London’s Jus Honorarium Author Thomas Heywood Printer Nicholas Okes Guest Editor Mark Kaethler Editors Class of ENGL 300 and ENGL 2210 Encoder Kate LeBere Transcriber Mark Kaethler CSS Editor Mark Kaethler CSS Editor Chris Horne Markup Editor Janelle Jenstad Markup Editor Mark Kaethler Markup Editor Lucas Simpson Markup Editor Chase Templet Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Assistant Project Director Mark Kaethler Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3

Copyright held by The Map of Early Modern London on behalf of the contributors.

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 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Heywood, Thomas ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - London’s Jus Honorarium T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/JUSH1.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/JUSH1.xml TY - UNP ER - Heywood, Thomas. London’s Jus Honorarium. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/JUSH1.htm. Draft. Heywood, Thomas. London’s Jus Honorarium. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/JUSH1.htm. Draft. Heywood, T. 2022. London’s Jus Honorarium. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/JUSH1.htm. Draft. Original transcription by Mark Kaethler and ENGL 300/ENGL 2210 class at Medicine Hat College (2017), based upon the EEBO facsimile copy from the Huntingdon Library: STC 13351; DEEP 777; Greg 448a, ESTC S106212. Bergeron, David M., ed. Londons Jus Honorarium. <ref type="bibl" target="BIBL1.xml#BERG40">Thomas Heywood’s Pageants: A Critical Edition</ref>. New York: Garland, 1986. 13–32. Print EEBO-TCP (EEBO Text Creation Partnership). [The Text Creation Partnership offers searchable diplomatic transcriptions of many EEBO items.] Early English Books Online (EEBO). Proquest LLC. Rowland, Richard. Thomas Heywood’s Theatre, 1599–1639: Locations, Translations, and Conflict. Farnham: Ashgate, 2010. Print. [See especially chapter 1, A <quote>London that yee see hourely</quote>: Heywood, Stow, and the Invention of the City Staged.] London

The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (London).

(LOND5.xml) St. Paul’s Churchyard

Surrounding St. Paul’s Cathedral, St. Paul’s Churchyard has had a multi-faceted history in use and function, being the location of burial, crime, public gathering, and celebration. Before its destruction during the civil war, St. Paul’s Cross was located in the middle of the churchyard, providing a place for preaching and the delivery of Papal edicts (Thornbury).

(STPA3.xml) Cheapside Street

Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many mercers’ and goldsmiths’ shops located there. It was also the most sacred stretch of the processional route, being traced both by the linear east-west route of a royal entry and by the circular route of the annual mayoral procession.

(CHEA2.xml) Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross)

Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross), pictured but not labelled on the Agas map, stood on Cheapside Street between Friday Street and Wood Street. St. Peter, Westcheap lay to its west, on the north side of Cheapside Street. The prestigious shops of Goldsmiths’ Row were located to the east of the Cross, on the south side of Cheapside Street. The Standard in Cheapside (also known as the Cheap Standard), a square pillar/conduit that was also a ceremonial site, lay further to the east (Brissenden xi).

(ELEA1.xml)

Commemorative pageant book prepared for the inauguration of Sir George Whitmore as Lord Mayor of London in 1631. Pageants coordinated by Thomas Heywood on behalf of the Right Worshipful Company of the Haberdashers. Book printed by Nicholas Okes. Diplomatic transcription prepared by the MoEML Team. See https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/JUSH1.htm for full credits and editorial procedures.

The Julian calendar, in use in the British Empire until September 1752. This calendar is used for dates where the date of the beginning of the year is ambigious.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year beginning on 25 March. This was the calendar used in the British Empire until September 1752.

The Gregorian calendar, used in the British Empire from September 1752. Sometimes referred to as New Style (NS). Years run from January 1 through December 31.

The Anno Mundi (year of the world) calendar is based on the supposed date of the creation of the world, which is calculated from Biblical sources. At least two different creation dates are in common use. See Anno Mundi (Wikipedia).

Regnal dates are given as the number of years into the reign of a particular monarch. Our practice is to tag such dates with @calendar="regnal", and provide an equivalent date using a more systematic calendar (usually Julian) in a custom dating attribute.

Most MoEML documents, or significant fragments with @xml:id attributes, can be addressed using the mol: prefix and accessed through the web application with their id + .xml.

The molagas prefix points to the shape representation of a location on MoEML’s OpenLayers3-based rendering of the Agas Map.

Links to page-images in the Chadwyck-Healey Early English Books Online (EEBO) repository. Note that this is a subscription service, and may not be accessible to those accessing it from locations outside member institutions.

Links to page-images in the English Broadside Ballad Archive (EBBA).

The mdt (MoEML Document Type) prefix used on <catRef>/@target points to a central taxonomy in the includes file.

The mdtlist (MoEML Document Type listing) prefix used in linking attributes points to a listings page constructed from a category in the central MDT taxonomy in the includes file. There are two variants, one with the plain @xml:id of the category, meaning all documents in the specified category, and one with the suffix _subcategories, meaning all subcategories of the category.

The molgls (MoEML gloss) prefix used on <term>/@corresp points to a a glossary entry in the GLOSS1.xml file.

This molvariant prefix is used on <ref>/@target attributes during automated generation of gazetteer index files. It points to an element in the generated variant spellings listing file which lists all documents which contain a particular spelling variant for a location.

This molajax prefix is used on <ref>/@target attributes during the static build process, to specify links which point to MoEML resources which should not be loaded into the source page during standalone processing; instead, these should be turned into links to the XML source documents, and at HTML page load time, these should be turned into AJAX calls. This is to handle the scenario in which a page such as an A-Z index of the whole site would end up containing virtually the whole site inside itself.

The molstow prefix is used on @facs attributes to link to the HCMC verison of the Stow facsimiles. Usually the first group is the year (1633) and then last is the image number (0001).

The molshows prefix is used on @facs attributes to link to the copies of page-images from mayoral shows stored in the london account on the HCMC server. The first group is the year (1633), the second is the source repository, and then last is the image file name.

The sb prefix is used on <ref>/@target attributes to link to Stow’s Books URLs at UToronto.

These digital editions are diplomatic transcriptions. Our goal has been to provide clean, readable TEI transcriptions of all the extant mayoral shows from 1585 to 1639. Because this corpus has never before been made available in one place, we provide XML base texts that other scholars can repurpose according to our Creative Commons Licence.

MoEML transcriptions of the mayoral shows are based intially on the EEBO-TCP transcriptions. A MoEML research assistant or contributing scholar has carefully checked the TCP transcription at least once against the EEBO images (and sometimes against the Early English Books I microfilms when the film is clearer). We silently correct errors in TCP transcriptions and fill in many of the gaps left by TCP transcribers. When we make surmises about characters or supply characters in places where the text has been cropped, damaged, overinked, or underinked, we record our supplied values using <supplied>. The transcription is checked again by another MoEML research assistant, and finally by the Project Director or Assistant Project Director. Users may report transcription errors via the Send Feedback link on each page.

We treat title pages, dedications, and prefaces as front matter, encoded with the <front> element. We treat speeches, narrative descriptions, and interpretations as the body of the text, encoded with the <body> element. We treat colophons and concluding statements, including the word Finis, as back matter, encoded with the <back> element.

Normalizationmethod: silent:

Our practice has been to preserve most of the typographical, orthographical, and compositorial features of the original text. We use CSS styling to describe the peculiarities of font and justification. We also include links to the page images on EEBO; users who subscribe to EEBO may thus view the pages at any point and judge our transcription thereof for themselves.

Our encoders follow these rules for preserving or regularizing the text: Textual Component Rule Long ſ

TCP transcriptions do not preserve the long ſ. We have restored the long ſ through a series of find-and-replace functions based on typical early modern printing house habits, followed by a careful human checking against the digital images of the original.

 Capitalization

We preserve the capitalization of the source, including the second upper-case letter after a woodblock dropped capital.

 Italicization

We preserve the italicization of words by tagging them with a <hi> element with a @style value of "font-style: italic;". We consider italicization to be a bibliographic code rather than a linguistic code.

 Interchangeable Characters

We retain the interchangeable u/v and i/j and the use of vv for w. These are not marked up with any encoding.

 Ligatures

We retain the vowel digraphs using the appropriate Unicode characters (e.g., æ). Typographical ligatures (e.g., fl) have been silently expanded.

 Nasal Tildes

We retain the nasal tilde over vowels (e.g., õ) using the appropriate Unicode characters.

 Spacing Within Lines

MoEML closes up extra spaces between words and punctuation marks. However, we retain the spacing in authorial initials, such as A. M. (for Anthony Munday). We have added a single space after a comma when the comma has been used to separate two words.

 Lineation

MoEML preserves the line breaks in verse sections and the line wrapping in prose sections of mayoral shows. Prose line breaks have been encoded with a self-closing <lb> element. All line breaks in verse are produced by the use of <l> elements contained by <lg> elements.

 Hyphenation

MoEML transcriptions of mayoral shows preserve the hyphenation of words, both within and at the end of lines.

 Quotation Marks

All quotation marks are retained in the text and are represented by appropriate Unicode characters. We do not use the <quote> element for quotations in primary-source texts. MoEML practice calls for curly apostrophes and straight double quotation marks in both transcriptions and born-digital texts.

Interpretation:

We have interpreted and encoded toponyms, names, and dates. The encoding of toponyms requires some research to point the toponym to the right location file (and thence to the map), but the relative stability of the processional route has meant that we have high confidence in our encoding of toponyms in the mayoral shows. When our encoding has veered into interpretation, such as in our decision to encode abstract nouns as allegorical characters even when it is not completely clear that the abstraction is embodied by an actor, we have encoded with the goal of building analytical capacity into our texts, such as the capacity for users to search for characters like Time across the corpus of mayoral shows. For our treatment of early modern dates, see our encoding instructions at Encode Dates. Other than toponyms, names, and dates, we have undertaken no interpretative encoding.

Our editorial and encoding practices are documented in detail in the Praxis section of our website. This transcription has been checked against the GoogleBooks images of the University of Minnesota facsimile of the Huntington Library copy of London’s Jus Honorarium. . We have consulted David Bergeron’s 19?? Garland edition.

Author A person or organization chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work, usually printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such responsibility. MoEML uses the term author to designate a contributor who is wholly or partly responsible for the original content of either a born-digital document, such as an encyclopedia entry, or a primary source document, such as a MoEML Library text. Editor A person or organization who prepares for publication a work not primarily their own, such as by elucidating text, adding introductory or other critical matter, or technically directing an editorial staff. MoEML uses the term editor to designate a person who creates a modern edition of a work based on one of our encoded diplomatic transcriptions of a primary source. We use the term commentator to designate a person who adds editorial or explanatory notes to one of our diplomatic transcriptions. Markup editor A person or organization performing the coding of SGML, HTML, or XML markup of metadata, text, etc. MoEML uses the code mrk both for the primary encoder(s) and for the person who edits the encoding. MoEML’s normal workflow includes a step whereby encoders check each other’s work. We use the term encoder to designate the principal encoder, and markup editor to designate the person who checks the encoding. Project director A person or organization with primary responsibility for all essential aspects of a project, or that manages a very large project that demands senior level responsibility, or that has overall responsibility for managing projects, or provides overall direction to a project manager. MoEML’s Project Director directs the intellectual and scholarly aspects of the project, consults with the Advisory and Editorial Boards, and ensures the ongoing funding of the project. Programmer A person or organization responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation. MoEML uses the term programmer to designate a person or organization responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation. Printer A person or organization who prints texts, whether from type or plates. MoEML uses the term printer to designate the person named as the printer on the title page of a primary source text, or the person identified by scholars as the printer (e.g., in the English Short Title Catalogue database). In early modern printing practice, the roles of printer, bookseller, and publisher might coincide in one person, or be performed by different people. Transcriber A person who prepares a handwritten or typewritten copy from original material, including from dictated or orally recorded material. MoEML uses the term transcriber to designate the person or organization that transcribes a primary source. In the case of EEBO-TCP transcribers, we do not know the names of the transcribers. Acceptable names for this role are transcriber, first transcriber (often the EEBO-TCP transcriber), or MoEML transcriber. CSS editor MoEML uses the term CSS Editor for a person who adds CSS styling to the transcription of a primary source. We use CSS styling to describe the bibliographic features of the texts we transcribe. For further information, see our page on CSS styling. Guest editor MoEML uses the term Guest Editor in two ways: (1) an instructor who participates in our Pedagogical Partnership and edits content generated by their students; and (2) a contributor who solicits, coordinates, and edits a number of entries written by other contributors. CSS checks. Added @xml:ids to <pb> elements using utilities/add_sig_ids_to_shows.xsl.Added @xml:ids to <pb> elements using utilities/add_sig_ids_to_shows.xsl.Added @xml:ids to <pb> elements using utilities/add_sig_ids_to_shows.xsl.Added @xml:ids to <pb> elements using utilities/add_sig_ids_to_shows.xsl.Added @xml:ids to <pb> elements using utilities/add_sig_ids_to_shows.xsl. Began implementing show into new template. Collapsed element rendition using XSLT. Collapsed element rendition using XSLT. Fixed CSS errors. Changed calendar value from "julian" to "julianSic" using XSLT. Proofed the metadata. Edited the markup. Completed transcription of pages 1 through 6 and page 13 of EEBO and completed metadata. Londons Ius Honorarium. Expreſt in ſundry Triumphs, pagiants, and ſhews: At the Initiation or Entrance of the Right Honourable George Whitmore, into the Maioralty of the famous and farre renouned City of London. All the charge and expence of the laborious pro iects, and obiects both by Water and Land, being the ſole vndertaking of the Right Worſhipfull, the ſociety of the Habburdaſhers. Redeunt ſpectacula.Redeunt spectacula means that the spectacles return.
Printer’s crest
Printed at London by Nicholas Okes. 1631.
Printer’s ornament
❧ To the Right Honourable, George Whitmore, Lord Maior of this renowned Metrapolis. London.

Right Honorable,

IT was the ſpeech of a Learned and graue Philoſopher the Tutor and Counſeler to the Emperour Gratianus, Pulcrius multo parari, quam creari nobilem.Taken from a poem entitled Solon of Athens that Heywood seems to attribute to Gratianus. Although it is located in the Loeb classics volumes for Ausonius’ works, it is located in an appendix, given that it was formerly attributed to Ausonius but that attribution no longer has validity. In any case, the Loeb edition translates it as Tis fairer far to win nobility than to be born to it. More faire and famous it is to be made, then to be borne Noble, For that Honour is to be moſt Honored, which is purchaſt by merrit, not crept into by deſcent: For you; whoſe goodneſſe, hath made you thus great. I make my affectionate preſentment of this annuall Celebration, concerning which: (without flattery be it ſpoken) there is nothing ſo much as mentioned (much leſſe enforced) in this your Ius honorarium, which rather commeth not ſhort, then any way exceedeth the hope and expectation which is now vpon you; and therefore worthily was your ſo free Election, (without either emulation, or competitorſhip con

ferd A2 The Epistle Dedicatory.

ferd vpon you; ſince of you it may be vndeniablyſpoken: that none euer in your place was moreſufficient or able, any cauſe whatſoeuer ſhall bebrought before you, more truly to diſcerne; beingapprehended more aduisedly to diſpoſe, being di geſted, more maturely to deſpatch. After this ſhorttender of my ſeruice vnto you, I humbly take myleaue, with this ſentence borrowed from Seneca: Decet timeri Magiſtratum, at plus diligi.As Richard Rowland notes, the quotation is not from Seneca, but rather Cicero’s De Officiis. It loosely means that although civil authority should be fear, it is more important that leaders be loved.

Your Lordſhips in all obſeruance, Thomas Heywood.
Horizontal rule
Printer’s ornament
❧ To the Right VVorſhipfull Samuell Cranmer, and Henry Pratt, the two Sheriffs of the Honourable Citty of London, Lately Elected.

Right Worſhipfull,

THe cheife Magiſtrats next vnto the Lord Maior, are the two ſheriffes, the name Sheriffe imptyeth as much as the Reeue and Governour of a Sheare, for Reeue: is Graue Count or Earle (for ſo ſaith Master Verſtigan:) and theſe, were of like authority with the Cenſors, who were reputed in the prime and beſt ranke amongſt the Magiſtrates of Rome? They were ſo cal’d a Ceſſendo, of ceaſing, for they ſet a rate vpon euery mans eſtate: regiſtring their names, and placing them in a fit century: A ſecond part of their Office conſiſted in the reforming of maners, as hauing power to inquire into euery mans life and carriage. The Embleame of which Authority was their Tirgula cenſoria borne before them: they are thy others) reſembled to the Tribunes of the people, and theſe are cal’d Sacro Sancti, whoſe perſons might not be iniured, nor their names any way ſcandaliz’d, for whoſoeuer was proued to be a de linquent in either, was held to be Homo ſacer; an excommu nicated perſon, and hee that ſlew him was not liable vnto any iudgement: their Houſes ſtand open continually, not onely for Hoſpitality, but for a Sanctuary to all ſuch as were diſtreſt: neither was it lawfull for them to be abſent from the Colledge one whole day together, during their Yeare. Thus you ſee

A3 how The Epistle.

how neere the Dignities of this Citty, come neere to theſe in Rome, when it was moſt flouriſhing. The firſt Sheriffes that bore the name and office in this Citty, were Peter Duke, and Thomas Neale, Anno 1209. The nouiſſimi, now in present Samuell Cranmer and Henry Pratt. Anno 1631. To whom I direct this ſhort Remembrance.

Your Worſhips euer Attendant, Thomas Heywood. londons
Header ornament
LONDONS Ius Honorarium.

WHen Rome was erected: at the firſt eſtabliſhing of a common weale, Romulus the founder of it, inſtituted a prime officer to gouerne the Citty, who was cald præfectus vrbis, i. the præ fect of the City, whoſe vncon roulable authority, had power, not onely to exa mine, but to determie, all cauſes & controuerſies, & to ſit vpon, and cenſure all delinquents, whether their offences were capitall or criminall: Intra cen teſſimum lapidem, within an hundred miles of the City, in proceſſe of time the Tarquins being expeld, & the prime ſoueraignty remaining in the conſuls. They (by reaſon of their forraigne imployments) hauing no leaſure to adminiſter Iuſtice at home, created two cheife officers, the one they cald prætor vrbanus, or Maior, the other peregrinus: The firſt had his iuriſdiction, in and ouer the Citty, the

other Londons Ius Honorarium.

other exerciſed his authority meerely vpon ſtran gers.

The name Prætor is deriued from Præeſſendo or Præeundo, from priority of place, which as a lear ned Roman Author writs, had abſolute power o uer all publique and priuat affaires, to make new Lawes, and aboliſh old, without controwle, or contradiction: His authority growing to that height, that whatſoeuer he decreed or cenſured in publique, was cald Ius Honorarium, the firſt on whome this dignity was conferd in Rome, was ſpur: furius Camillus, the ſonne of Marcus: And the firſt Præter or Lord Maior appointed to the Go uernment of the Honorable Citty of London, was Henry Fitz Allwin, aduaunced to that Dignity, by King Iohn, Anno. 1210. ſo much for the Honor and Antiquity of the name and place, I proceede to theſhowes.

Are two craggy Rockes, plac’d directly oppo ſit, of that diſtance that the Barges may paſſe be twixt them: theſe are full of monſters, as Serpents, Snakes, Dragons, &c. ſome ſpitting Fier, others vomiting water, in the baſes thereof, nothing to be ſeene, but the ſad relicks of ſhipwracke in broken Barkes and ſplit Veſſels, &c. The one is cald Silla,

the Londons Ius Honorarium.

the other Charibdis, which is ſcituate directly a gainſt Meſſana; Scilla againſt Rhegium: and what ſoever ſhippe that paſſeth theſe Seas, if it keepe not the middle Channell, it is either wrackt upon the one, or devoured by the other; Medio tutiſsimus ibit. Vpon theſe Rocks are placed the Syrens, excellent both in voyce and Inſtru ment: They are three in number, Telſipio, Fligi, Aglaoſi: or as others will have them called, Par thenope, skilfull in muſicke; Leucoſia, upon the winde Inſtrument; Ligni, upon the Harpe. The morrall intended by the Poets, that whoſoever ſhall lend an attentive eare to their muſicke, is in great danger to periſh; but he that can wari ly avoyd it by ſtopping his eares againſt their inchantment, ſhall not onely ſecure themſelves, but bee their ruine: This was made good in Vliſſes the ſpeaker, who by his wiſedome and pollicy not onely preſerved himſelfe and his people, but was the cauſe that they from the rocks caſt themſelves headlong into the Sea. In him is perſonated a wiſe and diſcreete Magi ſtrate.

BEhold great Magiſtrate, on either hand Sands, Shelves, and Syrtes, and upon them ſtand B Two Londons Ius Honorarium. Two dangerous rocks, your ſafety to ingage, Boaſting of nought ſave ſhipwrake ſpoyle and ſtrage. This Sylla, that Charibdis, (dangerous both) Plac’t in the way you rowe to take your oath. Yet though a thouſand monſters yawne and gape To ingurdge and ſwallow you, ther’s way to ſcape; Vliſſes by his wiſedome found it, ſteare You by his Compaſſe, and the way lyes cleare, Will you know how? looke upward then; and ſayle By the ſigne Libra, that Celeſtiall ſcale, In which (ſome write) the Sunne at his creation First ſhone; and is to theſe times a relation Of Divine Juſtice: It in juſtice ſhind, Doe you ſo (Lord) and be like it divind. Keepe the even Channell, and be neither ſwayde, To the right hand nor left, and ſo evade Malicious envie (never out of action,) Smooth viſagd flattery, and blacke mouthd detraction, Sedition, whiſprings, murmurings, private hate, All ambuſhing, the godlike Magiſtrate. About theſe rockes and quickſands Syrens haunt, One ſinges connivence, th’other would inchaunt With partiall ſentence; and a third aſcribes, In pleaſing tunes, aright to gifts and bribes; Sweetning the eare, and every other ſence, That place, and office, may with theſe diſpence. But Londons Ius Honorarium. But though their tones be ſweete, and ſhrill their notes, They come from foule breſts, and inpoſtumed throats, Sea monſters they be ſtiled, but much (nay more, ’Tis to be doubted,) they frequent the ſhoare. Yet like Vliſſes, doe but ſtop your eare To their inchantments, with an heart ſincere; They fayling to indanger your eſtate, Will from the rocks themſelves precipitate. Proceede then in your blest Inauguration, And celebrate this Annuall Ovation; Whilſt you nor this way, nor to that way leane, But ſhunne th’extreames, to keepe the golden meane. This glorious City, Europs chiefest minion, Moſt happy in ſo great a Kings dominion: Into whoſe charge this day doth you inveſt, Shall her in you, and you in her make bleſt.

THe firſt ſhow by Land, (preſented in Pauls Church yard, is a greene and pleaſant Hill, adorned with all the Flowers of the ſpring, up on which is erected a faire and flouriſhing tree, furniſhed with variety of faire and pleaſant fruite, under which tree, and in the moſt emi nent place of the Hill, ſitteth a woman of beau tifull aſpect, apparrelled like Summer: Her motto, Civitas bene Gubernata,i. a City well go

B2 verned. Londons Ius Honorarium.

verned. Her Attendants (or rather Aſſociats) are three Damſels habited according to their qualitie, and repreſenting the three Theologi call vertues, Faith, Hope, and Charity: Amongſt the leaves and fruits of this Tree, are inſcerted diverſe labels with ſeverall ſentences expreſ ſing the cauſes which make Cities to flouriſh and proſper: As, The feare of God, Religious zeale, a Wise Magiſtrate, Obedience to rulers, Vnity, Plaine and faithfull dealing, with others of the like na ture. At the foot of the Hill ſitteth old Time, and by him his daughter Truth, with this in ſcription; Veritas eſt Temporis Filia,i. Truth is the Daughter of Time: which Time ſpeaketh as followeth.

IF Time (ſome ſay) have here bin oft in view, Yet not the ſame, old Time is each day new, Who doth the future lockt up houres inlarge, To welcome you to this great Cities charge. Time, who hath brought you hither (grave and great) To inaugure you, in your Prætorium ſeate: Thus much with griefe doth of himſelfe profeſſe Nothing’s more precious, and eſteemed leſſe. Yet you have made great uſe of me, to aſpire This eminence, by deſert, when in full quire Avees Londons Ius Honorarium. Avees and Acclamations, with loud voyce, Meete you on all ſides, and with Time rejoyce. This Hill, that Nimph apparreld like the Spring, Theſe Graces that attend her, (every thing) As fruitfull trees, greene plants, flowers of choiſe ſmell, All Emblems af a City governd well; Which muſt be now your charge. The Labels here Mixt with the leaves will ſhew what fruit they beare: The feare of God, a Magistrate diſcreete, Iuſtice, and Equity: when with theſe meete, Obedience unto Rulers, Vnity, Plaine and juſt dealing, Zeale, and Induſtry: In ſuch bleſt ſymptoms where theſe ſhall agree, Cities, ſhall like perpetuall Summers bee. You are now Generall, doe but bravely lead, And (doubtleſſe) all will march, as you ſhall tread: You are the Captaine, doe but bravely ſtand To oppoſe vice, ſee, all this goodly band Now in their City Liveries will apply Themſelves to follow, where your Colours fly. You are the chiefe, defeund my daughter Truth, And then both Health and Poverty, Age and Youth, Will follow this your Standard, to oppoſe Errour, Sedition, Hate, (the common foes.) But pardon Time (grave Lord) who speaks to thee; As well what thou now art, as ought to be. B3 Then Londons Ius Honorarium.

Then Time maketh a pauſe, and taking up a leaveleſſe & withered branch, thus proceedeth.

See you this withered branch, by Time o’re growne A Cities Symbole, ruind, and trod downe. A Tree that bare bad fruit; Diſſimulation, Pride, Malice, Envy, Atheiſme, Supplantation, Ill Government, Prophannes, Fraud, Oppreſſiõ, Neglect of vertue, Freedome to tranſgreſſion, Obedience, here with power did diſagree, All which faire London be ſtill farre from thee.

The ſecond ſhow by Land, is preſented in the upper part of Cheapſide, which is a Cha riot; The two beaſts that are placed before it, are a Lyon paſſant, and a white Vnicorne in the ſame poſture, on whoſe backs are ſeated two Ladies, the one repreſenting Juſtice upon the Lyon, the other Mercy upon the Vnicorne. The motto which Juſtice beareth, is Rebelles protero; the inſcription which Mercy carrieth, is Imbelles protego: Herein is intimated, that by theſe types and ſymboles of Honour (repreſented in theſe noble beaſts belonging io his Majeſtie) all other inferiour magiſtracies and governments either in Common weales, or private Societies, receive both being and ſupportance.

The Londons Ius Honorarium.

The prime Lady ſeated in the firſt and moſt eminent place of the Chariot, repreſenteth Lon don, behinde whom, and on either ſide, diverſe others of the chiefe Cities of the Kingdome take place: As Weſtminſter, Yorke, Briſtoll, Oxford, Lincolne, Exeter, &c. All theſe are to be diſtingui ſhed by their ſeverall Eſcutchons; to them London being Speaker, directeth the firſt part of her ſpeech as followeth.

You noble Citties of this generous Iſle, May theſe my two each Ladies ever ſmile. (Juſtice, and mercy) on you. You we know Are come to grace this our triumphant ſhow. And of your curteſy, the hand to kiſſe Of London, this faire lands Metropolis. Why ſiſter Cittyes ſit you thus amazd? If to behold above you, windowes glaſ’d With Diomonds ’ſted of glaſſe? Starres hither ſent, This day to deck our lower Firmament? Is it to ſee my numerous Children round Incompaſſe me? So that no place is found. In all my large ſtreets empty? My yſſue ſpred In number more then ſtones whereon they tread. To ſee my Temples, Houſes, even all places. With people covered, as If, Tyl’d with faces? Will Londons Ius Honorarium. Will you know whence proceedes this faire increaſe, This joy? the fruits of a continued peace, The way to thrive; to proſper in each calling, The weake, and ſhrinking ſtates, to keepe from falling, Behold; my motto ſhall all this diſplay, Reade and obſerve it well: Serve and obay. Obedience though it humbly doth begin, It ſoone augments unto a Magozin Of plenty, in all Citties ’tis the grownd, And doth like harmony in muſicke ſound: Nations and Common weales, by it alone Flouriſh: It incorporates, many into one, And makes vnanimous peace content and joy, Which pride, doth ſtill Inſidiate to deſtrsoy. And you grave Lord, on whom right honour cals, Both borne and bred i’th circuit of my wals, By vertue and example, have made plaine, How others may like eminence attaine. Perſiſt in this bleſt concord, may we long, That Citties to this City may ſtill throng, To view my annuall tryumphs, and fo grace, Thoſe honored Pretors that ſupply this place.

Next after the Chariot, are borne the two rocks, Sylla and Caribdis, which before were pre ſented upon the water: upon the top of the

one Londons Ius Honorarium.

one ſtands a Sea Lyon vpon the other a Meare maide or Sea-Nimphe, the Sirens and Monſters, bee ing in continuall agitation and motion, ſome brea thing fire, others ſpowting water, I ſhall not neede to ſpend much time in the Deſcription of them, the wroorke being ſufficiently able to Commend itſelfe.

The third ſhow by Land Preſented neere vnto the great Croſſe in Cheape-ſide, beareth the title of the Palace of Honour: A faire and Curious ſtru cture archt and Tarreſt aboue, on the Top of which ſtandeth Honour, a Glorious preſens, and ritchly habited, ſhee in her ſpeech directed to the right Honorable: the Lord Maior, diſcouers all the true and direct wayes to attaine vnto her as, firſt:

A King: Eyther by ſucceſſion or Election. A Souldier, by valour and martiall Diſcipline A Churchman by Learning and degrees in ſcooles A Stateſman by Trauell and Language &c. A Lord Maior by Commerce and Trafficke both By Sea and Land, by the Inriching of the King dome, and Honour of our Nation.

The Palace of Honour is thus governed

Induſtry Controwler, his Word Negotior Charity Steward, the Word Miſerior C Liberality Londons Ius Honorarium. Liberality Treaſurer, the Word Largior, Innocence and } Henchmen the words, Deuotion Patior: Precor.

And ſo of the reſt, and according to this Pallace of Honour is facioned not onely the managment of the whole Citty in generall: but the Houſe and Family of the Lord Maior in particuler.

Before in the Front of this pallace is ſeated Saint Katherin, the Lady and Patroneſſe of this Worſhip full Society of whom I will giue you this ſhort Character. the name it ſelfe imports in the Origi nall. Omnis ruina, which (as ſome interpret it) is as much as to ſay, the fall and ruin of all the workes of the Diuell: Others deriue the word from Catena, a Chaine wherein all cheife Vertues and Graces are concatinated and link’t together, ſo much for her name.

For her birth, ſhee was lineally deſcended from the Roman Emperours, the daughter of Coſtus the ſonne of Conſtantine which Coſtnus was Crowned King of Armenia, for Conſtantine hauing conquered

that Londons Ius Honorarium.

that Kingdome, grew Inamored of the Kings Daughter by whom he had Iſſue, this Coſtus who after ſucceeded his Grand Father.

Conſtantine after the death of his firſt Wife made an expedition from Roome, and hauing Conquered this Kingdome of Great Britaine: he tooke to his Second Wife Helena, which Helena was ſhe that found the Croſſe vpon which the Sauiour of the World was Crucified, &c.

Coſtus Dying whilſt Katherine was yet young, and ſhee being all that Time liuing in Famogoſta, (a cheife City, becauſe ſhee was there Proclaimed and Crowned was called Queene of Famogoſta, ſhe liued and dyed a Virgin and a Martyr vnder the Tiranny of Maxentius, whoſe Empreſſe, with many other great & eminent perſons ſhe had before con uerted to the Faith. So much for her character Her ſpeech to the Lord Maior as followeth.

IKatherin, long ſince Sainted for true piety, The Lady patroneſse of this Society, A queene, a Virgin, and a Martir: All My Atributes: Inuite you to this Hall Cald Honours pallace: nor is this my Wheele, Blind Fortunes Embleame, ſhe that makes to reele; Kingdomes and Common weales, all turning round, Some to aduance, and others to Confound: Mine is the Wheele of Faith, (all wayes in motion) Stedfaſt in Hope, and Conſtant in Deuotion. C2 It Londons Ius Honorarium. It Imitates the Spheres ſwift agitation, Orbicularly, ſtill mouing to Saluation: That’s to the Primus motor; from whom Flowes, All Goodneſſe, Vertue: There, true Honour growes, Which: If you will attaine t’ muſt be your care, (Graue Magiſtrate.) Inſtated as you are. To keepe this Curoular action, in your charge, To Curbe the’ opreſſor, the oppreſt to inlarge; To be the Widdowes Husband, th’Orphants Father, The blindmans eye, the lame mans foot: ſo gather A treaſure beyond valew, by your place; (More then Earths Honour,) trew Cæleſtiall grace, Ayme firſt at that: what other Honors be, Honour Her ſelſe can beſt Inſtruct thats ſhee.

At that word ſhee poynteth vpward to a Glori ous preſens which perſonates Honor in the top of the pallace, who thus ſecondeth Saint Katherens Speech.

The way to me though not debard, Yet it is dificult and hard. If Kings Arriue to my profection Tis by Succeſſion, or Election When Fortitude doth Action grace, The Souldier then with me takes place When Stooddy, Knowledge and degree Makes Scollers Eminent heere with mee; They Londons Ius Honorarium. They are liſted with the Honored: and The Trauilar, when many a land He hath’ peir’ſt for language, and much knowes A great reſpected ſtateſman growes. So you and ſuch as you (Graue Lord) Who weare this Scarlet, vſe that Swoord Collar, and Cap of Maintenance, Theſe are no things, that come by chance Or got by ſleeping but auerſe From theſe I am gaind: by care, Commerce, The hazarding of Goods, and men To Pyrats Rocks, ſhelues, Tempeſt, when? You through a Wilderneſſe of Seas, Dangers of wrack, Surpriſe, Deſeaſe Make new deſcoveryes, for a laſting ſtory Of this our Kingdomes fame and Nations glory Thus is that Collar, and your Scarlet worne, And for ſuch cauſe, the Sworde before you Borne. They are the emblems of your Power, and heere Though curb’d within the Limmet of one yeare, Yet manadge as they ought by your Indeuour Shall make your name (as new) Honored for eu reuer Vnto which Pallace of peace, reſt and bliſse, Supply of all things, where nought wanting is Would theſe that ſhall ſucceede you know the way? Tis plaine, God, the King Serue and Obay.

I cannot heare forget that in the preſentment of

C3 my Londons Ius Honorarium.

my papers to the Maſter, Wardens, & Committies of this Right Worſhipfull Company of the Haber daſhers (at whoſe ſole expence and charges all the publick Triumphes of this dayes Solemnity both by water and land, were Celebrated) nothing here deuiſed or expreſſed was any way forraigne vnto them, but of all theſe my conceptions, they were as able to Iudge, as ready to Heare, and to direct as well as to Cenſure; nether was there auny dificulty which needed a comment, but as ſoone known as ſhowne, and apprehended as read: which makes me now confident of the beſt ranke of the Citti ſens: That as to the Honour and ſtrength both of the Citty and Kingdome in generall, they excer ciſe Armes in publicke, ſo to the benefit of their Iudgements, and inriching of their knowledge, they neglect not the ſtuddy of arts, and practiſe of literature in priuate, ſo that of them it may be truly ſaid they are, Tam Mercurio quam Marte periti: I pro ceede now to the laſt Speech at night in which V liſſes at the taking leaue of his Lordſhip at his Gate, vſeth this ſhort Commemoration, of all that hath bin included in the former pageants, poynting to them in order, the manner thereof thus.

Night Londons Ius Honorarium. Night growes, Inuiting you to reſt, prepare To riſe to morrrw to a whole Yeares care, Enuy ſtill waites on Honour, then prouide Vliſſes Wiſdome may be ſtill your guide To ſtere you through all dangers: Husband Time That this day brings you to a place ſublime, By the Supporture of his daughter Truth This Ancient Citty in her priſtine Youth, Your ſword may reeſtabliſh: and ſo bring Her ſtill to floriſh; like that laſting Spring That London in whoſe Circuit you were bred And borne therein, to be the Cheife and Head Drawne by theſe two beaſts in an Equall line May in your Mercy and your Iustice ſhine, So Honour who this day did you Inuite Vnto Her palace bids you thus Good Night, No following day but adde to your Renowne And this your Charge, with numerous Bleſſings crowne.

I haue forborne to ſpend much paper in neede leſſe and Inpertinent deciphering the worke, or explaining the habits of the perſons, as being free ly expoſed to the publicke view of all the Spectators. The maine ſhow, being performed by themoſt excellent in that kind, Miaaiſter Gerard Chriſt mas hath expreſt hias Modals to bee exquiſite (ashauing ſpared nei-ther Coſt nor care, either in the Figures or ornaments. I ſhall not neede to point vnto them to ſay, this is a Lyon, and that an Vnicorne, &c. For of this Artiſt, I may bouldly and freely thus much ſpeake, though many about the towne may enuie their worke, yet with all their in deuor they ſhall not be able to compare with their worth. I Conclude with Plautus in ſticho: Nam cu rioſus eſt nemo qui non ſit malevolus.For no one who is a meddler is not malevolent.

FINIS.
Participants Lucas Simpson Lucas Simpson LS

Research Assistant, 2018-2021. Lucas Simpson was a student at the University of Victoria.

 Chris Horne Chris Horne CH

Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Chris Horne was an honours student in the Department of English at the University of Victoria. His primary research interests included American modernism, affect studies, cultural studies, and digital humanities.

 Kate LeBere Kate LeBere KL

Project Manager, 2020-2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019-2020. Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. She published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. During her time at MoEML, Kate made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey of London, old-spelling anthology of mayoral shows, and old-spelling library texts. She authored the MoEML’s first Project Management Manual and "quickstart" guidelines for new employees and helped standardize the Personography and Bibliography. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

 Tracey El Hajj Tracey El Hajj TEH

Junior Programmer 2018-2020. Research Associate 2020-2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019-20 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Linked Early Modern Drama Online team, between 2019 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Chase Templet Chase Templet CT

Research Assistant, 2017-2019. Chase Templet was a graduate student at the University of Victoria in the Medieval and Early Modern Studies (MEMS) stream. He was specifically focused on early modern repertory studies and non-Shakespearean early modern drama, particularly the works of Thomas Middleton.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Mark Kaethler Mark Kaethler MK

Mark Kaethler is Department Chair, Arts, at Medicine Hat College; Assistant Director, Mayoral Shows, with MoEML; and Assistant Director for LEMDO. They are the author of Thomas Middleton and the Plural Politics of Jacobean Drama (De Gruyter, 2021) and a co-editor with Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Janelle Jenstad of Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge, 2018). Their work has appeared in The London Journal, Early Theatre, Literature Compass, Digital Studies/Le Champe Numérique, and Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, as well as in several edited collections. Mark’s research interests include digital media and humanities; textual editing; game studies; and early modern drama.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 Sir Henry fitz-Alwine Sir Henry fitz-Alwine Mayor

First mayor of London 1189–1212. Possible member of the Drapers’ Company. Buried at Holy Trinity Priory.

MASL ODNB Wikipedia Thomas Nele Thomas Nele Sheriff

Sheriff of London 1208-1209.

MASL Peter Duke Peter Duke Sheriff

Sheriff of London 1208-1209.

MASL St. Catherine of Alexandria Saint Catherine

Venerated saint and martyr. Daughter of Constus.

EB Wikipedia Justice Justice

Personification of lawfulness and fairness. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and Richard Johnson’s Nine Worthies of London.

 Thomas Heywood Thomas Heywood

Playwright and poet.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Honour Honour

Personification of honour. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and Richard Johnson’s Nine Worthies of London and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 John I John I King of England Lackland

King of England 1199-1216.

EB ODNB Wikipedia London London

Personification the city of London. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Nicholas Okes Nicholas Okes

Printer. Member of the Stationers’ Company. Business partner of John Norton. Father of John Okes.

BBTI Wikipedia Time Time

Personification of time. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 Truth Truth

Personification of truth. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 Charity Charity

Personification of charity. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 Gerard Christmas Gerard Christmas

Carver and sculptor. Artificer of mayoral shows.

ODNB Wikipedia Faith Faith

Personification of faith. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Hope Hope

Personification of hope. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Constus Costus

Governor of Alexandria 286–305. Father of St. Catherine of Alexandria.

 Mercy Mercy

Personification of mercy. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Constantine I Constantine I the Great Emperor of the Western Empire Emperor of the Roman Empire Flavius Valerius Constantinus

Emperor of the Western Empire 312-324. Emperor of the Roman Empire 324–337. First Roman emperor to profess Christianity.

EB Wikipedia St. Helena Helen Empress of the Roman Empire

Empress of the Roman Empire. Mother of Constantine I.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Cicero Cicero

Roman philosopher, politician, and lawyer.

EB Wikipedia Romulus Romulus

Twin brother of Remus in Roman mythology. Founder of Rome.

EB Wikipedia Seneca Seneca

Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist.

Wikipedia Samuel Cranmer Samuel Cranmer Sheriff

Sheriff of London 1631-1632. Member of the Brewers’ Company.

BHO MASL Wikipedia Sir Henry Pratt Sir Henry Pratt Sheriff

Sheriff of London 1631-1632. Member of the Merchant Taylors’ Company. Knighted on 26 July 1641.

BHO MASL Wikipedia Odysseus Odysseus King of Ithaca Ulysses

King of Ithaca in Greek mythology. Appears in Homer’s the Odyssey.

Wikipedia Scylla Scylla

Sea monster in Greek mythology. Resided on one side of a narrow channel of water, opposite her counterpart Charybdis. Appears in Homer’s the Odyssey.

Wikipedia Charybdis Charybdis

Sea monster in Greek mythology. Resided on one side of a narrow channel of water, opposite her counterpart Scylla. Appears in Homer’s the Odyssey.

Wikipedia Parthenope Parthenope

Siren in Greek mythology.

Wikipedia Leucosia Leucosia

Siren in Greek mythology.

 Ligeia Ligeia

Siren in Greek mythology.

 Maxentius Maxentius Emperor of the Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius

Emperor of the Roman Empire 306–312.

EB Wikipedia Sir George Whitmore Sir George Whitmore Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1621-1622. Mayor 1631-1632. Member of the Haberdashers’ Company. Knighted on 27 May 1632.

MASL Marcus Furius Camillus Marcus Furius Camillus

Roman soldier and statesman.

EB Marcus Furius Camillus II Marcus Furius Camillus II

Roman governor of Africa proconsularis.

Wikipedia Worshipful Company of HaberdashersHaberdashers’ Company

The Haberdashers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London. The Haberdashers were eighth in the order of precedence established in 1515. The Worshipful Company of Haberdashers is still active and maintains a website at http://www.haberdashers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company and history of their hall.

The coat of arms of the Haberdashers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image]
Medicine Hat College English 300/2210 Fall 2017 Students Student Contributors

Student contributors enrolled in English 300: Survey of English Literature and English 2210: English Literature to the Restoration at Medicine Hat College in Fall 2017, working under the guest editorship of Mark Kaethler.