Churches in Aldgate Author Janelle Jenstad Encoder Cameron Butt Proofreader Jamie Zabel Markup Editor Kate LeBere Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3 Janelle Jenstad london@uvic.ca

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 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Jenstad, Janelle ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Churches in Aldgate T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/CHUR4.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/CHUR4.xml ER - Jenstad, Janelle. Churches in Aldgate. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/CHUR4.htm. Jenstad, Janelle. Churches in Aldgate. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/CHUR4.htm. Jenstad, J. 2022. Churches in Aldgate. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/CHUR4.htm. Born digital. Page, William, ed. London Within the Bars, Westminster, and Southwark. Vol. 1 of A History of the County of London. London: Victoria Country History, 1909. Remediated by British History Online. Aldgate Ward

Aldgate Ward is located within the London Wall and east of Lime Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Aldgate Street, are named after Aldgate, the eastern gate into the walled city (Stow 1633, sig. N6v).

(ALDG2.xml) St. Katherine Cree

Not to be confused with St. Katherine Church, St. Katherine Cree was an old parish church in Aldgate Ward located on the north side of Leadenhall Street between Aldgate and St. Mary Axe. Stow reports that the church was so old that one had to descend seven steps to enter it. He also adds that the church’s steeple and bell tower, built in 1504, were the most recent additions (Stow). St. Katherine Cree is also known by the names St. Katherine and the Blessed Trinity and St. Katherine Christ Church. The Church is drawn on the Agas map on the north side of Leadenhall Street, south of Holy Trinity Priory and east of the well in Aldgate Street. It has no label accompanying it.

(STCA1.xml) St. Andrew Undershaft

St. Andrew Undershaft stands at the southeast corner of St. Mary Axe Street in Aldgate Ward.The church of St. Andrew Undershaft is the final resting place of John Stow.

(STAN8.xml) St. Katherine Coleman

St. Katherine Coleman was also called St. Katherine and All Saints and All Hallows Coleman Church (Harben). The church can be found on the Agas map, west of Northumberland House. It is labelled S. Katerin colmans.

(STKA1.xml) Holy Trinity Priory

Holy Trinity Priory, located west of Aldgate and north of Leadenhall Street, was an Augustinian Priory. Stow notes that Queen Matilda established the Priory in 1108 in the parishes of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the holy Trinitie (Stow). Before Matilda united these parishes under the name Holy Trinity Priory, they were collectively known as the Holy Cross or Holy Roode parish (Stow; Harben).

(HOLY1.xml) Leadenhall Street

Leadenhall Street ran east-west from Cornhill Street to Aldgate Street. All three form part of the same road from Aldgate to Cheapside Street (Weinreb and Hibbert 462). The street acquired its name from Leadenhall, a onetime house and later a market. The building was reportedly famous for having a leaden roof (Bebbington 197).

(LEAD2.xml) Parish of St. Mary Magdalen (Aldgate)

Parish containing the St. Mary Magdalen Church.

(STMA142.xml) Parish of St. Michael (Aldgate)

One of the parishes that became part of Holy Trinity Priory in 1108. Its bounds contained the church of St. Michael (Aldgate).

(STMI111.xml) Parish of St. Katherine (Aldgate)

One of the parishes that became part of Holy Trinity Priory in 1108. Its bounds contained the church of St. Katherine, Aldgate.

(STKA109.xml) St. Mary Magdalen (Aldgate)

St. Mary Magdalen (Aldgate) is an old parish church absorbed by Holy Trinity Priory in 1108. According to Stow, the church was begun by Siredus (Stow). It is not to be confused with the chapel of St. Mary Magdalen in the Guildhall, St. Mary Magdalen (Milk Street) or St. Mary Magdalen (Old Fish Street).

(STMA42.xml) St. Michael (Aldgate)

St. Michael, Aldgate, was an old parish church that was absorbed by Holy Trinity Priory in 1108 along with the parishes of St. Mary Magdalen, Aldgate, and St. Katherine Cree. According to a papal bull written during the pontificate of Innocent III, it was located in the churchyard of Holy Trinity Priory (Harben).

(STMI11.xml) St. Katherine (Holy Trinity)

St. Katherine, Aldgate was an old parish church absorbed by Holy Trinity Priory in 1108. It should not be confused with St. Katherine Cree or St. Katherine Coleman.

(STKA9.xml) St. Mary Axe Street

St. Mary Axe ran north-south from the church of St. Augustine Papey to Leadenhall Street. Stow remarks that the east side of the street belonged to Aldgate Ward, while the west side lay within the boundary of Lime Street Ward (Stow). It was named after the church of St. Mary Axe, located near the northwest corner of the street.

(STMA7.xml) Aldgate Street

Aldgate Street ran slightly south-west from Aldgate until it reached a pump, formerly a sweet well. At that point, the street forked into two streets. The northern branch, called Aldgate Street, ran west until it ran into Cornhill at Lime Street. At an earlier point in history, Cornhill seems to have extended east past Lime Street because the church of St. Andrew Undershaft was called St. Andrew upon Cornhill (Harben 10).

(ALDG4.xml) St. Mary Axe

The church of St. Mary Axe was a church on the west side of St. Mary Axe Street in Lime Street Ward. Stow asserts the church’s full name and dedication was S. Marie the virgine, Saint Vrsula, and the 11000. Virgins and believed that its common name, St. Mary Axe, derived from a sign near the church’s east side (Stow). However, a document written during the reign of Henry VIII suggests a different history of its name. The church, dedicated to 11,000 martyred virgins, supposedly contained the three axes that were used in their executions (Harben).

(STMA41.xml) Parish of St. Andrew (Undershaft) Information is not yet available. (STAN108.xml) Fenchurch Street

Fenchurch Street (often called Fennieabout) ran east-west from the pump on Aldgate High Street to Gracechurch Street in Langbourne Ward, crossing Mark Lane, Mincing Lane, and Rodd Lane along the way. Fenchurch Street was home to several famous landmarks, including the King’s Head Tavern, where the then-Princess Elizabeth is said to have partaken in pork and peas after her sister, Mary I, released her from the Tower of London in May of 1554 (Weinreb, Hibbert, Keay, and Keay 288). Fenchurch Street was on the royal processional route through the city, toured by monarchs on the day before their coronations.

(FENC1.xml) The reign of Henry I

John Stow’s ward-by-ward list of parish churches names three churches in Aldgate Ward: Saint Katherine Christs Church (Stow 1633, sig. O4r), Saint Andrew Vndershaft (Stow 1633, sig. O4v), and S. Katharine, called Coleman (Stow 1633, sig. P1v). MoEML however, links four churches to entries in our encyclopedia. This discrepancy is the result of different ways of thinking about the churches: Stow lists active parishes (institutions), whereas our map shows physical buildings on particular sites.

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 Jamie Zabel Jamie Zabel JZ

Research Assistant, 2020-2021. Managing Encoder, 2020-2021. Jamie Zabel was an MA student at the University of Victoria in the Department of English. She completed her BA in English at the University of British Columbia in 2017. She published a paper in University College London’s graduate publication Moveable Type (2020) and presented at the University of Victoria’s 2021 Digital Humanities Summer Institute. During her time at MoEML, she made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey as proofreader, editor, and encoder, coordinated the encoding of the 1633 edition, and researched and authored a number of encyclopedia articles and geo-coordinates to supplement both editions. She also played a key role in managing the correction process of MoEML’s Gazetteer.

 Kate LeBere Kate LeBere KL

Project Manager, 2020-2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019-2020. Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. She published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. During her time at MoEML, Kate made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey of London, old-spelling anthology of mayoral shows, and old-spelling library texts. She authored the MoEML’s first Project Management Manual and quickstart guidelines for new employees and helped standardize the Personography and Bibliography. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Tye Landels-Gruenewald Tye Landels-Gruenewald TLG

Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.

 Cameron Butt Cameron Butt CB

Research Assistant, 2012–2013. Cameron Butt completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2013. He minored in French and has a keen interest in Shakespeare, film, media studies, popular culture, and the geohumanities.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 Henry VIII Henry VIII King of England King of Ireland

King of England and Ireland 1509-1547.

ODNB Wikipedia Henry I Henry I King of England Beauclerc

King of England 1100-1135.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Matilda of Scotland Matilda Queen consort of England

Queen consort of England 1100-1118. Wife of Henry I. Buried at Westminster Abbey.

ODNB Wikipedia John Stow John Stow

Historian and author of A Survey of London. Husband of Elizabeth Stow.

MoEML ODNB Wikipedia

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John Stow’s ward-by-ward list of parish churches names three churches in Aldgate Ward: Saint Katherine Christs Church (Stow 1633, sig. O4r), Saint Andrew Vndershaft (Stow 1633, sig. O4v), and S. Katharine, called Coleman (Stow 1633, sig. P1v). MoEML however, links four churches to entries in our encyclopedia. This discrepancy is the result of different ways of thinking about the churches: Stow lists active parishes (institutions), whereas our map shows physical buildings on particular sites. Although Holy Trinity Priory (the progenitor of St. Katherine Cree) had been dissolved in 1531–1532, its buildings remained on the site just north of the parish church of St. Katherine Cree (or St. Katherine Christ Church). On the Agas map, the complex of buildings formerly belonging to Holy Trinity Priory is labelled Crychur, even through the buildings were now owned by various merchants and courtiers. Just south of this complex, on Leadenhall Street, stands the parish church of St. Katherine Cree.

Our encyclopedia has separate entries for St. Katherine Cree and for Holy Trinity Priory (Christ Church), but the two institutions have an entwined history.

Timeline 1108: There were three parishes in this area: Parish of St. Mary Magdalen (Aldgate), Parish of St. Michael (Aldgate), and the Parish of St. Katherine (Aldgate). Collectively, they seem to have been known as the Parish of Holy Trinity. c. 1107 or 1108: Holy Trinity Priory was founded during the reign of Henry I at the instigation of his first wife, Matilda of Scotland, on the site of the church of the Holy Cross and St. Mary Magdalene (Page 465-475). The former chapel of St. Michael and the church of St. Katherine, Aldgate were in the yard of the priory. Holy Trinity Priory was also known as Christ Church. The parishioners of the three parishes continued their worship in the Priory church. 1280: St. Katherine Cree was founded by the Prior to give the parishioners their own place of worship where they would not disrupt the activities of the priory. Cree is a corruption of Christ Church. February 1532: The priory was dissolved during the dissolution of the monasteries. The lands and buildings were sold or given by Henry VIII to courtiers and prominent citizens. c. 1560s: The Agas map was drawn showing Chrychur.

St. Andrew Undershaft was on the western edge of the ward, on the west side of St. Mary Axe Street and behind a row of houses that fronted the north side of Aldgate Street. It was right across the street from the former St. Mary Axe, which had been given to the Parish of St. Andrew (Undershaft) in 1565.

St. Katherine Coleman was in the southern half of the ward, on the south side of Fenchurch Street.