Stangate Stairs Author Gregory Riley Guest Editor Amy Tigner Editor Kim McLean-Fiander Vetter Kim McLean-Fiander Encoder Joey Takeda Proofreader Lucas Simpson Proofreader Kate LeBere Proofreader Chris Horne Encoder Kate LeBere Geo-Coordinate Researcher Chase Templet Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3

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 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Riley, Gregory ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Stangate Stairs T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/STAN6.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/STAN6.xml ER - Riley, Gregory. Stangate Stairs. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/STAN6.htm. Riley, Gregory. Stangate Stairs. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/STAN6.htm. Riley, G. 2022. Stangate Stairs. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/STAN6.htm. Born digital. Fitzherbert, Anthony. In this booke is contayned the offices of shyriffes, bayliffes of lybertyes, escheatours, constables, and coroners and shewed what euerye one of them may doe by vertue of their offices, drawen out of bookes of the common lawe and of the statutes. London: Thomas Marshe, 1579. STC 10993.9. Turberuil, Hodg. Walk knaves, walk a discourse intended to have been spoken at court and now publish’d for the satisfaction of all those that have participated of the svveetness of publike employments. London, 1659. Wing G421. Draft Lambeth Palace Conservation Area Statement. Lambeth Council. https://www.lambeth.gov.uk/sites/default/files/draftLambethPalaceConservationAreastatement.pdf. Sainte-Marthe, Scévole de, and Louis de Sainte-Marthe. A Genealogical History of the Kings of Portugal. Trans. Francis Sandford. London: Printed by E.M., 1662. Wing S360. Sandford, Francis. A Genealogical History of the Kings of England and Monarchs of Great Britain. London: Printed by Tho. Newcomb, 1677. Wing S651. The Thames Information is not yet available. (THAM2.xml) Westminster Hall

Westminster Hall is the only surviving part of the original Palace of Westminster (Weinreb and Hibbert 1011) and is located on the west side of the Thames. It is located on the bottom left-hand corner of the Agas map, and is labelled as Weſtmynſter hall. Originally built as an extension to Edward the Confessor’s palace in 1097, the hall served as the setting for banquets through the reigns of many kings.

(WEST2.xml) London

The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (London).

(LOND5.xml) Westminster Palace Information is not yet available. (WEST5.xml) Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey was and continues to be a historically significant church. One of its many notable features is "Poets’ Corner". Located in the south transept of the church, it is the final resting place of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, and many other notable authors; in 1740, a monument for William Shakespeare was erected in Westminster Abbey (ShaLT). The church is located on the bottom-left corner of the Agas map.

(WEST1.xml) Westminster Information is not yet available. (WEST6.xml) Blackfriars (Farringdon Within)

The largest and wealthiest friary in England, Blackfriars was not only a religious institution but also a cultural, intellectual, and political centre of London. The friary housed London’s Dominican friars (known in England as the Black friars) after their move from the smaller Blackfriars precincts in Holborn. The Dominicans’ aquisition of the site, overseen by Robert Kilwardby, began in 1275. Once completed, the precinct was second in size only to St. Paul’s Churchyard, spanning eight acres from the Fleet to St. Andrew’s Hill and from Ludgate to the Thames. Blackfriars remained a political and social hub, hosting councils and even parlimentary proceedings, until its surrender in 1538 pursuant to Henry VIII’s Dissolution of the Monasteries (Holder 27–56).

(BLAC1.xml) Bridewell

Bridewell was a prison and hospital. The site was originally a royal palace (Bridewell Palace) but was transferred to the City of London in 1553, when it was converted to function as an orphanage and house of correction. Bridewell is located on the Agas map at the corner of the Thames and Fleet Ditch, labelled as Bride Well.

(BRID2.xml) Middle Temple

Middle Temple was one of the four Inns of Court

(MIDD2.xml) Lambeth

Lambeth was a neighbourhood located on the southern bank of the Thames, directly opposite to Westminster (Lysons). Jeremy Boulton notes that Lambeth lay outside the Corporation of London’s jurisdiction and was instead controlled by Surrey authorities (Boulton 9). Lambeth is depicted on the Agas map, though it is partially covered by a descriptive cartouche. While the Agas map labels the area near Lambeth’s coordinates as "The lambeht", this label appears to refer to Lambeth Palace rather than the neighbourhood as a whole. For a more detailed look at Lambeth, see Richard Blome’s 1720 map (Blome).

(LAMB1.xml) Lambeth Hill

Lambeth Hill ran north-south between Knightrider Street and Thames Street. Part of it lay in Queenhithe Ward and part in Castle Baynard Ward. The Blacksmiths’ Hall was located on the west side of this street, but the precise location is unknown.

(LAMB2.xml) Whitehall

Whitehall Palace, the Palace of Whitehall or simply Whitehall, was one of the most complex and sizeable locations in the entirety of early modern Europe. As the primary place of residence for monarchs from 1529 to 1698, Whitehall was an architectural testament to the shifting sociopolitical, religious, and aesthetic currents of Renaissance England. Sugden describes the geospatial location of Whitehall in noting that [i]t lay on the left bank of the Thames, and extended from nearly the point where Westminster Bdge. now crosses the river to Scotland Yard, and from the river back to St. James’s Park (Sugden 564-565).

(WHIT5.xml)

Stangate Stairs provided river access to the Thames from its east bank, directly opposite Westminster Hall.

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The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year beginning on 25 March. This was the calendar used in the British Empire until September 1752.

The Gregorian calendar, used in the British Empire from September 1752. Sometimes referred to as New Style (NS). Years run from January 1 through December 31.

The Anno Mundi (year of the world) calendar is based on the supposed date of the creation of the world, which is calculated from Biblical sources. At least two different creation dates are in common use. See Anno Mundi (Wikipedia).

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Author A person or organization chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work, usually printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such responsibility. MoEML uses the term author to designate a contributor who is wholly or partly responsible for the original content of either a born-digital document, such as an encyclopedia entry, or a primary source document, such as a MoEML Library text. Data manager A person or organization responsible for managing databases or other data sources. MoEML uses the term data manager to designate contributors who maintain and manage our databases. They add and update the data sent to us by external contributors or found by MoEML team members. They also monitor journals and sources regularly to ensure that our databases are current. 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Vetter MoEML uses the term vetter to designate an academic or expert reviewer who reads and judges the publishability of scholarly material before it is published by MoEML. Guest editor MoEML uses the term Guest Editor in two ways: (1) an instructor who participates in our Pedagogical Partnership and edits content generated by their students; and (2) a contributor who solicits, coordinates, and edits a number of entries written by other contributors. Published. Removed old geo coordinates now superceded by GeoJSON. Added GeoJSON auto-generated from old geo coordinates.Reformatted GeoJSON geo elements because the coordinates were reversed. Added <sourceDesc> information for born-digital documents. Assigned to Pedagogical Partner in UTXA1. Standardized <respStmt>s for JENS1, MCFI1, and HOLM3 and added TAKE1 as Junior Programmer. Added XInclude for <listPrefixDef> in the header. Fixed erroneous @status attribute on <revisionDesc>, changing it from "stub" to "empty". Added global publicationStmt through XInclude. Eliminated superfluous catRef elements from the header. Added <catRef> elements based on the <place>/@type values in the document. Put <change> elements inside <revisionDesc> into the correct (latest first) order. Added <profileDesc> containing document type information expressed in <catRef> elements. Converted @rend to @style, through XSLT transformation. Added <front> element with <docTitle> as part of a normalization process. This will be used as the definitive page title on rendering. Various updates and fixes made through XSLT, to standardize and normalize encoding practices. Stangate Stairs
Stangate Stairs "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [-0.11926,51.500693] }

Removed in the late 1860s to make way for the Albert Embankment, Stangate Stairs has no place on a modern map of London (Draft Lambeth Palace Conservation Area Statement). In the early modern period, however, these stairs and their accompanying wharf of the same name provided river access to the east bank of the Thames, directly opposite Westminster Hall, Westminster Palace, and Westminster Abbey. Citizens of London could catch a boat or a barge from Stangate Stairs to Westminster on the opposite bank for a small sum, according to a 1579 book of common law statutes: From the Blacke Friers, Bridewell, & the Temple, to Westminster, or Lambeth .ij.d. with their males or els euery person .ob. so that it amount to .ij.d. From Westminster to Lambeth or stayngate. ob. for a boate (Fitzherbert sig. F1v). The charge here for the boat between Stangate Stairs and Westminster is listed as "ob.," an abbreviation for a halfpenny that actually refers to a Roman coin called an obulus. A halfpenny is a small sum, and thus a boat between the Stangate Stairs and Westminster would have been affordable for most early modern Londoners.

According to one cordwainer by the name of Edmund Gayton under the pseudonym Hodg Turberuil in a 1659 satirical treatise entitled Walk knaves, walk, a person could wade across the Thames between the Westminster bank and the Stangate Stairs—provided they had strong waxed boots: Now if thy boots be long enough, (which as I told you before; you must be sure to observe, before you buy them for this purpose) and the Seams strong and well-waxed, so as they will hold out water, which you ought first to make tryal of, by wading in them over the Thames, from the Parliament-stairs to Lambeth, or from White Hall to Stangate, (for one of these wayes we must all fly if the Cavaliers prevail) you need not be afraid afterward to go over with them, to any part beyond the Seas. So as methinks, this also should be another strong motive, to perswade us to buy strong and long waxed boots.Turberuil 11 Since the tone of Gayton’s text is satirical, it is fair to assume that his impassioned suggestion to cross the Thames near Stangate Stairs was not used by early modern Londoners—at least not more than the one time needed to test their boots.

In addition to providing river access for the area of Lambeth, Stangate Stairs, situated directly opposite of Westminster, saw its fair share of history. According to a 1677 account of the monarchs of Great Britain, the body of the three-year-old Elizabeth Tudor (the second daughter of Henry VII) was conveyed from Stangate Stairs to Westminster Abbey in 1495 as part of a mournful procession:

Thus on Thursday, the eleventh day after her decease, her Corps was conveyed with a solemn proceeding to the Stangate over against Westminster; and at the Gate at the Bridge end of Westminster, was received by the Prior and Convent of the Abbey, and conveyed into the Quire to the Herse, the Majesty Cloth, and the Vallence of black Sarcenet, fringed with red and white Roses, and the Word in Letters of Gold, Jesus est Amor mens [Jesus is my love].Sandford 448

Stangate Stairs also saw happier times. One 1662 history of the kings of Portugal describes a celebration held in honour of King John IV and Queen Luisa on the Thames between Westminster and Lambeth on 23 September 1662:

I shall only say (which none but the absent will deny) That the oldest person alive never saw the Thames more fully, nor more Nobly covered. Amidʼst a Throng of a Thousand Boats, and more than Ten thousand joyful Subjects, Their Majesties landed at Whitehall about 7. of the Clock in the Evening, where the most Excellent Princess the Queen Mother, and the Dutchess of York, gave Her Majesty Her Welcome; which was seconded by a Tere of Artillary Planted at Stangate-Wharf over against Whitehall for that purpose; the same Night, afterwards being made an Artificial Day, by the Number of Bone-fires and Fire-works.Sandford 135

The name "Stangate" itself probably derives from the Anglo-Saxon stan geat, meaning "stone gate." Referring to a rather common piece of architecture, it is no wonder that the stairs and wharf on the east bank of the Thames opposite Westminster were not the only holders of the name "Stangate." Northeast of London on the Blackwater River stood the Priory of Stansgate and the infamous Stangate Hole, and in York there was also a place by the name of Stangate. With so many places marked by the name, context is required to determine which of these specific locations records are referencing.

Participants Lucas Simpson Lucas Simpson LS

Research Assistant, 2018-2021. Lucas Simpson was a student at the University of Victoria.

 Chris Horne Chris Horne CH

Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Chris Horne was an honours student in the Department of English at the University of Victoria. His primary research interests included American modernism, affect studies, cultural studies, and digital humanities.

 Kate LeBere Kate LeBere KL

Project Manager, 2020-2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019-2020. Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. She published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. During her time at MoEML, Kate made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey of London, old-spelling anthology of mayoral shows, and old-spelling library texts. She authored the MoEML’s first Project Management Manual and "quickstart" guidelines for new employees and helped standardize the Personography and Bibliography. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Chase Templet Chase Templet CT

Research Assistant, 2017-2019. Chase Templet was a graduate student at the University of Victoria in the Medieval and Early Modern Studies (MEMS) stream. He was specifically focused on early modern repertory studies and non-Shakespearean early modern drama, particularly the works of Thomas Middleton.

 Tye Landels-Gruenewald Tye Landels-Gruenewald TLG

Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 Amy Tigner Amy Tigner

Amy Tigner is a MoEML Pedagogical Partner. She is Associate Professor of English at the University of Texas, Arlington, and the Editor-in-Chief of Early Modern Studies Journal. She is the author of Literature and the Renaissance Garden from Elizabeth I to Charles II: England’s Paradise (Ashgate, 2012) and has published in ELR, Modern Drama, Milton Quarterly, Drama Criticism, Gastronomica and Early Theatre. Currently, she is working on two book projects: co-editing, with David Goldstein, Culinary Shakespeare, and co-authoring, with Allison Carruth, Literature and Food Studies.

Amy Tigner’s UTA profile Gregory Riley Gregory Riley GR

Student contributor enrolled in English 5308: Shakespeare and Early Modern Urban/Rural Nature at the University of Texas, Arlington in Fall 2014, working under the guest editorship of Amy Tigner.

 Elizabeth Tudor Elizabeth Tudor

Daughter of Henry VII. Died at three years of age. Buried at Westminster Abbey.

Wikipedia Henry VII Henry VII King of England

King of England and Lord of Ireland 1485-1509. Buried at Henry VII’s Chapel.

ODNB Wikipedia Edmund Gayton Edmund Gayton

Member of the Cordwainers’ Company.

 John IV John IV the Restorer King of Portugal

King of Portugal 1640-1656.

Wikipedia Luisa de Guzmán of Spain Luisa de Guzmán Queen consort of Portugal

Queen consort of Portugal 1640–1656. Wife of John IV.

Wikipedia