Bread Street Ward Conceptor Janelle Jenstad Abstract Author Jamie Zabel Markup Editor Jamie Zabel Transcription Proofreader Jamie Zabel Transcriber Melanie Chernyk Transcriber Janelle Jenstad Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3 Janelle Jenstad london@uvic.ca

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 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Zabel, Jamie ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Bread Street Ward T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/BREA3.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/BREA3.xml ER - Zabel, Jamie. Bread Street Ward. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/BREA3.htm. Zabel, Jamie. Bread Street Ward. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/BREA3.htm. Zabel, J. 2022. Bread Street Ward. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/BREA3.htm. Born digital. Contains information about the ward and links to other parts of the project. 1603 transcription from Stow. Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. See also the digital transcription of this edition at British History Online. Stow, John. A suruay of London· Conteyning the originall, antiquity, increase, moderne estate, and description of that city, written in the yeare 1598. by Iohn Stow citizen of London. Since by the same author increased, with diuers rare notes of antiquity, and published in the yeare, 1603. Also an apologie (or defence) against the opinion of some men, concerning that citie, the greatnesse thereof. VVith an appendix, contayning in Latine Libellum de situ & nobilitate Londini: written by William Fitzstephen, in the raigne of Henry the second. London: John Windet, 1603. STC 23343. U of Illinois (Urbana-Champaign Campus) copy. Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. Remediated by British History Online. [Kingsford edition, courtesy of The Centre for Metropolitan History. Articles written after 2011 cite from this searchable transcription.] Castle Baynard Ward

Castle Baynard Ward is west of Queenhithe Ward and Bread Street Ward. The ward is named after Baynard’s Castle, one of its main ornaments.

(CAST2.xml) Farringdon Within Ward

Farringdon Within Ward shares parts of its eastern and southern borders with the western and northern boundaries of Castle Baynard Ward. This ward is called Within or Infra to differentiate it from Farringdon Without Ward and both wards take the name of William Faringdon, principle owner of Farringdon Ward, the greater ward that was separated into Farringdon Within Ward and Farringdon Without Ward in the 17 of Richard II.

(FARR1.xml) Bread Street

Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.

(BREA1.xml) Cheapside Market

In the middle ages, Westcheap was the main market west of Walbrook, so called to distinguish it from Eastcheap, the market in the east. By Stow’s time, the term Westcheap had fallen out of use in place of Cheapside Market. Stow himself, however, continued to use the term to distinguish the western end of Cheapside Street.

(CHEA5.xml) The Standard (Cheapside) Information is not yet available. (STAN17.xml) Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross)

Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross), pictured but not labelled on the Agas map, stood on Cheapside Street between Friday Street and Wood Street. St. Peter, Westcheap lay to its west, on the north side of Cheapside Street. The prestigious shops of Goldsmiths’ Row were located to the east of the Cross, on the south side of Cheapside Street. The Standard in Cheapside (also known as the Cheap Standard), a square pillar/conduit that was also a ceremonial site, lay further to the east (Brissenden xi).

(ELEA1.xml) Watling Street

Watling Street ran east-west between St. Sythes Lane in Cordwainer Street Ward and Old Change in Bread Street Ward. It is visible on the Agas map under the label Watlinge ſtreat.

Stow records that the street is also commonly known as Noble Street (Stow 1598, sig. O4v). This should not lead to confusion with Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward. There is an etymological explanation for this crossover of names. According to Ekwall, the name Watling ultimately derives from an Old English word meaning king’s son (Ekwall 81-82). Watling Street remains distinct from the Noble Street in Aldersgate Ward.

(WATL1.xml) Red Lion Court Information is not yet available. (REDL2.xml) St. Augustine’s Gate Information is not yet available. (AUST2.xml) St. Augustine (Watling Street) Information is not yet available. (STAU3.xml) Red Lion Gate Information is not yet available. (REDL3.xml) Old Change Information is not yet available. (OLDC1.xml) Great Distaff Street

Great Distaff Street ran east-west from Friday Street to Old Change and was located in Bread Street Ward. The main structure of note along the street was Cordwainers’ Hall. It was also known as Mayden lane and is labelled Maidenhed lane on the Agas map (Stow 1633, sig. 2L6r). According to Stow, the name Distaff was a corruption of Distar Lane but Harben and others have found this to be an error as the earliest form was Distaue, not Distar (Stow 1633, sig. 2L6r; Harben). Great Distaff Street is not to be confused with Distaff Lane, the lane which ran south out of Great Distaff Street toward Knightrider Street.

(GREA10.xml) Knightrider Street

Knightrider Street ran east-west from Dowgate Street to Addle Hill, crossing College Hill, Garlick Hill, Trinity Lane, Huggin Lane, Bread Street, Old Fish Street Hill, Lambert or Lambeth Hill, St. Peter’s Hill, and Paul’s Chain. Significant landmarks included: the College of Physicians and Doctors’ Commons.

(KNIG1.xml) Old Fish Street Information is not yet available. (OLDF1.xml) Holy Trinity Priory

Holy Trinity Priory, located west of Aldgate and north of Leadenhall Street, was an Augustinian Priory. Stow notes that Queen Matilda established the Priory in 1108 in the parishes of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the holy Trinitie (Stow). Before Matilda united these parishes under the name Holy Trinity Priory, they were collectively known as the Holy Cross or Holy Roode parish (Stow; Harben).

(HOLY1.xml) Trinity Lane

Trinity Lane ran north-south between Old Fish Street (Knightrider Street) and Thames Street, between Garlick Hill and Huggin Lane, entirely in the ward of Queenhithe. On the Agas map, it is labelled Trinitie lane.

(TRIN1.xml) London

The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (London).

(LOND5.xml) Basing Lane

Basing Lane, also known as the Bakehouse, ran west from Bow Lane to Bread Street (Stow 1633, sig. 2L5r). The part from Bow Lane to the back door of the Red Lion (in Watling Street) lay in Cordwainer Street Ward, and the rest in Breadstreet Ward. Stow did not know the derivation of the street’s name, but suggested it had been called the Bakehouse in the fourteenth century, whether ment for the Kings bakehouse, or of bakers dwelling there, and baking bread to serue the market in Bredstreete, where the bread was sold, I know not (Stow).

(BASI3.xml) Friday Street

Friday Street passed south through Bread Street Ward, beginning at the cross in Cheapside Street and ending at Old Fish Street. It was one of many streets that ran into Cheapside Street market whose name is believed to originate from the goods that were sold there.

(FRID1.xml) St. Matthew (Friday Street) Information is not yet available. (STMA39.xml) PLACEHOLDER LOCATION

PLACEHOLDER LOCATION ITEM. The purpose of this item is to allow encoders to link to a location item when they cannot add a new location file for some reason. MoEML may still be seeking information regarding this entry. If you have information to contribute, please contact the MoEML team.

(LLLL1.xml) Distaff Lane

Distaff Lane was in Bread Street Ward. It is not to be confused with Great Distaff Street, the street which crossed the northernmost end of Distaff Lane. There is some discrepancy in the exact length of Distaff Lane between the Agas Map and the information in Survey of London. On the Agas Map, Distaff Lane (labelled Diſtaf la.) appears to run south off Great Distaff Street, labelled Maidenhed lane, terminating before it reaches Knightrider Street. Stow tells us, in his delineation of the bounds of Bread Street Ward, that Distaff Lane runneth downe to Knightriders street, or olde Fishstreete (Stow 1:345). Our map truncates Distaff Lane before Knightrider Street.

(DIST1.xml)

Bread Street Ward is east of Castle Baynard Ward and Farringdon Within Ward. The ward takes its name from its main street, Bread Street, ſo called of bread in olde time there ſold (Stow 1603).

The Julian calendar, in use in the British Empire until September 1752. This calendar is used for dates where the date of the beginning of the year is ambigious.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.

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 Jamie Zabel Jamie Zabel JZ

Research Assistant, 2020-2021. Managing Encoder, 2020-2021. Jamie Zabel was an MA student at the University of Victoria in the Department of English. She completed her BA in English at the University of British Columbia in 2017. She published a paper in University College London’s graduate publication Moveable Type (2020) and presented at the University of Victoria’s 2021 Digital Humanities Summer Institute. During her time at MoEML, she made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey as proofreader, editor, and encoder, coordinated the encoding of the 1633 edition, and researched and authored a number of encyclopedia articles and geo-coordinates to supplement both editions. She also played a key role in managing the correction process of MoEML’s Gazetteer.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Tye Landels-Gruenewald Tye Landels-Gruenewald TLG

Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.

 Melanie Chernyk Melanie Chernyk MJC

Research Assistant, 2004–2008. BA honours, 2006. MA English, University of Victoria, 2007. Melanie Chernyk went on to work at the Electronic Textual Cultures Lab at the University of Victoria and now manages Talisman Books and Gallery on Pender Island, BC. She also has her own editing business at http://26letters.ca.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 Edward I Edward I King of England Longshanks Hammer of the Scots

King of England 1272-1307. Buried at Westminster Abbey.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Worshipful Company of BakersBakers’ Company

The Bakers’ Company was one of the lesser livery companies of London. The Worshipful Company of Bakers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.bakers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.

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Acceptable names for this role are transcriber, first transcriber (often the EEBO-TCP transcriber), or MoEML transcriber. Added div for BL ward map image. Removed old geo coordinates now superceded by GeoJSON. Reworked metadata. Added abstract and introduction. Added links to 1598 and 1633 chapters. Add xml:ids to divs. Changed calendar value from "julian" to "julianSic" using XSLT. Added sourceDesc information for born-digital documents. Standardized respStmts for JENS1, MCFI1, and HOLM3 and added TAKE1 as Junior Programmer. Added XInclude for listPrefixDef in the header. Added global publicationStmt through XInclude. Eliminated superfluous catRef elements from the header. Added catRef elements based on the place/type values in the document. Put change elements inside revisionDesc into the correct (latest first) order. Added profileDesc containing document type information expressed in catRef elements. Converted @rend to @style, through XSLT transformation. Added front element with docTitle as part of a normalization process. This will be used as the definitive page title on rendering. Various updates and fixes made through XSLT, to standardize and normalize encoding practices. Data in the old INDEX1.xml was merged into this file in the form of a facsimile element and a listPlace in the body of the text. Various markup errors were fixed, and markup was normalized to some degree, to make it valid against tei_all. Bread Street Ward
Bread Street Ward Bread Street Ward
Introduction

Bread Street Ward is east of Castle Baynard Ward and Farringdon Within Ward. The ward takes its name from its main street, Bread Street, ſo called of bread in olde time there ſold (Stow 1603).

1720: Blome’s Map of Bread Street Ward and Cordwainer Street Ward. Image courtesy of British Library Crace Collection. © British Library Board; Maps Crace Port. 8.10
Links to Chapters in the Survey of London 1598 1603 (see below for excerpt) 1618 (forthcoming) 1633
1603 Description of Ward Boundaries

The following diplomatic transcription of the opening paragraph(s) of the 1603 chapter on this ward will eventually be subsumed into the MoEML edition of the 1603 Survey.The 1603 Survey is widely available in reprints of C.L. Kingsford’s two-volume 1908 edition (Kingsford) and also in the British History Online transcription of the Kingsford edition (BHO). MoEML is completing its editions of all four texts in the following order: 1598, 1633, 1618, and 1603. Each ward chapter opens with a narrative circumnavigation of the ward—a verbal beating of the bounds that MoEML first transcribed in 2004 and later used to facilitate the drawing of approximate ward boundaries on our edition of the Agas map. Source: John Stow, A Survey of London (London, 1603; STC #23343).

BRedſtreete ward beginneth in the high ſtreete of weſt Cheape, to wit, on the ſouth ſide, from the Standard to the great Croſſe. Then is alſo a part of Watheling ſtreete of this warde, to wit, from ouer againſt the Red Lion on the North ſide vp almoſt to Powles gate, for it lacketh but one houſe of S. Auguſtines church. And on the ſouth ſide from the red Lion gate to the Old Exchange, and downe the ſame Exchange on the Eaſt ſide, by the weſt end of Mayden lane, or Diſtar lane, to Knightriders ſtreete, or as they call that part thereof, Old Fiſhſtreet. And all the north ſide of the ſaid old Fiſhſtreete, to the South ende of Bredſtreete, and by that ſtill in Knightriders ſtreete, till ouer againſt the Trinitie Church, and Trinitie lane. Then is Bredſtréet it ſelfe, ſo called of bread in olde time there ſold: for it appeareth by recordes, that in the yeare 1302. which was the 30. of E. firſt, the Bakers of London were bounden to ſell no bread in their ſhops or houſes, but in the market, and that they ſhould haue 4. Hall motes in the yeare, at foure ſeuerall terms, to determine of enormities belonging to the ſaid Company.

This ſtreete giuing the name to the whole warde, beginneth in weſt Chepe, almoſt by the Standarde, and runneth downe ſouth, through or thwart Watheling ſtreet, to Knightriders ſtréet aforeſaide where it endeth. This Bredſtreet is wholy on both ſides of this warde. Out of the which ſtreet on the Eaſt ſide is Baſing lane, a peece whereof to wit, too and ouer againſt the backe gate of the Red Lion in Watheling ſtreete, is of this Bredſtreete ward.

Then is Fryday ſtreete beginning alſo in weſt Cheape, and runneth downe South through Watheling ſtreet to Knightrider ſtreete, or olde Fiſhſtreet. This Friday ſtreete is of Bredſtreet ward, on the eaſt ſide from ouer againſt the northeaſt corner of S. Mathewes church, and on the weſt ſide from the ſouth corner of the ſaid church, down as aforeſaid.

In this Fryday ſtreete on the weſt ſide thereof is a Lane, commonly called Mayden Lane, or Diſtaffe lane, corruptly for Diſtar lane, which runneth weſt into the old Exchange: and in this lane is alſo one other lane, on the ſouth ſide thereof, likewiſe called Diſtar lane, which runneth downe to Knightriders ſtréet, or olde Fiſhſtreete: and ſo be the boundes of this whole ward.

Note on Ward boundaries on Agas Map

Ward boundaries drawn on the Agas map are approximate. The Agas map does not lend itself well to georeferencing or georectification, which means that we have not been able to import the raster-based or vector-based shapes that have been generously offered to us by other projects. We have therefore used our drawing tools to draw polygons on the map surface that follow the lines traced verbally in the opening paragraph(s) of each ward chapter in the Survey. Read more about the cartographic genres of the Agas map.