Botolph’s Wharf Author Jordan Ivie Guest Editor Amy Tigner Editor Kim McLean-Fiander Vetter Kim McLean-Fiander Encoder Joey Takeda Data Manager Tye Landels Junior Programmer Joey Takeda Programmer Martin Holmes Associate Project Director Kim McLean-Fiander Project Director Janelle Jenstad The Map of Early Modern Londonhttp://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xmlVictoria, BC, Canada
Department of English P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC University of Victoria Victoria, BC Canada V8W 3W1
2016University of Victoria978-1-55058-519-3

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 Provider: University of Victoria Database: The Map of Early Modern London Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8" TY - ELEC A1 - Ivie, Jordan ED - Jenstad, Janelle T1 - Botolph’s Wharf T2 - The Map of Early Modern London ET - 7.0 PY - 2022 DA - 2022/05/05 CY - Victoria PB - University of Victoria LA - English UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/BOTO2.htm UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/BOTO2.xml ER - Ivie, Jordan. Botolph’s Wharf. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0, edited by Janelle Jenstad, U of Victoria, 05 May 2022, mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/BOTO2.htm. Ivie, Jordan. Botolph’s Wharf. The Map of Early Modern London, Edition 7.0. Ed. Janelle Jenstad. Victoria: University of Victoria. Accessed May 05, 2022. mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/BOTO2.htm. Ivie, J. 2022. Botolph’s Wharf. In J. Jenstad (Ed), The Map of Early Modern London (Edition 7.0). Victoria: University of Victoria. Retrieved from https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/BOTO2.htm. Born digital. Harben, Henry A. A Dictionary of London. London: Herbert Jenkins, 1918. [Available digitally from British History Online: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london.] Howell, James. Londinopolis, an historicall discourse or perlustration of the city of London, the imperial chamber, and chief emporium of Great Britain whereunto is added another of the city of Westminster, with the courts of justice, antiquities, and new buildings thereunto belonging. London, 1657. Wing H3090. London Archaeological Archive and Research Centre. MoLA. https://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/collections/other-collection-databases-and-libraries/museum-london-archaeological-archive. Loftie, William John. London. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1887. Remediated by Hathi Trust. Hitchcock, Tim, Robert Shoemaker, Clive Emsley, Sharon Howard, and Jamie McLaughlin. The Proceedings of the Old Bailey, 1674-1913. https://www.oldbaileyonline.org. [We link to the direct page by date in the parenthetical citation.] Pepys, Samuel. Diary of Samuel Pepys. Remediated by Project Gutenberg. Schofield, John, and Jacqueline Pearce. Thomas Soane’s Buildings near Billingsgate, London, 1640–66. Post-Medieval Archaeology 43.2 (2009): 282–341. Vertue, George. A Plan of the Ground and Buildings in the Strand, Called the Savoy, Taken in the Year 1736. Vetusta Monumenta: quae ad Rerum Britannicarum. By Society of Antiquaries of London. Vol. 2. London: Society of Antiquaries of London, 1754. Plate 14. [See more information about this map.] Stow, John. A Survey of London. Reprinted from the Text of 1603. Ed. Charles Lethbridge Kingsford. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1908. See also the digital transcription of this edition at British History Online. Billingsgate Ward

Billingsgate Ward is west of Tower Street Ward. The ward is named after Billingsgate, a water-gate and harbour on the Thames.

(BILL2.xml) The Thames Information is not yet available. (THAM2.xml) London Bridge

As the only bridge in London crossing the Thames until 1729, London Bridge was a focal point of the city. After its conversion from wood to stone, completed in 1209, the bridge housed a variety of structures, including a chapel and a growing number of shops. The bridge was famous for the cityʼs grisly practice of displaying traitorsʼ heads on poles above its gatehouses. Despite burning down multiple times, London Bridge was one of the few structures not entirely destroyed by the Great Fire of London in 1666.

(LOND1.xml) Bridge Within Ward

Bridge Within Ward is west of Billingsgate Ward. The ward is named after London Bridge.

(BRID3.xml) Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey was and continues to be a historically significant church. One of its many notable features is "Poets’ Corner". Located in the south transept of the church, it is the final resting place of Geoffrey Chaucer, Ben Jonson, Francis Beaumont, and many other notable authors; in 1740, a monument for William Shakespeare was erected in Westminster Abbey (ShaLT). The church is located on the bottom-left corner of the Agas map.

(WEST1.xml) Bridge House

The Bridge House was located on the south bank of the Thames, near St. Olave, Southwark and is labelled on the Agas map (Noorthouck). Stow describes the Bridge House as a storehouse for the materials used to build and repair London Bridge (Stow 1598, sig. Z3v). Edward Walford notes that the Bridge House also stored provisions for the navy and the public (Walford). The Bridge House was used as a banqueting hall on special occasions, including when the Lord Mayor came to visit Southwark (Walford).

(BRID5.xml) St. Olave (Southwark)

St. Olave (Southwark) was a church dedicated to St. Olaf in Southwark on the bank of the Thames. It is marked on the Agas map with the label S. Tovolles.

(STOL1.xml) London

The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (London).

(LOND5.xml) Billingsgate

Billingsgate (Bylynges gate or Belins Gate), a water-gate and harbour located on the north side of the Thames between London Bridge and the Tower of London, was London’s principal dock in Shakespeare’s day. Its age and the origin of its name are uncertain. It was probably built ca. 1000 in response to the rebuilding of London Bridge in the tenth or eleventh century.

(BILL1.xml) St. Botolph (Billingsgate)

St. Botolph’s Billingsgate Church was located on the southwest corner of the intersection of Botolph Lane and Thames Street in Billingsgate Ward. It is not labelled on the Agas map. It was one of the four London churches named after the seventh-century Anglo-Saxon monk, St. Botolph, who was the abbot of Iken, Suffolk. Over fifty churches in England were named after Botolph. According to Stow, the church of St. Botolph’s once contained many beautiful monuments, but, even by his time, the monuments were gone, destroyed, or defaced (Stow 1598, sig. M1v).

(STBO4.xml) Botolph Lane Information is not yet available. (BOTO1.xml) Three Cranes Wharf Information is not yet available. (THRE3.xml) Authorized locations where ships could load and off-load merchandise. (TL)

St. Botolph’s Wharf was located in Billingsgate Ward on the north bank of the Thames. Named after Botolph, the abbot of Iken, St. Botolph’s Wharf was a bustling site of commerce and trade.

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The Julian calendar with the calendar year regularized to beginning on 1 January.

The Julian calendar with the calendar year beginning on 25 March. This was the calendar used in the British Empire until September 1752.

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Author A person or organization chiefly responsible for the intellectual or artistic content of a work, usually printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such responsibility. MoEML uses the term author to designate a contributor who is wholly or partly responsible for the original content of either a born-digital document, such as an encyclopedia entry, or a primary source document, such as a MoEML Library text. Data manager A person or organization responsible for managing databases or other data sources. MoEML uses the term data manager to designate contributors who maintain and manage our databases. They add and update the data sent to us by external contributors or found by MoEML team members. They also monitor journals and sources regularly to ensure that our databases are current. Editor A person or organization who prepares for publication a work not primarily their own, such as by elucidating text, adding introductory or other critical matter, or technically directing an editorial staff. MoEML uses the term editor to designate a person who creates a modern edition of a work based on one of our encoded diplomatic transcriptions of a primary source. We use the term commentator to designate a person who adds editorial or explanatory notes to one of our diplomatic transcriptions. Markup editor A person or organization performing the coding of SGML, HTML, or XML markup of metadata, text, etc. MoEML uses the code mrk both for the primary encoder(s) and for the person who edits the encoding. MoEML’s normal workflow includes a step whereby encoders check each other’s work. We use the term encoder to designate the principal encoder, and markup editor to designate the person who checks the encoding. Project director A person or organization with primary responsibility for all essential aspects of a project, or that manages a very large project that demands senior level responsibility, or that has overall responsibility for managing projects, or provides overall direction to a project manager. MoEML’s Project Director directs the intellectual and scholarly aspects of the project, consults with the Advisory and Editorial Boards, and ensures the ongoing funding of the project. Programmer A person or organization responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation. MoEML uses the term programmer to designate a person or organization responsible for the creation and/or maintenance of computer program design documents, source code, and machine-executable digital files and supporting documentation. Research team head A person who directed or managed a research project. MoEML uses the terms research term head and assistant project manager interchangeably. Vetter MoEML uses the term vetter to designate an academic or expert reviewer who reads and judges the publishability of scholarly material before it is published by MoEML. Guest editor MoEML uses the term Guest Editor in two ways: (1) an instructor who participates in our Pedagogical Partnership and edits content generated by their students; and (2) a contributor who solicits, coordinates, and edits a number of entries written by other contributors. Removed old geo coordinates now superceded by GeoJSON. This document status hadn’t been changed to published. The main div was hidden. Both are now correct. Changed calendar value from "julian" to "julianSic" using XSLT. Copy-edited file. Added <sourceDesc> information for born-digital documents. Proof-read document. Assigned to Pedagogical Partner in UTXA1. Standardized <respStmt>s for JENS1, MCFI1, and HOLM3 and added TAKE1 as Junior Programmer. Added XInclude for <listPrefixDef> in the header. Fixed erroneous @status attribute on <revisionDesc>, changing it from "stub" to "empty". Added global publicationStmt through XInclude. Eliminated superfluous catRef elements from the header. Added <catRef> elements based on the <place>/@type values in the document. Put <change> elements inside <revisionDesc> into the correct (latest first) order. Added <profileDesc> containing document type information expressed in <catRef> elements. Converted @rend to @style, through XSLT transformation. Added <front> element with <docTitle> as part of a normalization process. This will be used as the definitive page title on rendering. Various updates and fixes made through XSLT, to standardize and normalize encoding practices. Botolph’s Wharf
Botolph’s Wharf

St. Botolph’s Wharf was located on the north bank of the River Thames in Billingsgate Ward, directly east of London Bridge.On the Agas Map, the polygon for Botolph’s Wharf is just outside and to the west of Billingsgate Ward, placing it in Bridge Within Ward. However, all evidence suggests that Botolph’s Wharf was in Billingsgate Ward. MoEML is aware that the ward boundaries are incorrect for a number of wards. We are working on redrawing the boundaries. On the Agas map, the label Buttolphe W. runs north to south amid the waves of the river. According to Stow, the wharf was first known as St. Botolph’s Gate and was sometime giuen, or confirmed by William Conqueror, to the Monkes of Westminster in 1067 (Stow 1:42-43, 1:206-207).

Botolph’s Wharf’s origins as a wharf may be traced as far back as the twelfth century, when a tongue of land was extended into the river (LAARC Site Record BIG82). The first London Bridge, completed by the Romans, likely extended between Botolph’s Wharf on the north of the Thames and Bridge House near St. Olave’s Church on the south (Loftie 86). This location at the head of the only bridge over the Thames would have made Botolph’s Wharf a critical location of commerce and travel in medieval London. By early modern times, the original Roman bridge had been replaced by one completed in 1207 that was located further to the west, but Botolph’s Wharf was still an integral part of the city (Loftie 86). The wharf was one of the official legal quays of the Port of London, so named by an Act of Parliament in 1559, and its location in Billingsgate, a bustling center of commerce, secured its position as a hub of trade. In his 1657 account of London’s important sites, James Howell described Billingsgate as a large Water-gate, Port, or Harbor for Ships and Boats, commonly arriving there with Fiſh, both freſh and ſalt, Shell-fiſhes, Salt, Oranges, Onions, and other Fruits and Roots, Wheat, Rie, and Grain of divers ſorts, for ſervice of the City, and the parts of this Realm adjoining (Howell sig. M3r).

Botolph’s Wharf was named after Botolph, the seventh-century abbot of Iken, Suffolk, who was renowned for his learning and virtue. One of the four London churches named after this Anglo-Saxon monk, St. Botolph, Billingsgate, was located on Botolph Lane near Botolph’s Wharf. It cannot be said for certain which site was first given the name of the saint, the church or the wharf, but it is logical to assume that the place of worship would have first been named after the religious figure and later spread its influence to the surrounding area (Harben). Though the wharf was for a time in the hands of the monks of Westminster, ownership had passed back to the City of London by the late sixteenth-century. From 1577 to 1622, the City leased Botolph’s Wharf to the Muscovy Company, an English trading group that specialized in trade with Russia. A condition of the lease was that no foreigners or strangers were to live on the wharf.For more information about early modern attitudes towards "strangers", see London Aliens. In 1622, the lease was transferred to Thomas Soane, a grocer, and in 1652 a new lease for sixty-one years was acquired by Soane’s widow Elizabeth (Schofield and Pearce 285). The wharf continued to be a center of commerce and trade long after the Great Fire of 1666.

The frequency of trade and the abundance of goods at Botolph’s Wharf made it, like most London wharves, susceptible to theft. One notable example occurred in 1724, when a man named Robert Hambleton was accused of stealing a barrel of raisins weighing 107 pounds. When Hambleton was caught carrying the cumbersome prize, he pleaded drunkenness, claiming he accidentally kicked the barrel in his intoxicated stupor and simply picked it up to get it out of the way. Unsurprisingly, the jury found him guilty of grand larceny (<ref target="#OLDB3" type="bibl">Old Bailey Online</ref>, 1724-02). Later, in 1743, one James Musket was caught stealing from the wharf eighteen pounds of sugar, all of which he attempted to smuggle away in his Apron, and in the Inside of his Cloaths, in his Bosom, besides what he had got in his Apron and Handkerchief (<ref type="bibl" target="#OLDB3">Old Bailey Online</ref>, 1743-04).

Samuel Pepys briefly mentions Botolph’s Wharf in his diary entry for September 2nd, 1666, the first day of the Great Fire of London. Pepys notes that [g]ood hopes there was of [the fire] stopping at the Three Cranes above, and at Bottolph’s Wharf below bridge, if care be used (Pepys 1666-09-02). Botolph’s Wharf appears to have survived the Great Fire as it is listed on Vertue’s 1723 reconstruction of post-fire London (Vertue); however, like many early modern wharves, Botolph’s Wharf does not exist in contemporary London.

Participants Joey Takeda Joey Takeda JT

Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.

 Katie Tanigawa Katie Tanigawa KT

Project Manager, 2015-2019. Katie Tanigawa was a doctoral candidate at the University of Victoria. Her dissertation focused on representations of poverty in Irish modernist literature. Her additional research interests included geospatial analyses of modernist texts and digital humanities approaches to teaching and analyzing literature.

 Tye Landels-Gruenewald Tye Landels-Gruenewald TLG

Data Manager, 2015-2016. Research Assistant, 2013-2015. Tye completed his undergraduate honours degree in English at the University of Victoria in 2015.

 Kim McLean-Fiander Kim McLean-Fiander KMF

Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to The Map of Early Modern London from the Cultures of Knowledge digital humanities project at the University of Oxford, where she was the editor of Early Modern Letters Online, an open-access union catalogue and editorial interface for correspondence from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. She is currently Co-Director of a sister project to EMLO called Women’s Early Modern Letters Online (WEMLO). In the past, she held an internship with the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library, completed a doctorate at Oxford on paratext and early modern women writers, and worked a number of years for the Bodleian Libraries and as a freelance editor. She has a passion for rare books and manuscripts as social and material artifacts, and is interested in the development of digital resources that will improve access to these materials while ensuring their ongoing preservation and conservation. An avid traveler, Kim has always loved both London and maps, and so is particularly delighted to be able to bring her early modern scholarly expertise to bear on the MoEML project.

 Janelle Jenstad Janelle Jenstad JJ

Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of The Map of Early Modern London, and PI of Linked Early Modern Drama Online. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media (Routledge). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s A Survey of London (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing The Merchant of Venice (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s 2 If You Know Not Me You Know Nobody for DRE. Her articles have appeared in Digital Humanities Quarterly, Renaissance and Reformation,Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies, Early Modern Literary Studies, Elizabethan Theatre, Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance Criticism, and The Silver Society Journal. Her book chapters have appeared (or will appear) in Institutional Culture in Early Modern Society (Brill, 2004), Shakespeare, Language and the Stage, The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre Studies (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), Approaches to Teaching Othello (Modern Language Association, 2005), Performing Maternity in Early Modern England (Ashgate, 2007), New Directions in the Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place (Routledge, 2011), Early Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), Teaching Early Modern English Literature from the Archives (MLA, 2015), Placing Names: Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers (Indiana, 2016), Making Things and Drawing Boundaries (Minnesota, 2017), and Rethinking Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies (Routledge, 2018).

 Martin D. Holmes Martin D. Holmes MDH

Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.

 Amy Tigner Amy Tigner

Amy Tigner is a MoEML Pedagogical Partner. She is Associate Professor of English at the University of Texas, Arlington, and the Editor-in-Chief of Early Modern Studies Journal. She is the author of Literature and the Renaissance Garden from Elizabeth I to Charles II: England’s Paradise (Ashgate, 2012) and has published in ELR, Modern Drama, Milton Quarterly, Drama Criticism, Gastronomica and Early Theatre. Currently, she is working on two book projects: co-editing, with David Goldstein, Culinary Shakespeare, and co-authoring, with Allison Carruth, Literature and Food Studies.

Amy Tigner’s UTA profile Jordan Ivie Jordan Ivie JI

Student contributor enrolled in English 5308: Shakespeare and Early Modern Urban/Rural Nature at the University of Texas, Arlington in Fall 2014, working under the guest editorship of Amy Tigner.

 St. Botolph Saint Botolph

Patron saint of travellers and farming.

Wikipedia Samuel Pepys Samuel Pepys

Naval officer and diarist. Husband of Elizabeth Pepys.

EB ODNB Wikipedia Sir Thomas Soame Sir Thomas Soame

Member of the Grocersʼ Company. Husband of Elizabeth Soame. Knighted on 3 December 1641.

 Elizabeth Soame Elizabeth Soame

Wife of Thomas Soame.

 John Stow John Stow

Historian and author of A Survey of London. Husband of Elizabeth Stow.

MoEML ODNB Wikipedia William I William I King of England the Conqueror

King of England 1066-1087. Buried at Westminster Abbey.

EB ODNB Wikipedia James Howell James Howell

Welsh historian and writer.

ODNB Wikipedia Corporation of London

The Corporation of London was the municipal government of London, made up of the Mayor of London, the Court of Aldermen, and the Court of Common Council. It exists today in largely the same form.

 Muscovy Company

The Muscovy Company was a company of English merchants created for trade with Russia.