The Strand Author Neil Baldwin Copy Editor Joey Takeda Programmer Stewart Arneil Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3 Janelle Jenstad london@uvic.ca

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 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Baldwin, Neil ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - The Strand T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/STRA9.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/STRA9.xml ER - Baldwin, Neil. The Strand. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/STRA9.htm. Baldwin, Neil. The Strand. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/STRA9.htm. Baldwin, N. 2022. The Strand. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/STRA9.htm. Born digital. Borer, Mary Cathcart. The City of London: A History. New York: McKay, 1977. Print. Chalfant, Fran C. Ben Jonson’s London: A Jacobean Placename Dictionary. Athens: U of Georgia P, 1978. Print. Holmes, Martin. Elizabethan London. London: Cassell, 1969. Print. Stone, Lawrence. Family and Fortune: Studies in Aristocratic Finance in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Oxford: Clarendon, 1973. Print. Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. See also the digital transcription of this edition at British History Online. The Thames Information is not yet available. (THAM2.xml) London

The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (London).

(LOND5.xml) Temple Bar

Temple Bar was one of the principle entrances to the city of London, dividing the Strand to the west and Fleet Street to the east. It was an ancient right of way and toll gate. Walter Thornbury dates the wooden gate structure shown in the Agas Map to the early Tudor period, and describes a number of historical pageants that processed through it, including the funeral procession of Henry V, and it was the scene of King James I’s first entry to the city (Thornbury 1878). The wooden structure was demolished in 1670 and a stone gate built in its place (Sugden 505).

(TEMP1.xml) Charing Cross

Charing Cross was one of twelve memorial crosses erected by King Edward I in memory of his wife, Eleanor of Castile. The cross was builded of stone and was of old time a fayre péece of work (Stow 1598, sig. 2B3r). It stood for three and a half centuries, but by the beginning of the 17th century [the cross] had fallen into a very ruinous condition (Sugden). It, as well as the other crosses, was condemned in 1643 and demolished in 1647.

(CHAR1.xml) Westminster Information is not yet available. (WEST6.xml) Westminster Palace Information is not yet available. (WEST5.xml) New Exchange

The construction of the New Exchange in 1608–1609 demonstrated the efficiency of London development under the supervision of Lord Treasurer Sir Robert Cecil, established a significant competitor to John Gresham’s Royal Exchange, and expanded London fashion westward. Nicknamed Britain’s Burse by King James I during a christening entertainment staged by Ben Jonson, the New Exchange became a symbol of commercial strength in a consolidated British kingdom, as well as a new indoor model of shopping that invited more women into the sphere of luxury sales and consumption throughout the seventeenth century.

(NEWE1.xml) PLACEHOLDER LOCATION

PLACEHOLDER LOCATION ITEM. The purpose of this item is to allow encoders to link to a location item when they cannot add a new location file for some reason. MoEML may still be seeking information regarding this entry. If you have information to contribute, please contact the MoEML team.

(LLLL1.xml) Somerset House

Somerset House (labelled as Somerſet Palace on the Agas map) was a significant site for royalty in early modern London. Erected in 1550 on the Strand between Ivy Bridge Lane and Strand Lane, it was built for Lord Protector Somerset and was was England’s first Renaissance palace.

(SOME1.xml) Strand Inn

One of the Inns of Chancery.

(STRA7.xml) Bedford House Information is not yet available. (BEDF1.xml) Covent Garden Information is not yet available. (CONV1.xml) Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey was and continues to be a historically significant church. One of its many notable features is Poets’ Corner. Located in the south transept of the church, it is the final resting place of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, and many other notable authors; in 1740, a monument for William Shakespeare was erected in Westminster Abbey (ShaLT). The church is located on the bottom-left corner of the Agas map.

(WEST1.xml) Durham House

Durham House was located in the Strand, west of Ivy Bridge Lane. It stood at the border between the Duchy of Lancaster and Westminster.

(DURH1.xml) Ivy Bridge Lane Information is not yet available. (IVYB1.xml) Royal Exchange

Located in Broad Street Ward and Cornhill Ward, the Royal Exchange was opened in 1570 to make business more convenient for merchants and tradesmen (Harben 512). The construction of the Royal Exchange was largely funded by Sir Thomas Gresham (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 718).

(ROYA1.xml)

Named for its location on the bank of the Thames, the Strand leads outside the City of London from Temple Bar through what was formerly the Duchy of Lancaster to Charing Cross in what was once the city of Westminster. There were three main phases in the evolution of the Strand in early modern times: occupation by the bishops, occupation by the nobility, and commercial development.

The Julian calendar, in use in the British Empire until September 1752. This calendar is used for dates where the date of the beginning of the year is ambigious.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year beginning on 25 March. This was the calendar used in the British Empire until September 1752.

The Gregorian calendar, used in the British Empire from September 1752. Sometimes referred to as New Style (NS). Years run from January 1 through December 31.

The Anno Mundi (year of the world) calendar is based on the supposed date of the creation of the world, which is calculated from Biblical sources. At least two different creation dates are in common use. See Anno Mundi (Wikipedia).

Regnal dates are given as the number of years into the reign of a particular monarch. Our practice is to tag such dates with calendar=regnal, and provide an equivalent date using a more systematic calendar (usually Julian) in a custom dating attribute.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Tye Landels-Gruenewald Tye Landels-Gruenewald TLG

Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.

 Melanie Chernyk Melanie Chernyk MJC

Research Assistant, 2004–2008. BA honours, 2006. MA English, University of Victoria, 2007. Melanie Chernyk went on to work at the Electronic Textual Cultures Lab at the University of Victoria and now manages Talisman Books and Gallery on Pender Island, BC. She also has her own editing business at http://26letters.ca.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Stewart Arneil Stewart Arneil

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC) who maintained the Map of London project between 2006 and 2011. Stewart was a co-applicant on the SSHRC Insight Grant for 2012–16.

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 Neil Baldwin Neil Baldwin NB

Student contributor enrolled in English 412: Representations of London at the University of Windsor in Fall 2002. BA honours student, English Language and Literature, University of Windsor.

 Sir Robert Cecil Sir Robert Cecil

First Earl of Salisbury. Lord Privy Seal 1598-1608. Lord High Treasurer 1608-1612. Son of Sir William Cecil and Mildred Cecil. Brother of Anne Cecil.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Edward VI Edward VI King of England King of Ireland

King of England and Ireland 1547-1553. Buried at Henry VII’s Chapel.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Elizabeth I Elizabeth I Queen of England Queen of Ireland Gloriana Good Queen Bess

Queen of England and Ireland 1558-1603.

ODNB EB Wikipedia James VI and I James VI I King of Scotland King of England King of Ireland

King of Scotland 1567-1625. King of England and Ireland 1603-1625.

ODNB Wikipedia Inigo Jones Inigo Jones

Architect and theatre designer.

ODNB Wikipedia John Russell John Russell

First Earl of Bedford.

ODNB Wikipedia Edward Seymour Edward Seymour

Duke of Somerset. Husband of Anne Seymour. Father of Edward Seymour and Jane Seymour.

ODNB Wikipedia Sir Robert Dudley Sir Robert Dudley

Earl of Leicester 1564-1588. Courtier and friend of Elizabeth I.

EB ODNB Wikipedia William Paget William Paget

First Baron Paget. Served Henry VIII, Edward VI, and Mary I.

ODNB Wikipedia

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The Strand The Strand The Strand The Strand

Named for its location on the bank of the Thames, the Strand leads outside the City of London from Temple Bar through what was formerly the Duchy of Lancaster to Charing Cross in what was once the city of Westminster. There were three main phases in the evolution of the Strand in early modern times: occupation by the bishops, occupation by the nobility, and commercial development. When the Thames served as the main means of transportation, bishops lived in country houses along the rough road known as the Strand so that they could be near Westminster. Their country houses were large quadrangles situated on the bank of the Thames. Desiring to be closer to court, the nobility gradually displaced the bishops as occupants of these houses. Especially with the construction of the New Exchange in 1609, the Strand became increasingly commercial as merchants set up shop where they could attract the business of the nobility. As the Strand developed commercially, the nobility left, many of the great houses were torn down, and coffee houses and coaches appeared (Borer 158; Holmes 6, 91; Stow 2:393).

Leicester House

The first of the great houses west from Temple Bar was Leicester House. Formerly the country house of the bishops of Exeter, Leicester House was owned successively by William Paget, Robert Dudley the Earl of Leicester, who rebuilt the house, and the Earl of Essex, who was executed for treason under Elizabeth I (Borer 156; Holmes 90–91; Stow 2:393–394).

Somerset House

In 1549, bishops’ lodgings, a parish church, and an inn of chancery called Chester’s Inn or Strand Inn were razed, and Somerset House was erected by Edward Duke of Somerset, uncle and lord protector to Edward VI. Elizabeth I also lived here before she became queen. Although Somerset House was maintained as a palace, it was rarely used by the royals and was handed over to the government in 1775 (Borer 156; Stow 2:394–395).

Russell House and Covent Garden

Formerly the Bishop of Carlisle’s inn, Russell House was owned by John Russell, Earl of Bedford. Across the Strand, the abbots of Westminster owned acres of land where excess produce from their orchards was sold. People from nearby villages began to take their own produce there to sell it. In 1552, the Earl of Bedford took possession of this unauthorized market known as Covent Garden. In the 1630s, the Russell family hired Inigo Jones to design the piazza (Borer 158–59; Stow 2:393).

Durham House and the New Exchange (Britain’s Burse)

West of Ivy Bridge Lane, which marked the border between the Duchy of Lancaster and Westminster, stood Durham House. Initially built for the bishops of Durham,the house was eventually owned by principal secretary to the monarch and chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Sir Robert Cecil. Durham House became the site of Cecil’s New Exchange, also named Britain’s Burse by James I at the opening ceremony in 1609. A rival to the Royal Exchange in London, the New Exchange in Westminster drew London merchants outside the jurisdiction of the City where they could cater to the wealthy (Borer 157; Stone 96–97, 100, 103; Stow 2:400).

See also: Chalfant 169-71.