Londini Emporia or Londons Mercatura Author Thomas Heywood Printer Nicholas Okes Editor Mark Kaethler Editor Janelle Jenstad Transcriber Lucas Simpson Encoder Lucas Simpson Encoder Kate LeBere Markup Editor Kate LeBere Markup Editor Chris Horne CSS Editor Chase Templet CSS Editor Chris Horne Transcription Proofreader Chris Horne Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3

Copyright held by The Map of Early Modern London on behalf of the contributors.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Further details of licences are available from our Licences page. For more information, contact the project director, Janelle Jenstad, for specific information on the availability and licensing of content found in files on this site.

 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Heywood, Thomas ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Londini Emporia or Londons Mercatura T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/EMPO1.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/EMPO1.xml TY - UNP ER - Heywood, Thomas. Londini Emporia or Londons Mercatura. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/EMPO1.htm. Draft. Heywood, Thomas. Londini Emporia or Londons Mercatura. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/EMPO1.htm. Draft. Heywood, T. 2022. Londini Emporia or Londons Mercatura. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/EMPO1.htm. Draft. 13348. DEEP 820.This document is a facsimile transcription of the Huntington Library’s copy of the 1633 text. Because EEBO’s scan of the title page is obscured in several places, we consulted a photograph of the same copy in David M. Bergeron’s critical edition of Thomas Heywood’s Pageants. Bergeron, David M., ed. Londini Emporia, or Londons Mercatura. <ref type="bibl" target="BIBL1.xml#BERG40">Thomas Heywood’s Pageants: A Critical Edition</ref>. New York: Garland, 1986. 53–71. Print. EEBO-TCP (EEBO Text Creation Partnership). [The Text Creation Partnership offers searchable diplomatic transcriptions of many EEBO items.] Early English Books Online (EEBO). Proquest LLC. London

The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (London).

(LOND5.xml) The Thames Information is not yet available. (THAM2.xml) St. Paul’s Churchyard

Surrounding St. Paul’s Cathedral, St. Paul’s Churchyard has had a multi-faceted history in use and function, being the location of burial, crime, public gathering, and celebration. Before its destruction during the civil war, St. Paul’s Cross was located in the middle of the churchyard, providing a place for preaching and the delivery of Papal edicts (Thornbury).

(STPA3.xml) Cheap Ward

Cheap Ward is west of Bassinghall Ward and Coleman Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Cheapside, are named after West Cheap (the market).

(CHEA1.xml)

Commemorative pageant book prepared for the inauguration of Ralph Freeman as Lord Mayor of London in 1633. Pageants coordinated by Thomas Heywood on behalf of the Worshipful Company of the Clothworkers. Book printed by Nicholas Okes. Diplomatic transcription prepared by the MoEML Team. See https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/EMPO1.htm for full credits and editorial procedures.

The Julian calendar, in use in the British Empire until September 1752. This calendar is used for dates where the date of the beginning of the year is ambigious.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year beginning on 25 March. This was the calendar used in the British Empire until September 1752.

The Gregorian calendar, used in the British Empire from September 1752. Sometimes referred to as New Style (NS). Years run from January 1 through December 31.

The Anno Mundi (year of the world) calendar is based on the supposed date of the creation of the world, which is calculated from Biblical sources. At least two different creation dates are in common use. See Anno Mundi (Wikipedia).

Regnal dates are given as the number of years into the reign of a particular monarch. Our practice is to tag such dates with @calendar="regnal", and provide an equivalent date using a more systematic calendar (usually Julian) in a custom dating attribute.

Most MoEML documents, or significant fragments with @xml:id attributes, can be addressed using the mol: prefix and accessed through the web application with their id + .xml.

The molagas prefix points to the shape representation of a location on MoEML’s OpenLayers3-based rendering of the Agas Map.

Links to page-images in the Chadwyck-Healey Early English Books Online (EEBO) repository. Note that this is a subscription service, and may not be accessible to those accessing it from locations outside member institutions.

Links to page-images in the English Broadside Ballad Archive (EBBA).

The mdt (MoEML Document Type) prefix used on <catRef>/@target points to a central taxonomy in the includes file.

The mdtlist (MoEML Document Type listing) prefix used in linking attributes points to a listings page constructed from a category in the central MDT taxonomy in the includes file. There are two variants, one with the plain @xml:id of the category, meaning all documents in the specified category, and one with the suffix _subcategories, meaning all subcategories of the category.

The molgls (MoEML gloss) prefix used on <term>/@corresp points to a a glossary entry in the GLOSS1.xml file.

This molvariant prefix is used on <ref>/@target attributes during automated generation of gazetteer index files. It points to an element in the generated variant spellings listing file which lists all documents which contain a particular spelling variant for a location.

This molajax prefix is used on <ref>/@target attributes during the static build process, to specify links which point to MoEML resources which should not be loaded into the source page during standalone processing; instead, these should be turned into links to the XML source documents, and at HTML page load time, these should be turned into AJAX calls. This is to handle the scenario in which a page such as an A-Z index of the whole site would end up containing virtually the whole site inside itself.

The molstow prefix is used on @facs attributes to link to the HCMC verison of the Stow facsimiles. Usually the first group is the year (1633) and then last is the image number (0001).

The molshows prefix is used on @facs attributes to link to the copies of page-images from mayoral shows stored in the london account on the HCMC server. The first group is the year (1633), the second is the source repository, and then last is the image file name.

The sb prefix is used on <ref>/@target attributes to link to Stow’s Books URLs at UToronto.

These digital editions are diplomatic transcriptions. Our goal has been to provide clean, readable TEI transcriptions of all the extant mayoral shows from 1585 to 1639. Because this corpus has never before been made available in one place, we provide XML base texts that other scholars can repurpose according to our Creative Commons Licence.

MoEML transcriptions of the mayoral shows are based intially on the EEBO-TCP transcriptions. A MoEML research assistant or contributing scholar has carefully checked the TCP transcription at least once against the EEBO images (and sometimes against the Early English Books I microfilms when the film is clearer). We silently correct errors in TCP transcriptions and fill in many of the gaps left by TCP transcribers. When we make surmises about characters or supply characters in places where the text has been cropped, damaged, overinked, or underinked, we record our supplied values using <supplied>. The transcription is checked again by another MoEML research assistant, and finally by the Project Director or Assistant Project Director. Users may report transcription errors via the Send Feedback link on each page.

We treat title pages, dedications, and prefaces as front matter, encoded with the <front> element. We treat speeches, narrative descriptions, and interpretations as the body of the text, encoded with the <body> element. We treat colophons and concluding statements, including the word Finis, as back matter, encoded with the <back> element.

Normalizationmethod: silent:

Our practice has been to preserve most of the typographical, orthographical, and compositorial features of the original text. We use CSS styling to describe the peculiarities of font and justification. We also include links to the page images on EEBO; users who subscribe to EEBO may thus view the pages at any point and judge our transcription thereof for themselves.

Our encoders follow these rules for preserving or regularizing the text: Textual Component Rule Long ſ

TCP transcriptions do not preserve the long ſ. We have restored the long ſ through a series of find-and-replace functions based on typical early modern printing house habits, followed by a careful human checking against the digital images of the original.

 Capitalization

We preserve the capitalization of the source, including the second upper-case letter after a woodblock dropped capital.

 Italicization

We preserve the italicization of words by tagging them with a <hi> element with a @style value of "font-style: italic;". We consider italicization to be a bibliographic code rather than a linguistic code.

 Interchangeable Characters

We retain the interchangeable u/v and i/j and the use of vv for w. These are not marked up with any encoding.

 Ligatures

We retain the vowel digraphs using the appropriate Unicode characters (e.g., æ). Typographical ligatures (e.g., fl) have been silently expanded.

 Nasal Tildes

We retain the nasal tilde over vowels (e.g., õ) using the appropriate Unicode characters.

 Spacing Within Lines

MoEML closes up extra spaces between words and punctuation marks. However, we retain the spacing in authorial initials, such as A. M. (for Anthony Munday). We have added a single space after a comma when the comma has been used to separate two words.

 Lineation

MoEML preserves the line breaks in verse sections and the line wrapping in prose sections of mayoral shows. Prose line breaks have been encoded with a self-closing <lb> element. All line breaks in verse are produced by the use of <l> elements contained by <lg> elements.

 Hyphenation

MoEML transcriptions of mayoral shows preserve the hyphenation of words, both within and at the end of lines.

 Quotation Marks

All quotation marks are retained in the text and are represented by appropriate Unicode characters. We do not use the <quote> element for quotations in primary-source texts. MoEML practice calls for curly apostrophes and straight double quotation marks in both transcriptions and born-digital texts.

Interpretation:

We have interpreted and encoded toponyms, names, and dates. The encoding of toponyms requires some research to point the toponym to the right location file (and thence to the map), but the relative stability of the processional route has meant that we have high confidence in our encoding of toponyms in the mayoral shows. When our encoding has veered into interpretation, such as in our decision to encode abstract nouns as allegorical characters even when it is not completely clear that the abstraction is embodied by an actor, we have encoded with the goal of building analytical capacity into our texts, such as the capacity for users to search for characters like Time across the corpus of mayoral shows. For our treatment of early modern dates, see our encoding instructions at Encode Dates. Other than toponyms, names, and dates, we have undertaken no interpretative encoding.

Our editorial and encoding practices are documented in detail in the Praxis section of our website.

Author A person or organization chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work, usually printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such responsibility. MoEML uses the term author to designate a contributor who is wholly or partly responsible for the original content of either a born-digital document, such as an encyclopedia entry, or a primary source document, such as a MoEML Library text. Data manager A person or organization responsible for managing databases or other data sources. MoEML uses the term data manager to designate contributors who maintain and manage our databases. They add and update the data sent to us by external contributors or found by MoEML team members. They also monitor journals and sources regularly to ensure that our databases are current. Editor A person or organization who prepares for publication a work not primarily their own, such as by elucidating text, adding introductory or other critical matter, or technically directing an editorial staff. MoEML uses the term editor to designate a person who creates a modern edition of a work based on one of our encoded diplomatic transcriptions of a primary source. We use the term commentator to designate a person who adds editorial or explanatory notes to one of our diplomatic transcriptions. Markup editor A person or organization performing the coding of SGML, HTML, or XML markup of metadata, text, etc. MoEML uses the code mrk both for the primary encoder(s) and for the person who edits the encoding. MoEML’s normal workflow includes a step whereby encoders check each other’s work. We use the term encoder to designate the principal encoder, and markup editor to designate the person who checks the encoding. Project director A person or organization with primary responsibility for all essential aspects of a project, or that manages a very large project that demands senior level responsibility, or that has overall responsibility for managing projects, or provides overall direction to a project manager. MoEML’s Project Director directs the intellectual and scholarly aspects of the project, consults with the Advisory and Editorial Boards, and ensures the ongoing funding of the project. Proofreader A person who corrects printed matter. MoEML uses the term proofreader to designate a contributor who checks a transcription against an original document, or a person who corrects formatting and typographical errors in a born-digital article. Note that we use the term markup editor to designate a person who proofreads and corrects encoding. Programmer A person or organization responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation. MoEML uses the term programmer to designate a person or organization responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation. Printer A person or organization who prints texts, whether from type or plates. MoEML uses the term printer to designate the person named as the printer on the title page of a primary source text, or the person identified by scholars as the printer (e.g., in the English Short Title Catalogue database). In early modern printing practice, the roles of printer, bookseller, and publisher might coincide in one person, or be performed by different people. Research team head A person who directed or managed a research project. MoEML uses the terms research term head and assistant project manager interchangeably. Transcriber A person who prepares a handwritten or typewritten copy from original material, including from dictated or orally recorded material. MoEML uses the term transcriber to designate the person or organization that transcribes a primary source. In the case of EEBO-TCP transcribers, we do not know the names of the transcribers. Acceptable names for this role are transcriber, first transcriber (often the EEBO-TCP transcriber), or MoEML transcriber. CSS editor MoEML uses the term CSS Editor for a person who adds CSS styling to the transcription of a primary source. We use CSS styling to describe the bibliographic features of the texts we transcribe. For further information, see our page on CSS styling. Applied split paragraph transformation. Checked transcription, tagging and inline CSS. Added @xml:ids to <pb> elements using utilities/add_sig_ids_to_shows.xsl. Began implementing show into new template. Collapsed element rendition using XSLT. Changed calendar value from "julian" to "julianSic" using XSLT. Standardized <respStmt>s for JENS1, MCFI1, and HOLM3 and added TAKE1 as Junior Programmer. Added XInclude for <listPrefixDef> in the header. Added global publicationStmt through XInclude. Eliminated superfluous catRef elements from the header. Put <change> elements inside <revisionDesc> into the correct (latest first) order. Added <profileDesc> containing document type information expressed in <catRef> elements. Created document Londini Emporia, OR Londons Mercatura. Expreſt in ſundry Triumphs, Pageants and Showes, at the Inauguration of the Right Honorable Ralph Freeman into the Maiorty of the Famous and farre Renowned Citty London. All the Charge and Expence of the laborious Proiects, both by Water and Land, being the ſole vndertaking of the Right Worſhipfull Company of the Cloath-Workers
Horizontal rule
Written by Thomas Heyvvood.
Horizontal rule
⎯⎯⎯Redeunt Spectacula.⎯⎯⎯
Printer’s Crest
Printed at London by Nicholas Okes, 1633.
Printer’s ornament
To the Right Ho nourable Ralph Freeman, Lord Maior of this Renowned Me tropolis London.

Right Honourable,

THE Triumphs and sollemnities of this Day, are dedicated and deuoted to this your happy Inauguration, which as Time warranteth, ſo Cuſtome confirmeth: And herein hath this City a Priority aboue any Metropolis in Europe: For Rome it ſelfe when the Monar chy of the world was vnder her ſole Iuriſdiction, neuer receiued her Prætor, Conſul, or Dictator with the like Pompe and Sol lemnity: yet it is deriued vnto you from Antiquity, and I wiſh it may continue to all Poſterity. And Sir, for your owne part I am not altogether vnacquainted with your Modeſty, which would willingly haue euaded this honourable trouble, but now you finde that the Condition of Honour is ſuch, that it inquireth after him who regardeth it not, courteth him that affecteth it not, and followeth him faſteſt who moſt flyeth it, as knowing that it is not the Place which maketh the Perſon, but the Perſon which maketh the Place truely Honourable, which now hath inuited you to your merit, howſoeuer againſt

A2 your The Epistle.

your minde, according to that of the famous Hiſtoriographer Lyui. Decad Lib. 4. Gratia & honos opportuniores in terdum non cupientibus ſunt.Aduiſing you withall to this your high Office and Calling, to obſerue the neceſſary adiuncts thereto belonging, namely, Affability with Authority, and with your Sword and Power, Commiſeration and Pitty: Neither can I wiſh you a better Preſident to imitate then your Predeceſſor, of whom I may ſay,

Semper honos nomenque ſuum laudeſque manebunt. Not queſtioning but that wee may ſpeake the like of your ſelfe, and the two worthy Gentlemen the Sheriffes, your Affiſtants, when Time ſhall ſummon you to reſigne your places to theſe which ſhall ſucceed you: And thus I humbly take my leaue of your Lordſhip, with this Sentence borrowed from Seneca, Bo num eſt laudari, ſed præstantius eſt eſſe laudabilem.

Your Lordſhips humbly devoted, Thomas Heyvvood.
Horizontal rule
LONDONS
Printer’s Ornament
LONDONS EMPORIA,OR MERCATVRA.

MErcatura, i. Merchandiſe, the Greekes call Emporia, and Emporos a Mer chant, the Hebrewes Meker. From hence (it ſeemes) the Poets call Hermes (the Sonne of Iupiter and Maia) Mercury, making him the God of Merchants and Merchandiſe. The miſtery whereof hath in the an cient times beene held glorious, and the profeſſors there of illuſtrious as thoſe, by whoſe Aduenture and Induſtry vnknowne Countries haue beene diſcouered, Friendſhip with forreigne Princes contracted, barbarous Nations to humane gentleneſſe and courteſie reduced, and all ſuch vſefull commodities in forreigne Climats abounding, and in their owne wanting, made conducible and frequent, nay, many of them haue not beene onely the Erectors of braue and goodly ſtructures, but the Founders of great and fa mous Cities: (for ſo ſayth Plutarch in Solon) Merchan diſe it ſelfe, according to Ariſtotle, conſiteth of three things, Nauigation, Fœneration, and Negotiation, all which are commendably approued, if conſiderately and conſcio nably vſed.

Eight Offices of Piety are in a Merchant required. 1. Rectitudo conſcientiœ, Vprightneſſe of Conſcience, which

A3 is Londons Emporia,

is moſt acceptable to the Creator, (and therefore ought to be more prized by the Creature) then any vaine-glorious Title: as as ſtiled by our beſt Theologiſts, the indulgent Mo ther of all Vertues whatſoeuer. 2. Simulationis & diſſimu lationis ſecluſio, i. A ſecluſion or ſeperation from all diſ ſembling or equivocation. 3. Frandem deuitare, i. To a bandon all fraud or deceite in bargaining, but in all Coue nants and Contracts to obſerue truth and irreprooueable fi delity. 4. Iuſtitiam exerceri, i. To exerciſe Iuſtice: which excludeth the practice of Iuniury, Extortion, and Oppreſ ſion. 5. Superbiam deponere, To lay by all pride, for (as diuine Plato ſayth) Hee who knoweth himſelfe beſt, eſteemeth of himſelfe the leaſt: Wee reade alſo in Socrates, that pride is a vice which of young men ought to be carefully auoided, of old men vtterly abiured, of all men ſuſpected and feared. 6. Beneficientia vti, i. Out of his abundance to bee open-handed vnto all, but eſpecially vnto the poore and indigent. 7. Auaritiam frœnare, i. To bridle the inſatiate deſire of getting, for the auaritious man wanteth as well what he hath, as what he hath not: who hath great trauaile in gathering Wealth, more danger in keeping it, much Law in defending it, moſt torment in departing from it. 8. Sollicitudines reſecare, i. To renounce all care and trouble of minde, which may hinder Diuine contemplation, but rather to fixe his thoughts vpon that Heauenly treaſure which the Moath corrupteth not, the Fire cannot waſte, nor the Sea wracke: All theſe things deſireable being knowne to be eminent in your Lordſhip, was the maine inducement to intitle this preſent Show by this apt Denomination, Londi ni Emporia: Further of Merchants we reade Horace thus, Impiger extremes currit Mercater ad Indos, Per mare pauperiem fugiens, per ſaxa per ignes. The Merchant to the farthest Indies flies, Through ſeas, rockes, fires, lest Want ſhould him ſurpriſe.

Concerning Or Mercatura.

Concerning this Company of Cloath-workers, none hath beene more ancient, as claiming their place from the firſt inſtitution, and though in count the laſt of Twelue, yet euery way equall with firſt or any: the reaſons are pregnant and briefely theſe: The Nobility of the Land are called Pares, (that is) Peeres. For their parity and equality, as hauing preualent voyces in the high Seſſion, or Court of Parliament. The two famous Vniuerſities are equall Siſters: neyther can one claime priority aboue the other, yet becauſe they cannot be named at once, thoſe of Cam bridge ſay, Cambridge and Oxford: Thoſe of Oxford ſay, Oxford and Cambridge, which neither addeth nor de tracteth from the other: In all numbers there is a compul ſiue neceſſity of order, onely for for method ſake, not that we can properly ſay, this Figure in it ſelfe is better then that, being all of them onely helpers to make vp an Account: ſince that all the Lord Maiors of this honourable City: (from which of the Twelue Companies ſoeuer they be Elected) beare one Sword, receiue one Power, and retaine like Authority: (There being no difference at all in place, office, or in granting Priuiledges or Immunities &c.) I hold them all equall without difference, or if any ſhall claime priority or precedence aboue the reſt, let it bee conferr’d vpon that which breedeth the beſt Magiſtrates, and of this Company haue beene theſe after named, not of the leaſt Eminence, as Sir William Hart, L. Maior Anno 1559. Sir Rowland Hayward An. 1570, who was twice L. Maior at the leaſt. Sir Iames Howell An. 1574. Sir Edward Oſborne An. 1583. Thomas Skinner, who dyed before hee was Knighted, 1596. Sir Iohn Spencer An. 1594. Sir Michael Moſeley 1599. Sir Iohn Watts 1606. And now this preſent yeare 1633. the Right Honourable Ralph Freeman: Neyther is it the leaſt honour to this right Worſhipfull Fraternity, that it pleaſed Royall King Iames, (of ſacred memory)

beſides Londons Emporia,

beſides diuers others of the Nobility, to enter into the freedome and brother-hood of this Company.

I come now to the firſt ſhow by water which is a Seachariot beautified and adorned with ſhel-fiſhes of ſundry faſhion and ſplendor, the Fabricke it ſelfe being viſible to all, needeth not any expreſſion from me. This Chariot of no vſuall forme or figure, is drawne by two Griffons. (The ſupporters to the Armes of this Worſhipfull Company: Thoſe which ride vpon theſe commixt Birds and Beaſts bearing ſtaues with pendants falling from their tops, in which are portray’d the Armes of the two Sheriffes now in place: The ſpeaker is Thameſis, or the Genius of the Riuer Thames, increaſed to this nauigable depth by the meeting of the Tame and Iſis, he being ſeated in the front of the Chariot with his water Nymphes clad in ſeuerall colours about him, ſeemeth aſleepe, but at the approach of the Lord Maiors Barge, he rowzeth himſelfe as being newly wakend from a Dreame, and ſpeaketh as followeth.

CAn Thameſis himſelfe ſo farre forget? But ’tis ſo long ſince Tame and Iſis met, That ’tis not rare; for we two are growne old, And being Riuers, ſubject to take cold: Forc’t with extremity of paine to grone, As troubled with the grauell and the stone. (Whole ſhelues are in our raines) but (Fates ſo pleaſe) By Artists helpe we late haue got ſome eaſe. Thankes to our Patriots: O when I looke On you, I muſt acknowledge to a Brooke My Riuer had beene turn’d, had not your care Beene euer ſtudious for our beſt well-fare. (My recollection helpe me) you are hee That vp to Stanes downe as farre as Lee, Are Or Mercatura. Are my great Lord in cheife; firſt then I bow To your Inauguration, and I now Rowſe me in my Sea Chariot, drawne or led by your owne Griffons: Birds, who haue the head Of Eagles, Lyons body, wings beſide, All Symboles of that Prætor, who ſhall guide So great a ſtate; know further, Griffons can Snatch from the Earth the harneſt horſe and man To pray on them at pleaſure, theſe imply That you muſt alwayes haue an Eagles eye To out gaze the Sun, and keepe that Aquilant ſight To ſee what’s wrong, and to diſtinguiſh right. The Lyons strength and boldnes you muſt haue (With all his pitty,) for to ſuch as craue Or yeeld vnto him, aining themſelues dying, Scorning to kil, he will not touch them lying: But ſuch as striue or ſhall oppugne his lawes, He rends and teares them with his Kingly pawes. The wings your Griffons beare, import what ſpeede ſhould be apply’d to ſuch as iuſtice neede: But why ſhould I though beſt of Neptunes ſonnes (Whoſe ſtreame almoſt by your permiſſion runnes) Inſtruct him who can teach? ſince the laſt yeare Till this day, neuer ran my Tides ſo cleare As now they doe, were neuer ſo become With Barges, Enſignes; Trumpets, Fyfe and Drum, Me thinkes you make me yong againe to view Old cuſtomes kept, and (in them) all things new. Though I by name of Thameſis ame knowne My ſtreames are yours, you welcome to your owne, Paſſe, and returne ſafe, thus much on we build, What’s on my Waters wanting Land ſhall yeeld. B THE Londini Emporia.

THe firſt Show by Land, Preſenteth it ſelfe in Paules Church-yard, which is a Shepheard grazing his flocke vpon an Hill adorned; with ſeuerall Trees, and ſundry ſorts of Flowers, he ſitteth vpon a Dyall to which his ſheepehooke is the Gnomon, (a symbole of his care and vigilancy,) vpon the ſame plat-forme where his Sheepe are reſting in ſeuerall poſtures, appeareth a Woolfe ready to ceaſe vpon his prey, at whoſe preſence though his Dogge ſeeme terrified and flyes for refuge to his maſter, yet he ſtands ready at all houres with a bold ſpirit and wakefull eye, both for the defence of his charge and offence of the comon aduerſary the Woolfe, which reflecteth vpon the office of the Prætor this day Inaugurated wherein is expreſt, not onely the care he ought to haue of his flocke, but of the profit alſo which ariſeth from the fleece, from which the miſtery of the Cloath-Workers deriueth its Originall. Pastor or Opilio in the Roman tongue, and in ours a Shepheard: the Hebrues Call Roheh, from which ſome are of opinion Rex and Roy are deriued, the Greekes call him Poimin, which properly implyes Ouium paſtor or a feeder of Sheepe: to which charge none ought to aſpire who is not lawfully called, but this Shepheard entereth by the Dore which is the voyce of a free election, and is not that Mercinarius paſtor of whom it is thus ſpoken, Hee ſeeth the Woolfe comming, and leaueth the Sheepe and flleeth, &c. I ſhall not neede to ſwell my pa ges by reciting the ſundry profits and emoluments ariſing from this moſt neceſſary Miſtery, without which no Common-Weale were able to ſubſiſt, nor to reckon vp into how many ſeuerall Prouinces and Countries this cõmodity of Cloath is tranſported and vended, nor what ſeuerall ſorts of wares (by barter, and commerce) are in exchange of that brought ouer into our owne Kingdome, therefore to cut of circumſtance, I proceede to the Shepheards Speech as followeth.

The Or Mercatura. IF a true Shepheard you deſire to ſee, Looke this way, for hee’s embleam’d here in me: But you graue Prætor rais’d to this high ſtate, Hee whom as now I only perſonate The numerous throng, which you this day behold Are your owne Sheep, this Citty is their fold, And by your graue deſcretion they ſhal beſt, Know where to browze by day, by night to reſt. As I, ſo you must on a Diall ſit Which hath no Gnomon but my ſtaffe to it, And ſuch your Swoord is now, your wakefull eye Must still be ope to watch where you can ſpy The Rauenous Woolfe to preſſe, and block the way, Least hee on any of your Flocke ſhould prey: Although my Dog fly from him, who hath binne Rent with his, and feares his horrid grinne, Yet at all houres (you ſee) I ready ſtand With armed hart, and Sheep-hooke in my hand, (So with your Swoord muſt you) both with an hye Vndaunted Spirit, and with a Vigilant eye, Least any envious thorne, or ſchratching bryer, May race their Skinnes, or on their Fleeces tyer, And that your charge ſo carefully be borne They may be neuer But in Seaſon ſhorne: Great reaſon too you haue, for by this Trade, (Of which Great Freeman, you firſt Free were made) The whole Land’s Cloath, no Miſtery, no Art, Science, or Manifacture, that hath part In Theory or Practick, but muſt all Giue due reſpect to this in generall: For ſince the Trade of Cloathing firſt begun, Both from the ſcorching of the ſommers Sun, B2 And Londons Emporia, And blustering North-Winds, Rich, Poore, Young and Old Haue beene defenc’d, nor could that Fleece of Gold Colchos ſtill boaſts, (in the’ Ancient Poets read So vſefull prooue, or make ſo fine a threed With ours, (low priſ’d becauſe not counted rare) No remote Climat’s able to compare: It is that onely MerchandiZze which brings All nouels wanting heere, euen forreigne Kings Haue thought themſelues Rich Habited to haue worne Such Cloath as for the commonneſſe we ſcorne, Oh bleſſe then our increaſe, thoſe that haue been I’th Worlds remote parts, and ſtrange Nations ſeene, For want of Cloath find them goe naked there, Yet men like vs, and the ſame Image beare, Make much Sir of your great Charge, ’tis not mine, Y’are the true Shepheard, I my place of reſigne.

THe ſecond Show by Land, preſented in the vpper end of Cheape-ſide, is a Ship moſt proper to the Trade of Merchant-aduenturers: neither know I whom more aptly to imploy as Pilot therein then Mercury, whom the Poets feigne not onely to be Diactorus, or Internuntius betwixt the gods and men: as alſo the Leader of the Graces, the Inuenter of Wreſtling, the Deuiſer of Letters, the Patron of Eloquence, &c. (From whence hee hath ſundry attributes and denominations conferr’d vpon him) but he is alſo termed the god of Barter, buying, ſelling, and com merce in all Merchandiſe whatſoeuer.

Wee reade of two onely imployd by the gods in Embaſſie vnto men, namely, Iris and Mercury: The difference betwixt their imployments is, that Iris (for the moſt part commanded by Iuno, (as being her chiefe Attendant) and neuer by the reſt of the gods, vnleſſe to fore-tell Warre, Famine, Peſtilence, or ſome ſtrange Diſaſter: And Mercury

was Or Mercatura.

was negotiated but in ſports, paſtimes, marriage Feaſts, ſollemne meetings, Showes, Ouations, Triumphs, ſpectacles of the like nature, and therefore more proper to this Dayes imployment. He is figured like a young man, freſh coloured and beardleſſe: In his right hand holding a Golden Purſe, in his left a Caduzcæus, (a Rod with two Snakes twined and internoded about it,) their Heads meeting at the top, and their Tayles at the bottome, which the Æ gyptians held to be an Embleame of Peace: and in ancient dayes Great men imployde in the affaires of State, or forreigne Embaſſies, boare ſuch Staues, from whence they were called Caducæatores: Hee weares Wings vpon his Hat and Heeles, intimating his Celerity: and behinde him ſtands a Cocke, denoting his Vigilancy: ſo much for the perſon, I come now to his Speech.

IMercury, the Patrone of all Trade, Of Trafficke and Commerce, am this day made A ſpeaker from the Gods: (for my quicke motion Can ſayle as well vpon the Land as Ocean): And who the Merchant better can aſsure, Then Mercury, the Lord of Mercature? To you, this Day with ſtate and power indow’d, Whoſe winged Ships all forreigne Seas have plow’d, And mauger, ſurge, guſt, or tempestuous flawe Diſcouered what our Pole-ſtarre neuer ſaw. They from cold Arctos to the burning Zone Haue waſht their keeles to find out lands vnknowne. Croſſing the Boreal and the Auſtrall lynes, To view the ſet and riſe of all the Signes. To you whoſe Factors in both Indies lye, The Eaſt and Weſt: (all parts both farre and nye,) B3 Who Londons Emporia, Who ſometimes vp, then downe the Volga ſteere, To know in Muſco what is cheape or deere: And what Heſperian Tagus can affoord, (To enrich this noble Iſland) take aboard. There’s nothing the braue Perſian can hold rare, But hither brought by your great Coſt and Care. The potent Turke (although in faith aduerſe) Is proud that he with England can commerce. What Genoua, Luca, Florence, Naples yeeldes, What growes, or’s found through all the Latian fields. What is in China, Greece, or Ormous ſold, (That Diamond worthy to be ſet in Gold.) For Norway, Danske, France, Spaine, the Netherlands, What’s beſt in them, comes frequent to our hands. And for our tranſportage of ſome ſurplus ware, (Our owne wants furniſht) what we beſt can ſpare. No rarity for profit or for pleaſure, But brought to vs in an abundant meaſure. To this braue Iſle, (by Neptune moated round) You give a Wall; not fixt on any ground, But mouing ’tweene the Ocean and the Ayre, Which as you build, ſo yearely you repayre. And (though a woodden Fabricke) ſo well knit, That ſhould inuaſiue force once menace it With loud-voic’t Thunder, mixt with Sulpherous flame, ’Twould ſinke, or ſend them backe with feare and ſhame. Graue Sir, no other preſidant you neede To follow now, then him whom you ſucceede: Next on your Motto thinke: ſo happy prooue, Let your truſt be in him that reignes aboue.

THe third Show by Land, is a Modell deuiſed for ſport to humour the throng, who come rather to ſee then to heare: And without ſome ſuch intruded Anti-maske, many

who Or Mercatura.

who carry their eares in their eyes, will not ſticke to ſay, I will not giue a pinne for the Show. Since therefore it conſiſts onely in motion, agitation and action, and theſe (expreſſed to the life) being apparently viſible to all, in vaine ſhould I imploy a ſpeaker, where I preſuppoſe all his words would be drown’d in noyſe and laughter, I therefore paſſe to the fourth and laſt

Which is a curious and neately framed Architect, beau ified with many proper and becomming Ornaments: bea ring the Title of The Bower of Bliſſe. An Embleame of that future Happineſſe, which not onley all iuſt and vpright Magiſtrates, but euery good man, of what condition or quality ſoeuer in the courſe of his life, eſpecially aimeth at: I dwell not on the deſcription thereof, I will onely illuſtrate the purpoſe for the which it was intended: This Pageant is adorned with foure perſons, which repreſent the foure Cardinall vertues, which are behoouefull vnto all who enter into any eminent place or Office. Prudence, Temperance Iuſtice, and Fortitude, which are ſo concatinated amongſt themſelues that the one cannot ſubſiſt without the other.

The firſt Prudence, Reformeth Abuſes paſt, ordreth affaires preſent, and fore-ſeeth dangers future: Further (as Cicero obſerues) Iuſtice without Prudence is reſolu’d into Cruelty, Temperance into Fury, Fortitude into Tyranny.

Next Temperance, which as Hermes ſayth, is Rich in loſſes: Confident in perills, Prudent in aſſaults, and happy in it ſelfe. As a man cannot be Temporate vnleſſe he be Prudent, ſo none can be truely valiant vnleſſe he be Tempe. rate, neyther can Iuſtice exiſt without Temperance- ſince no man can be truely iuſt, who hath not his breſt free from all purturbations.

Then Iustice (which according to Cicero) is the badge of Vertue, the ſtaffe of Peace, the maintenance of Honour. Moreouer, Iustice and Order are the preſeruers

of Londons Emporia,

of the Worlds peace, the iuſt Magiſtrate is in his word Faithfull, in his thought ſincere, in his heart Vpright, without feare of any but God and his Prince, without hate of any but the wicked and irregular.

Laſt Fortitude, which (as Epictetus obſerues) is the companion of Iustice, and neuer contendeth but in RrRighteous Actions, it contemneth Perill, deſpiſeth Calamities, and conquers Death, briefely Fortitude without Prudence is but Raſhnes, Prudence without Iuſtice is but Craftines, Iuſtſtice without Temperance but Tyrany, Temperance without Fortitude but Folly.

Amongſt the reſt of the Perſons placed in this ſtructure, are the three Theologicall Vertues, Faith, Hope, and Charity, as hand-maides attending to conduct all ſuch pious and religious Magiſtrates, the way to the cæleſtiall Bower of Bliſſe, (of which this is but a meere repreſentation and ſigne) who ayme at that Glorious Place, leaſt they anyway deuiate from the true path that leadeth vnto it. I proceede to the Speech.

GRaue Prætor, with your Cenſors, (Sheriffes elected, And now in place) it is from you expected, That hauing your Authority from Kings, (And many hundred yeares ſince) all ſuch things As Cuſtome (by Time ſtrengthned) hath made good, You ſhould maintaine, withall your liuelyhood, Which that you will performe, we doubt the leſſe. When we conſider who’s your patroneſſe, The Holy and bleſt Virgin, (further) this Fabricke before you plac’t, The Bower of bliſſe. If we to greater, leſſe things may compare Theſe preſent, but the petty Symbols are Of Or Mercatura. Of what is future; for bare Prudence here Pent and confin’d in humane knowledge, there Shall be reduc’t to Wifedome that’s Diuine. Temperance (which is bare Abſtinence) ſhall ſhine In clarity immaculate: Iuſtice, which Oft ſwayes the Ballance ſo, that to the Rich It moſt inclines, ſhall by an equall Scale, (Leaning nor this, nor that way) ſo preuaile, That Right in glorious Star-wreaths ſhalbe crown’d, And Iniury in tenebrous Lethe drownd. Braue Fortitude which chiefely doth ſubſiſt In oppoſition of the Antigoniſt, (Whether that hee the Bodies mortall ſtate Seeke to ſupplant, or Soule inſidiate) Shall ſtand impugnable, and thenceforth be Fin’d and repur’d to all Eternity: When you arriue at yon Cæleſtiall Tower, Which aptly may be titled Freemans Bower. The way to finde which, through theſe vertues lies Call’d Cardinall: The ſtepps by which to riſe, Theſe Graces ſhewe, Faith, Hope, and Loue attend you: Who on their vnſeene wings ſhall ſoone aſcend you. Theſe (when all Earths pompe failes) your prayers ſhall bring Where Saints and Angels Haleluiahs ſing.

I cannot without iuſt taxation of ingratitude, omit to ſpeake ſomething of this Worſhipfull company of the Cloath-Workers, at whoſe ſole charge the Tryumphs of this day were celebrated, for the Master the Wardens and the Committi, choſen to ſee all things accomodated for this buſines then in motion, I cannot but much commend both for their affabillity and courteſie, eſpecially vnto my ſelfe being at that time to them all a meere ſtranger, who when I read my (then vnperfect) Papers, were as able to iudge of

C them, Londons Emporia,

them, as attentiuely to heare them, and rather iudicially conſidering all things, then nicely carping at any thing, as willing to haue them furthered for his honour, to whom they are dedicate, as carefull to ſee them performed to their owne reputation and credit, in both which, there was wanting in them neyther incouragement nor bounty: and as they were vnwilling in any vaine glory to ſhew new preſidents to ſuch that ſhould ſucceede them, ſo they were loath out of parſimony to come ſhort of any who went before them, leſſe I could not ſpeake in modeſty, and more I forebeare to vtter leaſt I might incurre the imputation of flattery, I come now to the twelue celeſtiall Signes, which may aptly be applied vnto the twelue Moneths during the Lord Mayors gouernment.

SLeepe may you ſoundly Sir, tomorrow prest To a yeares trouble for this one nights rest, In which may Starres and Planits all conſpire, To warme you ſo by their celeſtiall Fire Aries whoſe Gold-Fleece Greece doth ſo renowne May both inrich you and this Glorious Towne That Taurus in your ſtrength may ſo appeare, You this great wieght may on your Shoulders beare: That the two Twins the Mothers bleſt increaſe, May in this Citty ſtill continue peace. That Cancer who incites to hate and ſpleene May not in your faire Gouernment be ſeene That Leo waiting on your iudgement ſeate May moderate his rage and ſcorching heate, That the Celeſtiall Maide may you aduice Virgins and Orphans ſtill to patroniZze And rather then your iuſtice heere ſhould faile, Libra no more be ſeene with Golden ſcale And Or Mercatura. And that the Scorpions ſting may be ſo charm’d That poore may not be wrong’d, nor innocent harm’d, That Chirons bent bow ſo may guide your will, You may still aime, but neuer ſhoot to kill: And Capricorne though all things ſaid to dare Though he haue power, yet may haue will to ſpare That as Aquarius doth his water power You may your goodnes on this Citty ſhower, Piſces, the laſt of Twelue, the Feete they guide, From Head to Foot, O may you ſo prouide.

I conclude with the excellent Artiſt Mr.Gerald Chriſmas, whoſe worth being not to be queſtioned (as a prime Maſter in his profeſſion,) I am of opinion that there is not any a bout the towne who can goe beyond him, of whom I may boldy ſpeake, that as Art is an helpe to nature, ſo his experience is, and hath beene an extention to the tryall and perfection of Art, therefore let euery man in his way ſtriue to be eminent, according to that of Ouid. 2 De pont.

Artibus ingenuis quæſita eſt gloria multis.

FINIS.
Participants Lucas Simpson Lucas Simpson LS

Research Assistant, 2018-2021. Lucas Simpson was a student at the University of Victoria.

 Chris Horne Chris Horne CH

Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Chris Horne was an honours student in the Department of English at the University of Victoria. His primary research interests included American modernism, affect studies, cultural studies, and digital humanities.

 Kate LeBere Kate LeBere KL

Project Manager, 2020-2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019-2020. Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. She published papers in The Corvette (2018), The Albatross (2019), and PLVS VLTRA (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. During her time at MoEML, Kate made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s Survey of London, old-spelling anthology of mayoral shows, and old-spelling library texts. She authored the MoEML’s first Project Management Manual and "quickstart" guidelines for new employees and helped standardize the Personography and Bibliography. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.

 Tracey El Hajj Tracey El Hajj TEH

Junior Programmer 2018-2020. Research Associate 2020-2021. Tracey received her PhD from the Department of English at the University of Victoria in the field of Science and Technology Studies. Her research focuses on the algorhythmics of networked communications. She was a 2019-20 President’s Fellow in Research-Enriched Teaching at UVic, where she taught an advanced course on Artificial Intelligence and Everyday Life. Tracey was also a member of the Linked Early Modern Drama Online team, between 2019 and 2021. Between 2020 and 2021, she was a fellow in residence at the Praxis Studio for Comparative Media Studies, where she investigated the relationships between artificial intelligence, creativity, health, and justice. As of July 2021, Tracey has moved into the alt-ac world for a term position, while also teaching in the English Department at the University of Victoria.

 Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Chase Templet Chase Templet CT

Research Assistant, 2017-2019. Chase Templet was a graduate student at the University of Victoria in the Medieval and Early Modern Studies (MEMS) stream. He was specifically focused on early modern repertory studies and non-Shakespearean early modern drama, particularly the works of Thomas Middleton.

 Tye Landels-Gruenewald Tye Landels-Gruenewald TLG

Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.

 Quinn MacDonald Quinn MacDonald QM

Research Assistant, 2013. Quinn MacDonald was a fourth-year honours English student at the University of Victoria. Her areas of interest included postcolonial theory and texts, urban agriculture, journalism that isn’t lazy, fine writing, and roller derby. She was the director of community relations for The Warren Undergraduate Review and senior editor of Concrete Garden magazine.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Mark Kaethler Mark Kaethler MK

Mark Kaethler is Department Chair, Arts, at Medicine Hat College; Assistant Director, Mayoral Shows, with MoEML; and Assistant Director for LEMDO. They are the author of Thomas Middleton and the Plural Politics of Jacobean Drama (De Gruyter, 2021) and a co-editor with Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Janelle Jenstad of Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media: Old Words, New Tools (Routledge, 2018). Their work has appeared in The London Journal, Early Theatre, Literature Compass, Digital Studies/Le Champe Numérique, and Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, as well as in several edited collections. Mark’s research interests include digital media and humanities; textual editing; game studies; and early modern drama.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 James IV of Scotland James IV King of Scotland

King of Scotland 1488-1513.

ODNB Wikipedia Neptune Neptune

God of the sea in Roman mythology.

EB EM Thames Thames Thamesis

Personification of the Thames. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Justice Justice

Personification of lawfulness and fairness. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and Richard Johnson’s Nine Worthies of London.

 Mercury Mercury

God of merchandise and merchants in Roman mythology. Equated with Hermes in Greek mythology.

EB EM Thomas Heywood Thomas Heywood

Playwright and poet.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Sir Rowland Heyward Sir Rowland Heyward Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1563-1564. Mayor 1570-1571 and 1590-1591. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Husband of Katherine Heyward. Father of George Heyward, John Heyward, Alice Heyward, Katharine Heyward, Mary Heyward, and Anne Heyward.

MASL ODNB Wikipedia Honour Honour

Personification of honour. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and Richard Johnson’s Nine Worthies of London and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 Love Love

Personification of love. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Nicholas Okes Nicholas Okes

Printer. Member of the Stationers’ Company. Business partner of John Norton. Father of John Okes.

BBTI Wikipedia Time Time

Personification of time. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 Aristotle Aristotle

Greek philosopher.

EB Wikipedia Charity Charity

Personification of charity. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 Gerard Christmas Gerard Christmas

Carver and sculptor. Artificer of mayoral shows.

ODNB Wikipedia Faith Faith

Personification of faith. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Fortitude Fortitude

Personification of fortitude. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Hope Hope

Personification of hope. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Jupiter Jupiter Jove

God of the sky in Roman mythology. Father of Venus.

EM Wikipedia Sir Edward Osborne Sir Edward Osborne Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1575-1576. Mayor 1583-1584. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Husband of Dame Margaret Osborne. Buried at St. Dionis Backchurch.

MASL ODNB Wikipedia Shepherd Shepherd

Stock shepherd character. Appears in mayoral shows.

 Sir William Hewett Sir William Hewett Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1553-1554. Mayor 1559-1560. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Buried at St. Martin Orgar.

MASL ODNB Plato Plato

Greek philosopher. Founder of the first institution of higher learning in the western world.

EB Wikipedia Sir Thomas Skinner Sir Thomas Skinner Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1587-1588. Mayor 1596-1597. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Father of John Skinner, Thomas Skinner, Richard Skinner, Aunc Skinner, Julian Skinner, and Elizabeth Skinner. Buried at St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street.

MASL Wikipedia Cicero Cicero

Roman philosopher, politician, and lawyer.

EB Wikipedia Sir James Hawes Sir James Hawes Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1565-1566. Mayor 1574-1575. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Buried at St. Mary, Abchurch.

MASL Sir Nicholas Mosley Sir Nicholas Mosley Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1590-1591. Mayor 1599-1600. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Knighted in 1612.

BHO MASL Wikipedia Sir John Spencer Sir John Spencer Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1583-1584. Mayor 1594-1595. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company. Husband of Alice Spencer. Father of Elizabeth Compton. Knighted between 27 May 1595 and 16 June 1595.

MASL ODNB Wikpedia Sir John Watts Sir John Watts Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1596-1597. Mayor 1606-1607. Member of the Clothworkers’ Company.

MASL Socrates Socrates

Greek philosopher. Known as a founder of Western philosophy.

Wikipedia Seneca Seneca

Roman Stoic philosopher, statesman, and dramatist.

Wikipedia Hermes Hermes

God of trade, heraldry, merchants, commerce, roads, thieves, trickery, sports, travelers, and athletes in Greek mythology. Son of Maia. Equated with Mercury in Roman mythology.

EM Wikipedia Maia Maia

Mother of Hermes in Greek mythology.

Wikipedia Plutarch Plutarch

Greek biographer and essayist.

Wikipedia Horace Horace

Roman lyric poet.

Wikipedia Iris Iris

Goddess of the rainbow and messenger of the gods in Greek mythology.

Wikipedia Prudence Prudence

Personification of prudence. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows and John Stow’s Survey of London.

 Temperance Temperance

Personification of temperance. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Epictetus Epictetus

Greek Stoic philosopher.

Wikipedia Ralph Freeman Ralph Freeman Sheriff Mayor

Sheriff of London 1623-1624. Mayor 1633-1634. Member of the Clotherworkers’ Company. Died in office.

MASL Wikipedia Order Order

Personification of order. Appears as an allegorical character in mayoral shows.

 Worshipful Company of ClothworkersClothworkers’ Company

The Clothworkers’ Company was one of the twelve great companies of London, formed in 1528 out of the merger of the Fullers and the Shearmen. The Clothworkers were twelfth in the order of precedence. The Worshipful Company of Clothworkers is still active and maintains a website at https://www.clothworkers.co.uk/ that includes a history of the company.

The coat of arms of the Clothworkers’ Company, from Stow (1633). [Full size image]