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Database: The Map of Early Modern London
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TY - ELEC
ED - Jenstad, Janelle
T1 - Cross-Index for Pantzer Locations
T2 - The Map of Early Modern London
ET - 7.0
PY - 2022
DA - 2022/05/05
CY - Victoria
PB - University of Victoria
LA - English
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/pantzer.htm
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/pantzer.xml
TY - UNP
ER -
Located in Farringdon Within Ward, Christ’s Hospital was a opened in
Warwick Lane or Eldenese Lane ran north-south from Newgate Street to Paternoster Row. Its name is derived from Warwick’s Inn, a structure built by one of the Earls of Warwick about the
The Old Bailey ran along the outside of the London Wall near
Newgate (Stow 1598, sig. U8v). It is labelled on the Agas map as Olde baily
.
Smithfield was an open, grassy area located outside the Wall. Because of its location close to the city centre, Smithfield was used as a site for markets, tournaments, and public executions. From
The London Charterhouse refers to a series of buildings located at the north-east end of Charterhouse Lane to the west of Aldersgate Street near Smithfield. Throughout the early modern period, the Charterhouse served many functions: prior to the Reformation, it was a Carthusian monastery; however, after the execution of
Cow Lane, located in the Ward of Farringdon Without, began at Holborn Street, and then curved north and east to West Smithfield. Smithfield was a meat market, so the street likely got its name because cows were led through it to market (Bebbington 100). Just as Ironmonger Lane and Milk Street in Cheapside Market were named for the goods located there, these streets leading into Smithfield meat market were named for the animals that could be bought there.
St. Bartholomew the Great was a church in Farringdon Without Ward on the south side of Long Lane, Smithfield. It was made a parish church at the Dissolution of the Monasteries and was declared a gift to the citizens of London for relieving of the Poore
in
Hosier Lane ran west from Pie Corner in Smithfield. It was named for the hosiers who worked on the lane in the fourteenth century. The hosiers later moved to Bow Lane off Cheapside Street, which then became known as Hosier Lane.
St. Bartholomew the Less, formerly the chapel of Saint Bartholomew’s Hospital, was refounded as a parish church in
According to
Aldersgate was one of London’s four original gates (Stow 1598, sig. C7r), labelled Alders gate
on the Agas map. The gate was likely built into the Wall of London during the Roman Conquest, marking the northern entrance into the city.
Foster Lane ran north-south between Cheapside in the south and Oat Lane in the north. It crossed Lily Pot Lane, St. Anne’s Lane, Maiden Lane (Wood Street), and Carey Lane. It sat between St. Martin’s Lane to the west and Gutter Lane to the east. Foster Lane is drawn on the Agas Map in the correct position, labelled as Forster Lane
.
Gutter Lane ran north-south from Cheapside to Maiden Lane (Wood Street). It is to the west of Wood Street and to the east of Foster Lane, lying within the north-eastern most area of Farringdon Ward Within and serving as a boundary to Aldersgate ward. It is labelled as Goutter Lane
on the Agas map.
Maiden Lane (Wood Street)
was shared between Cripplegate Ward, Aldersgate Ward, and Farringdon Within. It ran west from Wood
Street, and originated as a trackway across the Covent Garden
(Bebbington 210) to St. Martin’s Lane.
Aldermanbury ran north-south, between Lad Lane in the south and Love Lane in the north and parallel between Wood Street in the west and Basinghall Street in the east. It lay wholly in Cripplegate Ward. This street is not to be confused with Alderman Bury, the former meeting place of the
London Wall was a long street running along the inside of the northern part of the City Wall. It ran east-west from the north end of Broad Street to Cripplegate (Prockter and Taylor 43). The modern London Wall street is a major traffic thoroughfare now. It follows roughly the route of the former wall, from Old Broad Street to the Museum of London (whose address is 150 London Wall).
Milk Street, located in Cripplegate Ward, began on the north side of Cheapside Street, and ran north to a square formed at the intersection of Milk Street, Cat Street (Lothbury), Lad Lane, and Aldermanbury.
Moorgate was one of the major gates in the Wall of London (Sugden). It was situated in the northern part of the Wall, flanked by Cripplegate and Bishopsgate. Clearly labelled as More Gate
on the Agas map, it stood near the intersection of London Wall street and Coleman Street (Sugden; Stow 1598, sig. C6v). It adjoined Bethlehem Hospital, and the road through it led into Finsbury Field (Rocque) and Mallow Field.
Old Jewry ran north-south between Lothbury and Poultry and was located in Cheap Ward and Coleman Street Ward. The street was named for being one of the places where Jews inhabited in London before
Silver Street was a small but historically significant street that ran east-west, emerging out of Noble Street in the west and merging into Addle Street in the east. Monkwell Street (labelled Muggle St.
on the Agas map) lay to the north of Silver Street and seems to have marked its westernmost point, and Little Wood Street, also to the north, marked its easternmost point. Silver Street ran through Cripplegate Ward and Farringdon Within Ward. It is labelled as Syluer Str.
on the Agas map and is drawn correctly. Perhaps the most noteworthy historical fact about Silver Street is that it was the location of one of the houses in which
Wood Street ran north-south, connecting at its southernmost end with Cheapside Street and continuing northward to Little Wood Street, which led directly into Cripplegate. It crossed over Huggin Lane, Lad Lane, Maiden Lane (Wood Street), Love Lane, Addle Lane, and Silver Street, and ran parallel to Milk Street in the east and Gutter Lane in the west. Wood Street lay within Cripplegate Ward. It is labelled as Wood Streat
on the Agas map and is drawn in the correct position.
Barbican was a historically significant street that ran east-west, connecting Aldersgate Street in the west with Redcross Street and Golden Lane in the east. Barbican was more then halfe
contained by Cripplegate Ward, with the rest lying within Aldersgate Ward (Stow 1:291). The street is labeled on the Agas map as Barbican
.
Cripplegate was one of the original gates in the city wall (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 221; Harben). It was the northern gate of a large fortress that occupied the northwestern corner of the Roman city.
For information about St. Giles, Cripplegate, a modern map marking the site where the it once stood, and a walking tour that will take you to the site, visit the
Grub Street could be found outside the walled City of London. It ran north-south, between Everades Well Street in the north and Fore Lane in the south. Grub Street was partially in Cripplegate ward, and partially outside the limits of the City of London.
Finsbury Field is located in northen London outside the London Wall. Note that MoEML correctly locates Finsbury Field, which the label on the Agas map confuses with Mallow Field (Prockter 40). Located nearby is Finsbury Court. Finsbury Field is outside of the city wards within the borough of Islington (Mills 81).
Austin Friars was a church on the west side of Broad Street in Broad
Street Ward. It was formerly part of the Priory of Augustine Friars, established in 1253. At the dissolution
of the monastery in 1539, the West end [of the church] thereof inclosed from
the steeple, and Quier, was in the yeare 1550. graunted to the Dutch Nation in
London [by
(Stow). The Quier
and side Isles to the Quier adioyning, he reserued to housholde vses, as for
stowage of corne, coale, and other things
(Stow). The church, completely rebuilt in the nineteenth century and
then again mid-way through the twentieth century, still belongs to Dutch
Protestants to this day.
Bishopsgate Street ran north from Cornhill Street to the southern end of Shoreditch Street at the city boundary. South of
Cornhill, the road became Gracechurch Street, and the two streets formed a
major north-south artery in the eastern end of the walled city of London, from
London Bridge to Shoreditch. Important sites included: Bethlehem Hospital, a mental hospital, and Bull Inn, a place where plays were performed before
(Weinreb and Hibbert
67).
St. Helen’s was a priory of Benedictine nuns located
in Bishopsgate Ward between St. Mary Axe Street and Bishopsgate Street. St. Helen’s is visible on the Agas map with the
label
S. Elen
written in the churchyard.
The church of St. Mary Axe was a church on the west side of St. Mary Axe
Street in Lime Street Ward. S. Marie the virgine, Saint Vrsula, and the 11000. Virgins
and believed that its common name, St. Mary Axe, derived from a sign near the
church’s east side (Stow). However, a
document written during the
Although its name evokes the pandemonium of the archetypal madhouse, Bethlehem (Bethlem, Bedlam) Hospital was not always an asylum. As Priorie of Cannons with brethren and
sisters
, founded in one of the Sheriffes of London
(Stow 1:164). We know from
Aldgate Street ran slightly south-west from Aldgate until it reached a pump, formerly a sweet well. At that point, the street forked into two streets. The northern branch, called Aldgate Street, ran west until it ran into Cornhill at Lime Street. At an earlier point in history, Cornhill seems to have extended east past Lime Street because the church of St. Andrew Undershaft was called St. Andrew upon Cornhill (Harben 10).
According to
Leadenhall Street ran east-west from Cornhill Street to Aldgate Street. All three form part of the same road from Aldgate to Cheapside Street (Weinreb and Hibbert 462). The street acquired its name from Leadenhall, a onetime house and later a market. The building was reportedly famous for having a leaden roof (Bebbington 197).
Aldgate was the easternmost gate into the walled
city. The name Aldgate
is thought to come from one of four sources:
Eastern gate
(Ekwall 36), ale
, public gate
or open to all
, or old gate
(Bebbington
20–21).
Running south from Aldgate Street to Little Tower Hill, Minories derives its name from the Abbey of St. Clare, called the Abbey of the Minoresses of St. Clare, which stood at the street’s midpoint (Harben 416).
The Little Conduit (Cheapside), also known as the Pissing Conduit, stood at the western end of Cheapside Street outside the north corner of Paul’s Churchyard. On the Agas map, one can see two water cans on the ground just to the right of the conduit.
Goldsmiths’ Row was a section on the south side of Cheapside Street, by Cheapside Cross. Goldsmiths’ Row and the shops and homes of other wealthy merchants made the street an elite and attractive one.
According to
Threadneedle Street ran east-west from Bishopsgate Street to Cornhill and the Stocks Market. It
passed the north end of the Royal Exchange and was
entirely in Broad Street Ward. Threadneedle Street, also called
Broad Street ran north-south from All Hallows, London Wall to Threadneedle Street and to a Pumpe ouer against Saint Bennets church
(Stow). Broad Street, labelled Brode Streat
on the Agas map, was entirely in
Broad Street Ward. The street’s name was a
reference to its width and importance (Harben).
St. Anthony’s Hospital was associated with the
Parish of St. Benet (Fink) and was on the opposite side of Threadneedle Street from the church of the parish, St. Benet Fink.
According to the christians obtayned of the king that it should be
dedicated to our blessed Lady, and since an Hospital being there builded, was called S. Anthonies in
London
(Stow 1598, sig. K8v). The hospital
consisted of a church, almsnouse, and school.
Located in Broad Street Ward and Cornhill Ward, the Royal Exchange was opened in
Castle Alley, Cornhill was a small passage that ran north-south along the western side of the Royal Exchange, connecting Threadneedle street and Cornhill. It crossed the boundary lines of Cornhill Ward and Broad Street Ward, and was named for the sign of the Castle (Stow).
Not labelled on the Agas map, the Conduit upon Cornhill is thought to have been located in the middle of Cornhill Ward and opposite the north end of Change Alley and the eastern side of the Royal Exchange
(Harben 167; BHO). Formerly a prison, it was built to bring fresh water from Tyburn to Cornhill.
Pope’s Head Alley ran south from Cornhill to Lombard Street, and was named for the Pope’s Head Tavern that stood at its northern end. Although it does not appear on the Agas Map, its approximate location can be surmised since all three streets still exist. Although Imprinted by
(Stow 1598, sig. A1r). Booksellers proliferated the alley in the early years of the
Lombard Street was known by early modern Londoners as a place of commerce and trade. Running east to west from Gracechurch Street to Poultry, Lombard Street bordered Langbourn Ward, Walbrook Ward, Bridge Within Ward, and Candlewick Street Ward.
Abchurch Lane runs north-south from
Lombard Street to Candlewick Street. The
Agas Map labels it Abchurche
lane
. It lies mainly in Candlewick
Street Ward, but part of it serves as the boundary between Langbourne Ward and Candlewick Street Ward.
Cornhill was a significant thoroughfare and was part of the cityʼs main major east-west thoroughfare that divided the northern half of London from the southern half. The part of this thoroughfare named Cornhill extended from St. Andrew Undershaft to the three-way intersection of Threadneedle, Poultry, and Cornhill where the Royal Exchange was built. The name Cornhill
preserves a memory both of the cornmarket that took place in this street, and of the topography of the site upon
which the Roman city of Londinium was built.
Note: Cornhill and Cornhill Ward are nearly synonymous in terms of location and nomenclature - thus, it can be a challenge to tell one from the other. Topographical decisions have been made to the best of our knowledge and ability.
St. Dionis Backchurch was located on the southwest side of Lime Street on the border between Langbourn Ward and Billingsgate Ward (Stow 1633, sig. V1r-V1v). The church is dedicated to the patron saint of France, St. Denys or Dionysius, which, as Harben notes, is the only church in the City with this dedication, and suggests the French influence which prevailed in England during the 11th and 12th centuries
(Harben). The church was built in the
Gracechurch Street ran north-south from Cornhill Street near Leadenhall Market to the bridge. At the southern end, it was called
New Fish Street
. North of Cornhill, Gracechurch
continued as Bishopsgate Street, leading through
Bishop’s Gate out of the walled city into the
suburb of Shoreditch.
Lime Street is a street that ran north-south from Leadenhall Street in the north to Fenchurch Street in the south. It was west of St. Andrew Undershaft and east of Leadenhall. It appears that the street was so named because people made or sold Lime there (Stow). This claim has some historical merit; in the 1150s one Ailnoth the limeburner lived in the area (Harben; BHO).
Carter Lane ran east-west between Creed Lane in the west, past Paul’s Chain, to Old Change in the East. It ran parallel to St. Paul’s Churchyard in the north and Knightrider Street in the south. It lay within Castle Baynard Ward and Farringdon Ward Within. It is labelled as Carter lane
on the Agas map.
Knightrider Street ran east-west from Dowgate Street to Addle Hill, crossing College Hill, Garlick Hill, Trinity Lane, Huggin Lane, Bread Street, Old Fish Street Hill, Lambert or Lambeth Hill, St. Peter’s Hill, and Paul’s Chain. Significant landmarks included: the College of Physicians and Doctors’ Commons.
Paul’s Chain was a street that ran north-south between St Paul’s Churchyard and Paul’s Wharf, crossing over Carter Lane, Knightrider Street, and Thames Street. It was in Castle Baynard Ward. On the Agas map, it is labelled Paules chayne
. The precinct wall around St. Paul’s Church had six gates, one of which was on the south side by Paul’s Chain. It was here that a chain used to be drawn across the carriage-way entrance in order to preserve silence during church services.
Puddle Wharf was a water gate along the north bank
of the Thames (Stow). Also known as Puddle Dock, it was located in Castle Baynard Ward, down from St. Andrew’s Hill. Puddle Wharf was built in
According to Schofield, Paul’s Wharf is one of the oldest wharfs on the Thames (Schofield 181). Located in both Castle Baynard Ward and Queenhithe Ward, Paul’s Wharf was situated near St. Paul’s Cathedral and St. Benet. Since Paul’s Wharf was only blocks away from St. Paul’s Cathedral, the clergy used the wharf as a point of travel.
Distaff Lane was in Bread Street Ward. It is not to be confused with Great Distaff Street, the street which crossed the northernmost end of Distaff Lane. There is some discrepancy in the exact length of Distaff Lane between the Agas Map and the information in
Diſtaf la.) appears to run south off Great Distaff Street, labelled
Maidenhed lane, terminating before it reaches Knightrider Street.
runneth downe to Knightriders street, or olde Fishstreete(Stow 1:345). Our map truncates Distaff Lane before Knightrider Street.
Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.
Trinity Lane ran north-south between
Old Fish Street (Knightrider Street) and Thames Street, between Garlick Hill and Huggin Lane, entirely in the ward of Queenhithe. On the Agas map, it is
labelled Trinitie lane
.
Lambeth Hill ran north-south between Knightrider Street and Thames Street. Part of it lay in Queenhithe Ward and part in Castle Baynard Ward. The Blacksmiths’ Hall was located on the west side of this street, but the precise location is unknown.
Bread Street Hill ran north-south between Old Fish Street and Thames Street.
The label for this street on the Agas Map reads Bread
ſtreat
, but we know from Huggen
lane
and S. Mary Mounthaunt
(St. Mary Mounthaunt is another name for Old Fish Street Hill) (Stow 2:1).
The Steelyard was the chief outpost of the
Candlewick, Candlewright, or, later, Cannon Street, ran east-west from Walbrook Street in the west to the beginning of Eastcheap at its eastern terminus. Candlewick Street became Eastcheap somewhere around St. Clements Lane, and led into a great meat market (Stow 1:217). Together with streets such as Budge Row, Watling Street, and Tower Street, which all joined into each other, Candlewick Street formed the main east-west road through London between Ludgate and Posterngate.
New Fish Street (also known in the New Fyſhe ſtreate
. Variant spellings include Street of London Bridge
, Brigestret
, Brugestret
, and Newfishstrete
(Harben 432; BHO).
As the only bridge in London crossing the Thames until
The church of St. Magnus the Martyr, believed to be founded some time in the eleventh century, was on the south side of Thames Street just north of London Bridge. According to Stow, in its churchyard haue béene buried many men of good worſhip, whoſe monumentes are now for the moſt part vtterly defaced
, including
St. Botolph’s Billingsgate Church was located on the southwest corner of the intersection of Botolph Lane and Thames Street in Billingsgate Ward. It is not labelled on the Agas map. It was one of the four London churches named after the seventh-century Anglo-Saxon monk,
One of the
Mark Lane ran north-south from Fenchurch Street to Tower
Street. It was for the most parte of this Towerstreet warde
(Stow). The north end of the street, from Fenchurch Street to Hart
Street was divided between Aldgate Ward
and Landbourn Ward. so called of a Priuiledge sometime
enjoyed to keepe a mart there, long since discontinued, and therefore forgotten,
so as nothing remaineth for memorie
(Stow). Modern scholars have suggested that it was
instead named after the mart, where oxen were fattened for slaughter (Harben).
St. Katherine’s Hospital was a religious hospital
founded in was not much inferior to
that of [St.] Paules [Cathedral]
(Stow).
Holborn Bridge or Oldboorne bridge (Stow) spanned the Fleet Ditch at Holborn Street. Located in the ward of Farringdon Without, the bridge was part of a major westward thoroughfare.
Shoe Lane, or Shoe Alley as it was sometimes called in the
sixteenth century (Ekwall 110), was
outside the city wall, in the ward of Faringdon Without. It ran north-south, parallel to the course of
the Fleet River. Until
St. Andrew Holborn was a parish church in Farringdon Without Ward, located on Holborn street between Fetter Lane and Shoe Lane. It is located on the Agas map and is labelled as S. Andrews
. According to the largest of his parish churches, measuring 32 by 19 meters and costing £9,000
(Weinreb and Hibbert 741).
Fetter Lane ran north-south between
Holborn Street and Fleet Street, in the ward of Farringdon Without, past the east side of the
church of Saint Dunstan’s in the West. Fewtars Lane
, Fewter Lane
, or Fewters Lane
(Stow 2:21, 2:22), and claimed that it was so called of Fewters (or
idle people) lying there
(Stow 2:39).
Gray’s Inn was one of the four Inns of Court.
Chancery Lane was built sometime
around in
(Bebbington 78).
Lincoln’s Inn was one of the four Inns of Court.
Fleet Street runs east-west from Temple Bar to Fleet Hill or Ludgate Hill, and is named for the Fleet River. The road has existed since at least the
Somerset House (labelled as Somerſet Palace
on the Agas map) was a significant site for royalty in early modern London. Erected in
Savoy Hospital was located along the Strand in Westminster.
for the
reliefe of one hundreth poore people
(Stow 1598, sig. 2D7r). The hospital was suppressed by
Durham House was located in the Strand, west of Ivy Bridge Lane. It stood at the border between the Duchy of Lancaster and Westminster.
The construction of the New Exchange in
Located on the northern bank of the Thames, York House was just west of Durham House, on the south side of the Strand. Records of York House date back to the thirteenth century, when the location was owned by the Bishops of Norwich and was referred to as Norwich Place (Gater and Wheeler). In
Charing Cross was one of twelve memorial crosses erected by builded of stone
and was of old time a fayre péece of work
(Stow 1598, sig. 2B3r). It stood for three and a half centuries, but by the beginning of the 17th century [the cross] had fallen into a very ruinous condition
(Sugden). It, as well as the other crosses, was condemned in
Whitehall Palace, the Palace of Whitehall or simply Whitehall, was one of the most complex and sizeable locations in the entirety of early modern Europe. As the primary place of residence for monarchs from [i]t lay on the left bank of the Thames, and extended from nearly the point where Westminster Bdge. now crosses the river to Scotland Yard, and from the river back to St. James’s Park
(Sugden 564-565).
Westminster Hall is the only surviving part of the original Palace of Westminster
(Weinreb and Hibbert 1011) and is located on the west side of the Thames. It is located on the bottom left-hand corner of the Agas map, and is labelled as Weſtmynſter hall
. Originally built as an extension to
The Julian calendar, in use in the British Empire until September 1752. This calendar is used for dates where the date of the beginning of the year is ambigious.
The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.
The Julian calendar with the calendar year beginning on 25 March. This was the calendar used in the British Empire until September 1752.
The Gregorian calendar, used in the British Empire from September 1752. Sometimes
referred to as
The Anno Mundi (year of the world
) calendar is based on the supposed date of the
creation of the world, which is calculated from Biblical sources. At least two different
creation dates are in common use. See Anno Mundi (Wikipedia).
Regnal dates are given as the number of years into the reign of a particular monarch.
Our practice is to tag such dates with
Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.
Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.
Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.
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