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TY - ELEC
A1 - Stow, John
A1 - fitz-Stephen, William
ED - Jenstad, Janelle
T1 - Survey of London (1598): Lime Street Ward
T2 - The Map of Early Modern London
ET - 7.0
PY - 2022
DA - 2022/05/05
CY - Victoria
PB - University of Victoria
LA - English
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/stow_1598_LIME1.htm
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/stow_1598_LIME1.xml
ER -
Lime Street Ward chapter of
Project Manager, 2022-present. Research Assistant, 2020-2022. Molly Rothwell was an undergraduate student at the University of Victoria, with a double major in English and History. During her time at MoEML, Molly primarily worked on encoding and transcribing the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s
Research Assistant, 2018-2021. Lucas Simpson was a student at the University of Victoria.
Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Chris Horne was an honours student in the Department of English at the University of Victoria. His primary research interests included American modernism, affect studies, cultural studies, and digital humanities.
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Programmer, 2018-present. Junior Programmer, 2015-2017. Research Assistant, 2014-2017. Joey Takeda was a graduate student at the University of British Columbia in the Department of English (Science and Technology research stream). He completed his BA honours in English (with a minor in Women’s Studies) at the University of Victoria in 2016. His primary research interests included diasporic and indigenous Canadian and American literature, critical theory, cultural studies, and the digital humanities.
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Research Assistant, 2013-2014. Meredith hailed from Edmonton where she completed a BA in English at Concordia University College of Alberta. She did an MA in Medieval and Early Modern Studies at the University of Victoria. In her spare time, Meredith played classical piano and trombone, scrapbooked, and painted porcelain. A lesser known fact about Meredith: back at home, she had her own kiln in her basement!
Research Assistant, 2012-2014. Nathan Phillips completed his MA at the University of Victoria specializing in medieval and early modern studies in April 2014. His research focused on seventeenth-century non-dramatic literature, intellectual history, and the intersection of religion and politics. Additionally, Nathan was interested in textual studies, early-Tudor drama, and the editorial questions one can ask of all sixteenth- and seventeenth-century texts in the twisted mire of 400 years of editorial practice. Nathan is currently a Ph.D. student in the Department of English at Brown University.
Research Assistant, 2012-2014. MoEML Research Affiliate. Sarah Milligan completed her MA at the University of Victoria in 2012 on the invalid persona in Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s
Director of Pedagogy and Outreach, 2015–2020. Associate Project Director, 2015. Assistant Project Director, 2013-2014. MoEML Research Fellow, 2013. Kim McLean-Fiander comes to
Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of
E-text and TCP production manager at the University of Michigan Digital Library Production Service (DLPS), Paul manages the production of full-text transcriptions for EEBO-TCP.
Chief data architect at University of Oxford IT Services, Sebastian was well known for his contributions to the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), OxGarage, and the Text Creation Partnership (TCP).
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.
Research Assitant, 2020-present. Student contributor enrolled in
Sheriff of London
Resident of the Green Gate.
Merchant and chronicler. Author of
Founder of the
Knight of the Garter. Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle. Tutor
of
Knight of the Garter. Brother of
Seventh Earl of Hereford. Sixth Earl of Essex. Second Earl of Northhampton. Father of
Priest of St. Augustine Papey. Not to be confused with
Sheriff of London
Owner of the Green Gate.
Rebel leader.
Sheriff of London
Sheriff of London
Owner of London Stone.
Owner of the Green Gate.
King of England
King of England
King of England and Ireland
King of England
King of England
Sheriff of London
Biographer and clerk.
Fourth Earl of Arundel and Ninth Earl of Surrey. Executed for treason. Buried at Austin Friars.
Sheriff of London
Member of Parliament.
Sheriff of London
Member of the
Sheriff of London
King of England and Ireland
King of England
King of England and Lord of Ireland
King of England
Sheriff of London
Priest of St. Augustine Papey.
Sheriff of London
Member of the
Member of the
Alderman.
Lombard connected with the Green Gate.
MoEML has not yet added biographical content for this person. The editors welcome research leads from qualified individuals. Please contact us for further information.
Sheriff of London
French secretary of
Soldier and courtier. Grandson to
Husband of
Wife of
Wife of
Husband of
Sheriff of London
Sheriff of London
Priest. Warden of a fraternity at St. Augustine Papey.
Sheriff of London
King of England
Husband of
Wife of
Founder of the
Owner of St. Andrew Undershaft.
Founder of the
Owner of a dwelling house in Lime Street.
Historian and author of
Baker.
Earl of Oxford, magnate and soldier.
Sheriff of London
Member of the
Sheriff of London
Printer.
Son of
Father of
Bookseller and printer. Husband of
Sheriff of London
Sheriff of London
Sheriff of London
Sheriff of London
Sheriff of London
Sheriff of London
Son of
Son of
Apothecary.
Alderman.
Poet. Author of
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
. Website.
We’d also like to acknowledge students who contributed to MoEML’s intranet
predecessor at the University of Windsor between
These are all MoEML team members since 1999 to present. To see the current members and structure of our team, see
The
Lime Street Ward is west of Aldgate Ward. The ward is named after its principle street, Lime Street, which takes its name from the making or ſelling of Lime there
, according to
Lime Street is a street that ran north-south from Leadenhall Street in the north to Fenchurch Street in the south. It was west of St. Andrew Undershaft and east of Leadenhall. It appears that the street was so named because people made or sold Lime there (Stow). This claim has some historical merit; in the 1150s one Ailnoth the limeburner lived in the area (Harben; BHO).
Aldgate Ward is located within the London Wall and east of Lime Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Aldgate Street, are named after Aldgate, the eastern gate into the walled city (Stow 1633, sig. N6v).
Langbourn Ward is west of Aldgate Ward. According to a long borne of ſweete water
which once broke out of the ground in Fenchurch Street, a street running through the middle of Langbourn Ward (Stow 1603). The long borne of ſweete water
no longer existed at the time of
Cornhill was a significant thoroughfare and was part of the cityʼs main major east-west thoroughfare that divided the northern half of London from the southern half. The part of this thoroughfare named Cornhill extended from St. Andrew Undershaft to the three-way intersection of Threadneedle, Poultry, and Cornhill where the Royal Exchange was built. The name Cornhill
preserves a memory both of the cornmarket that took place in this street, and of the topography of the site upon
which the Roman city of Londinium was built.
Note: Cornhill and Cornhill Ward are nearly synonymous in terms of location and nomenclature - thus, it can be a challenge to tell one from the other. Topographical decisions have been made to the best of our knowledge and ability.
St. Mary Axe ran north-south from the church of St. Augustine Papey to Leadenhall
Street.
The Wrestlers was a house in Bishopsgate Ward located on the north side of Camomile Street, near the Wall and Bishopsgate (Stow). The house predates the Wrestlers Court located on the opposite (south) side of Camomile Street.
a mansion house of the
kings
called King’s Artice
on Lime
Street (Stow 1598, sig. I1v). The record grown out of knowledge
(Stow 1598, sig. I1v).
Benbridges Inn was a large house on
the northwest corner of Lime Street.
The Inn appears to be named after Ricardus de Pembrugge, a Knight and owner
of a large piece of land in Lime Street
Ward in 1376 (Harben; BHO). In 1454 the draper Ralph Holland bestowed the large
messuage to the Master and Wardens of the Fraternity of Tailors and Linen
Armourers of St John the Baptist (Harben; BHO). Soon thereafter they set up a fayre large frame of timber
for a large house and built three other tenement buildings adjoining it
(Stow).
The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (
The Green Gate was a house on the south side of Leadenhall Street, east of Leadenhall in Lime Street Ward.
St. Peter upon Cornhill stood at the highest point of the city in the south east of Cornhill Ward. According to a tablet preserved within the church, St. Peter upon Cornhill was founded by not by what authority
(Stow 1:194) the tablet was written.
Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross), pictured but not labelled on the
Agas map, stood on Cheapside Street between Friday Street and Wood
Street. St. Peter, Westcheap lay to its
west, on the north side of Cheapside Street. The
prestigious shops of
Gracechurch Street ran north-south from Cornhill Street near Leadenhall Market to the bridge. At the southern end, it was called
New Fish Street
. North of Cornhill, Gracechurch
continued as Bishopsgate Street, leading through
Bishop’s Gate out of the walled city into the
suburb of Shoreditch.
Lombard Street was known by early modern Londoners as a place of commerce and trade. Running east to west from Gracechurch Street to Poultry, Lombard Street bordered Langbourn Ward, Walbrook Ward, Bridge Within Ward, and Candlewick Street Ward.
PLACE OUTSIDE OF LONDON. While this location exists within the boundaries of modern-day Greater London, it lies outside of the early-modern City of London and is beyond MoEML’s current scope.
The Bridge House was located on the south bank of the Thames, near St. Olave, Southwark and is labelled on the Agas map (Noorthouck).
Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many
Gutter Lane ran north-south from Cheapside to Maiden Lane (Wood Street). It is to the west of Wood Street and to the east of Foster Lane, lying within the north-eastern most area of Farringdon Ward Within and serving as a boundary to Aldersgate ward. It is labelled as Goutter Lane
on the Agas map.
Foster Lane ran north-south between Cheapside in the south and Oat Lane in the north. It crossed Lily Pot Lane, St. Anne’s Lane, Maiden Lane (Wood Street), and Carey Lane. It sat between St. Martin’s Lane to the west and Gutter Lane to the east. Foster Lane is drawn on the Agas Map in the correct position, labelled as Forster Lane
.
Not labelled on the Agas map, the Conduit upon Cornhill is thought to have been located in the middle of Cornhill Ward and opposite the north end of Change Alley and the eastern side of the Royal Exchange
(Harben 167; BHO). Formerly a prison, it was built to bring fresh water from Tyburn to Cornhill.
Shaft Alley was near the
northwest corner of Leadenhall Street and St. Mary Axe Street in
Lime Street Ward. During the eighteenth century, the alley was directly
opposite East India House. laid [on iron hooks] along ouer the doores, and vnder the
Pentises of one rowe of houses, and Alley gate, called of the
shaft
(Stow). As an eyewitness,
The church of St. Mary Axe was a church on the west side of St. Mary Axe
Street in Lime Street Ward. S. Marie the virgine, Saint Vrsula, and the 11000. Virgins
and believed that its common name, St. Mary Axe, derived from a sign near the
church’s east side (Stow). However, a
document written during the
St. Andrew Undershaft stands at the southeast corner of St. Mary Axe Street in Aldgate Ward.The church of St. Andrew Undershaft is the final resting place of
St Augustine Papey was a church on the south side
of the city wall and opposite the north end of
St. Mary Axe Street. The church dated from the
twelfth century and in
All Hallows, London Wall is a church built east of
Bishopsgate, near or on the City Wall. The church is visible on the Agas map
northwest of Broad Street and up against the south
side of the City Wall. The label All Haloues in y Wall
is west of the church. In
his description of Broad Street Ward,
Bread Street Ward is east of Castle Baynard Ward and Farringdon Within Ward. The ward takes its name from its main street, Bread Street, ſo called of bread in olde time there ſold
(Stow 1603).
Broad Street Ward is west of Bishopsgate Ward. It is named after its principle street, Broad Street.
Cornhill Ward is west of Bishopsgate Ward and south of Broad Street Ward. According to corne Market
once held there.
Note: Cornhill and Cornhill Ward are nearly synonymous in terms of location and nomenclature—thus, it can be a challenge to tell one from the other. Topographical decisions have been made to the best of our knowledge and ability.
St. Dionis Backchurch was located on the southwest side of Lime Street on the border between Langbourn Ward and Billingsgate Ward (Stow 1633, sig. V1r-V1v). The church is dedicated to the patron saint of France, St. Denys or Dionysius, which, as Harben notes, is the only church in the City with this dedication, and suggests the French influence which prevailed in England during the 11th and 12th centuries
(Harben). The church was built in the
Bishopsgate Ward shares its western boundary with the eastern boundaries of Shoreditch and Broad Street Ward and, thus, encompasses area both inside and outside the Wall. The ward and its main street, Bishopsgate Street, are named after Bishopsgate.
London Wall was a long street running along the inside of the northern part of the City Wall. It ran east-west from the north end of Broad Street to Cripplegate (Prockter and Taylor 43). The modern London Wall street is a major traffic thoroughfare now. It follows roughly the route of the former wall, from Old Broad Street to the Museum of London (whose address is 150 London Wall).
Holy Trinity Priory, located west of Aldgate and north of Leadenhall
Street, was an Augustinian Priory. in the parishes of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the holy Trinitie
(Stow).
Before
Aldgate was the easternmost gate into the walled
city. The name Aldgate
is thought to come from one of four sources:
Eastern gate
(Ekwall 36), ale
, public gate
or open to all
, or old gate
(Bebbington
20–21).
Bishopsgate Street ran north from Cornhill Street to the southern end of Shoreditch Street at the city boundary. South of
Cornhill, the road became Gracechurch Street, and the two streets formed a
major north-south artery in the eastern end of the walled city of London, from
London Bridge to Shoreditch. Important sites included: Bethlehem Hospital, a mental hospital, and Bull Inn, a place where plays were performed before
(Weinreb and Hibbert
67).
Standing at London Stone, the site of Oxford House was associated with the temporal governance of the city and the livery from the Oxford House
or Oxford place by London Stone
, after the Earls of Oxford who dwelt there. The site subsequently housed lord mayors
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Encoding has been done using the recommendations for Level 4 of the TEI in Libraries Guidelines. Digital page images are linked to the text file.
Page images are collected here: https://hcmc.uvic.ca/stow/1598/.
Page-image links are provided through the molstow:1633|1
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.
Other editorial and encoding practices are documented in detail in the Praxis section of our website.
Our editorial and encoding practices are documented in detail in the Praxis section of our website.
THe next is Lymeſtreete
warde, and taketh
the name Lymeſtreete, of making
or ſel
ling of Lyme there, (as is ſuppoſed,) the
Eaſt
ſide of this Lymeſtreete, from the
North corner thereof to the middeſt is of
Ealdgate ward, as is
aforeſaide: the weſt
ſide, for the moſt parte from the ſaide North
corner,
ſouthward, is of this Lymeſtreete
warde: the ſouthende on both ſides is of Langborne warde: the
bodie of this Lymeſtreete
warde, is of the high ſtreete called
Cornhill
ſtreete, which ſtretcheth from Limeſtreete on the
ſouth ſide, to the weſt corner of Leaden hall: and on
the North
ſide from the ſouthweſt corner of S. Marie ſtreete, to an other
corner ouer againſt
Leaden hall.
Now for S. Marie
ſtreete, the weſt ſide thereof is of this Lime
ſtreete warde, and alſo the ſtreete which runneth by the North
ende of this S. Marie ſtreete, on both ſides, from thence weſt
to
an houſe called the Wreſtlers (a ſigne ſo
called) almoſt to Bi
ſhopſgate. And theſe are the bounds of this ſmall
warde.
Monuments or places notable in this warde be theſe: In Lyme
ſtreet are diuers fayr houſes, for Marchants & others, there was
ſometime a manſion houſe of the kinges, called the kinges
Artirce
whereof I finde recorde in the 14. of Edwarde the firſt
grown out of knowledge. I reade alſo of an other greate houſe
in the
weſtſide of Lymeſtreete,
hauing a Chappel on the ſouth,
and a garden on the weſt, then belonging to the
Neuell
(which Garden is now called
the Greene yarde of the Leaden hal.
This houſe in
the Richard the ſecond
Simon
Burley
faide houſe was taken downe, and
the forefront thereof new buil
ded of timber by Hugh Offley
ner of Lymeſtreete was of olde time one greate Meſſuage called
Benbriges
Inne,
Hollend
gaue it to
ty of Taylors and Linnen Armorers of S. Iohn Bapti ſt
Next vnto this on the high ſtreete, was the Souches
Meſſuage or Tenement
and other. In place whereof Richarde
VVhethill
high Tower, the ſecond in number, and firſt of timber, that
euer I
learned to haue beene builded to ouerlooke neighboures in
this citie.
This
tormented with Goutes in his ioyntes, of the
hands and legges,
that hee could neither feede himſelfe, nor goe farther then
hee
was led, much leſſe, was hee able to clime, and take the
pleaſure of
the height of his Tower. Then is there an other fayre
houſe, builded by
doth now poſſeſſe it.
Then is there a fayre houſe of olde time called the Greene
gate, by which name one
tenement &
9. ſhops, in the Richard the
ſecond
the 15. of his raigne
Bromeflet
riſh of S, Andrew vpon Cornhill, in Lymeſtreete ward : ſince
the which time
one
of the Shiriffes dwelled therein, and was there rob
bed, and
ſpoiled of his goodes to a greate value, by
Afterwades in the Henry the ſeuenth
Next is a houſe called the Leaden Portch
lately deuided into
two Tenementes, whereof one is a Tauerne, and then one
other
houſe for a Marchante, likewiſe called, the Leaden
Portch: but
now turned to a Cookes houſe, next is a fayre houſe and a
large,
wherein diuers Maioralities haue beene kept, whereof twaine in
my
remembrance : to wit
Huberthorne
The next is Leaden Hall, of which I reade, that in the yere
Hugh Neuill
die Alice
Leaden hall, with the aduowſons of the Church of S. Peter vpon
Cornhill, and other churches, to Richard Earle of Arundel and
Surrey
to Eſſex, confirmed to
Cogſhal
In the yere Humphrey
de Bohun, Earle of Hereforde,
Touching the chappell there, I finde that in the yeare
licence obtayned of Edwarde the
fourth
raigneTrinity60. prieſtes, (beſides o
ther Brethren, and Siſters) in the ſame Chappell was foun
ded by William Rouſe, Iohn
Riſbie, and
Now to ſet downe ſome proofe that the ſaide hall hath beene
imployed and vſed as a Granarie for Corne and
Grayne (as the
ſame was firſt appointed) leauing all former examples, this
one
may ſuffice:
the Henry the eight
There was a carefull commune, when no cart came to towne
with baked bread fro
Stratford: tho gan beggars weep &
worke
men were agaſt, a little this will be thought long
in the date of
our Drirte, in a drie Auerell a thouſand and three hundred,
twiſe
thirtie and tenne &c.
Theſe Bakers of Stratford left ſeruing of
this Citie I know
not vpon what occaſion, about 30. yeares ſince: In the yeare
counſaile, and was by them allowed, concerning the Leaden hall,
how they would haue it vſed, viz.
Méekely beſeeching ſheweth vn
to your good Lordſhip, and
mayſterſhips, diuers cittzens of this
Cittie, which vnder correction thinke,
that the great place called
the Leaden hall,
ſhould nor ought not to be letten to farme, to any
perſon or perſons, and in
eſpeciall to any fellowſhip or companie
incorporate, to haue and hold the ſame
hall for tearme of yeares,
for ſuch inconueniences as therby may enſue, and come
to the hur
of the common weale of the ſaid cittie, in time
to come, as ſome
what more largely may appeare in the
articles following.
Firſt if any aſſemblie, or haſtie gathering of the commons of
the ſaid Cittie
for oppreſſing or ſubduing, of miſruled people with
in the
ſaid Cittie hereafter ſhall happen to be called or commanded
by the Mayor,
Aldermen, and other gouernors and counſellors of
the ſaide cittie for the time
being, there is none ſo conuenient méet
and neceſſarie a place to aſſemble them
in, within the ſaid cittie, as
the ſaid Leaden
hall, both for largenes of roome, and for their ſure
defence in time of
their counſelling together about the premiſes.
Alſo in that place hath béen vſed
the artillerie, Guns, and other ar
mors of the ſaid cittie to
be ſafely kept in a readines for yͤ ſafegard,
wealth, and defence of the ſaid cittie, to bee had and occupyed at
times when
néede required. As alſo the ſtore of timber for the ne
ceſſarie reparations of the tenements belonging to the chamber of
the ſaid
citie,
or nobleneſſe were to
be done or ſhewed by the communalty of the
and for the worſhip of the ſaid cittie, the ſaid Leaden hall is moſt
meete and conuenient place to prepare and order
the ſaid triumph
therein, and from thence to iſſue forth to the places therefore
ap
pointed, Item,
at any largeſſe or dole of any money made vnto
the poore people of this cittie,
it hath beene vſed to be done and gi
uen in the ſaid Leaden Hall, for that the ſaid
place is moſt meete
therefore. Item, the
honorable Father, that was maker of the
For theſe and many other great and reſonable cauſes, which
hereafter ſhalbe
ſhewed to this honourable Court, your ſaid beſée
chers think
it much neceſſary, that the ſaid Hall be ſtil in the hands
of this cittie, and
to be ſurely kept by ſadde and diſcréet officers in
ſuch wiſe, that it may alway
be ready to be vſed and occupyed for
the common weale of the ſaid Citie, when
need ſhal require, and in
no wiſe to bee letten to any bodie politique. Thus
much for the
petition.
About the yeare
Leaden Hall to haue the ſame made a Burſe for the
aſſemblie of
marchants, as they had béene accuſtomed in Lombard ſtréet, ma
ny common counſelles, were
called to that ende, but in the yeare
that the Burſe ſhould remaine in Lombard ſtréete, as
afore: and
The vſe of Leaden Hall in my youth was thus: In a part
of
the North quadrant on the Eaſt ſide of the North gate, was the
common
beames for weighing of wooll, and other wares, as had
béene accuſtomed: on the
weſt ſide the gate was the ſcales to way
meale: the other thrée ſides were
reſerued for the moſt part to the
making and reſting of the pageants ſhewed at
midſommer in the
watch: the remnant of the ſides and quadrantes were
imployed
for the ſtowage of wooll ſackes, but not cloſed vp: the lofts
aboue
were partly vſed by the painters in working for the decking of pa
geants and other deuiſes, for beautifying of the watch and
watch
men, the reſidue of the loftes were letten out to
marchantes, the
wooll winders and packers therein to wind and pack their wools
:
And thus much for Leaden Hall may ſuffice.
Now on the North of Limeſtréete warde in the high
ſtréet, are
diuers faire houſes for marchants, and proper tenements for ar
tificers, with an alley alſo called Shaft Alley, of the ſhaft or May
pole ſometime reſting ouer the gale thereof, as I haue
declared
in Aldegate warde. In the yeare
the pariſh of S.
Andrew, and partly at the charges of the
of London
ſtréete warde,
néere vnto Limeſtréet corner: for the placing of
the
which pumpe, hauing broken vp the ground, they were forced to
digge
more then two fadome déepe before they came to any
maine
ground: where they found a harth made of Britaine (or Romayne)
tyle
as they call it, euery tile halfe yarde ſquare and about two in
ches thicke: they found cole lying there alſo, (for that
lying whole
will neuer conſume) then digging one fadome into the maine
they
found water ſufficient, and ſet vp the pumpe. Thus much for
the high
ſtréete.
In S. Mary
ſtreete had ye of old time pariſh Church
of S. Mary the virgine,
S. Mary
ſtreet, towardes Biſhopſgate ſtreet, there was
of olde time one
large meſſuage builded of ſtone and timber, in the pariſh of S. Auguſtine, in the wall, now in the pariſh of