowse
for corn, wood, and coal; an almshouse for decayed Citizens
; and a library, among other things. Many speculate that it has no function at all, being merely a fayr front, built onely to grace the strete, and for noe vse
(SRP 14/44). The lengthy debate about the building’s intended purpose suggests that its function and its geographic location are at odds. A building with commercial functions is out of place in the Strand. In an urban space where street names tended to coincide with long-standing economic functions—Bread Street, Milk Street, Silver Street, Cheapside, Ironmonger Lane—the Strand was a
Critical writing about
the discursive phenomenon of the list, seen in the Shop-boy’s lines, as a rhetorical strategy employed by the entertainment. The list as a rhetorical tactic marks both
the independent, fragmentary presence of the commodityand
its connection by definition with other commodities(Dillon 12-13). Linda Levy Peck examines the entertainment’s props, the Chinese porcelain that decorated the single fully-furnished shop that the royal family was shown. This porcelain came into England through the
assignationin both
Once the New Exchange opened for business, it looked very different from the building the goods offered [at the New Exchange] were slightly upmarket compared with the Royal Exchange
(Saunders 94), and leases were only sold to purveyors of upper-class commodities, including milliners, linen-drapers, haberdashers, booksellers, and perfumers (Dillon 113; Stone 104). Despite its obviously nationalistic name,
The Rialto was as familiar to him as the Exchange in Corrnhill is to merchants, or the New Bourse in the Strand is to courtiers and lawyers(Dekker 132).
Shops were open from six in the morning to eight in the evening in the summer and from seven to seven in the winter, an hour later than the Royal Exchange, to accommodate this expectation of high sales (Peck 52). hunting of dogs with great noise & howling, playing of foils and cudgels, striking the ball (which breaketh the windows), [and] buffeting and fighting one with another
(qtd in Stone 104). One of the biggest problems, however, was sanitation. Despite a designated bathroom with a sewer to the river, fines had to be leveled for anyone who throw[s] or pour[s] out into the walk or range or out any of the windows any piss or other noisome thing
(qtd. in Stone 104).
Negotiations between upper-class aspirations and the higher costs associated with luxury goods initially hampered the New Exchange’s sales. In the fall of
It was not until the
London and Westminster are two Twin-ſiſter-Cities; as joyned by one Street, ſo wate red by one ſtreame: the firſt a breeder of grave Magiſtrates, the ſecond, the buriall-place of great Monarchsyet London may be preſum’d to be the elder, and more excellent in Birth, Meanes, and Iſſue; in the firſt for her Antiquity, in the ſecond for her Ability, in the third, for her numerous Progeny: ſhe and her Suburbs being decored with two ſeverall Burſes or Exchanges[.]
During the sales boom of the Rising this day with a full design to mind nothing else but to make up my accounts forthe year past, I did take money, and walk forth to several places in the towne as far as the New Exchange, to pay all my debts
walk forth to several places in the towne
where he has done business throughout the year, and offering local options for socializing, like the Strand’s Half Moon Taverne.
The prosperity of the New Exchange and the surrounding suburbs during the time of