Bread Street Author Janelle Jenstad Editor Janelle Jenstad Copy Editor Joey Takeda Programmer Stewart Arneil Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3 Janelle Jenstad london@uvic.ca

Copyright held by The Map of Early Modern London on behalf of the contributors.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Further details of licences are available from our Licences page. For more information, contact the project director, Janelle Jenstad, for specific information on the availability and licensing of content found in files on this site.

Born digital.

Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.

Most MoEML documents, or significant fragments with xml:id attributes, can be addressed using the mol: prefix and accessed through the web application with their id + .xml.

The molagas prefix points to the shape representation of a location on MoEML’s OpenLayers3-based rendering of the Agas Map.

Links to page-images in the Chadwyck-Healey Early English Books Online (EEBO) repository. Note that this is a subscription service, and may not be accessible to those accessing it from locations outside member institutions.

Links to page-images in the English Broadside Ballad Archive (EBBA).

The mdt (MoEML Document Type) prefix used on catRef/target points to a central taxonomy in the includes file.

The mdtlist (MoEML Document Type listing) prefix used in linking attributes points to a listings page constructed from a category in the central MDT taxonomy in the includes file. There are two variants, one with the plain xml:id of the category, meaning all documents in the specified category, and one with the suffix _subcategories, meaning all subcategories of the category.

The molgls (MoEML gloss) prefix used on term/corresp points to a a glossary entry in the GLOSS1.xml file.

This molvariant prefix is used on ref/target attributes during automated generation of gazetteer index files. It points to an element in the generated variant spellings listing file which lists all documents which contain a particular spelling variant for a location.

This molajax prefix is used on ref/target attributes during the static build process, to specify links which point to MoEML resources which should not be loaded into the source page during standalone processing; instead, these should be turned into links to the XML source documents, and at HTML page load time, these should be turned into AJAX calls. This is to handle the scenario in which a page such as an A-Z index of the whole site would end up containing virtually the whole site inside itself.

The molstow prefix is used on facs attributes to link to the HCMC verison of the Stow facsimiles. Usually the first group is the year (1633) and then last is the image number (0001).

The molshows prefix is used on facs attributes to link to the copies of page-images from mayoral shows stored in the london account on the HCMC server. The first group is the year (1633), the second is the source repository, and then last is the image file name.

The sb prefix is used on ref/target attributes to link to Stow’s Books URLs at UToronto.

Our editorial and encoding practices are documented in detail in the Praxis section of our website.

 Removed old geo coordinates now superceded by GeoJSON. Changed calendar value from "julian" to "julianSic" using XSLT. Added sourceDesc information for born-digital documents. Standardized respStmts for JENS1, MCFI1, and HOLM3 and added TAKE1 as Junior Programmer. Added XInclude for listPrefixDef in the header. Added abstract element and proper respStmts. Added global publicationStmt through XInclude. Eliminated superfluous catRef elements from the header. Added catRef elements based on the place/type values in the document. Put change elements inside revisionDesc into the correct (latest first) order. Added profileDesc containing document type information expressed in catRef elements. Converted @rend to @style, through XSLT transformation. Transformed existing byline elements into a respStmt element in the header. Left byline elements in place for the moment. Added front element with docTitle as part of a normalization process. This will be used as the definitive page title on rendering. Various updates and fixes made through XSLT, to standardize and normalize encoding practices. Data in the old INDEX1.xml was merged into this file in the form of a facsimile element and a listPlace in the body of the text. Various markup errors were fixed, and markup was normalized to some degree, to make it valid against tei_all. Bread Street
Bread Street Bread Street Bread Street

Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.

Stow tells us that Bread Street was so called of bread in old time there sold: for it appeareth by recordes, that in the yeare 1302 the Bakers of London were bounden to sell no bread in their shops or houses, but in the market (Stow 1:344). By the late sixteenth century, Bread Street had become a residential quarter for wealthy citizens (Kingsford 2:338). Stow notes that Bread Street is now wholy inhabited by rich Marchants, and diuers faire Innes bee there, for good receipt of Carriers, and other trauellers to the city (Stow 1:346). One of these citizens, in the process of enlarging his house, was responsible for an inadvertent archeological discovery in 1595. Quoting a friend’s note almost verbatim (Kingsford 351), Stow tells us that

at Breadstreet corner the north East end, 1595. of Thomas Tomlinson [a skinner (Kingsford 351)] causing in the high street of Cheape a Vaulte to be digged, and made, there was found at fifteene foote deepe, a fayre pauement like vnto that aboue ground, and at the further end of the chanell, was founde a tree sawed in fiue steppes, which was to steppeouer some brooke running out of the west towards Walbrooke, and vpon the edge of the saide Brooke, as it seemeth, there were found lying along the bodies of two great trees, the endes whereof were then sawed off, and firme timber as at the first when they fell, parte of the sayde trees remayne yet in the ground vndigged. It was all forced ground, vntill they went past the trees afore sayde, which was about seuenteene foote deepe, or better, thus much hath the grounde of this Cittie in that place beene raysed from the mayne. Stow 1:345

It seems likely that Tomlinson’s workmen had dug down to the level of the Roman pavement. They may even have uncovered the remains of trees covered by mud in some kind of cataclysm from a much earlier period. No doubt part of Stow’s interest in this discovery derived from the parallels between literal excavation and his own historiographical method: his walk along the horizontal axis of London’s streets is punctuated by periodic forays down the vertical axis of the past.

Bread Street survives in modern London, between Queen Victoria Street and Cheapside Street, crossing Cannon and Watling.

See also: Chalfant 47.