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                <title>Sernes Tower</title>
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                    <resp ref="#aut">Author</resp>
                    <name ref="#ZABE1">Jamie Zabel</name>
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                <respStmt>
                    <resp ref="#res">Researcher</resp>
                    <name ref="#ZABE1">Jamie Zabel</name>
                </respStmt>
                <respStmt>
                    <resp ref="#prg">Programmer</resp>
                    <name ref="#HOLM3">Martin Holmes</name>
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                    <resp ref="#pdr">Project Director</resp>
                    <name ref="#JENS1">Janelle Jenstad</name>
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                <publisher><title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title></publisher><idno type="URL">http://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/includes.xml</idno><pubPlace>Victoria, BC, Canada</pubPlace><address>
        <addrLine>Department of English</addrLine>
        <addrLine>P.O.Box 3070 STNC CSC</addrLine>
        <addrLine>University of Victoria</addrLine>
        <addrLine>Victoria, BC</addrLine>
        <addrLine>Canada</addrLine>
        <addrLine>V8W 3W1</addrLine>
    </address><date>2016</date><distributor>University of Victoria</distributor><idno type="ISBN">978-1-55058-519-3</idno><authority>
          <name ref="#JENS1">Janelle Jenstad</name>
          <ref target="mailto:london@uvic.ca">london@uvic.ca</ref>
        </authority><availability>
            <p>Copyright held by <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title> on behalf of the contributors.</p>
            <licence target="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">
              <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. </p>
            </licence>
            <p>Further details of licences are available from our
              <ref target="licence.xml">Licences</ref> page. For more
              information, contact the project director, <name ref="#JENS1">Janelle Jenstad</name>, for
              specific information on the availability and licensing of content
              found in files on this site.</p>
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<bibl type="ris"><code>Provider: University of Victoria
Database: The Map of Early Modern London
Content: text/plain; charset="utf-8"

TY  - ELEC
A1  - Zabel, Jamie
ED  - Jenstad, Janelle
T1  - Sernes Tower
T2  - The Map of Early Modern London
ET  - 7.0
PY  - 2022
DA  - 2022/05/05
CY  - Victoria
PB  - University of Victoria
LA  - English
UR  - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/SERN1.htm
UR  - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/SERN1.xml
TY  - UNP
ER  - </code></bibl>
<bibl type="mla"><author><name ref="#ZABE1"><name type="surname">Zabel</name>, <name type="forename">Jamie</name></name></author>. <title level="a">Sernes Tower</title>. <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title>, Edition <edition>7.0</edition>, edited by <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><name type="forename">Janelle</name> <name type="surname">Jenstad</name></name></editor>, <publisher>U of Victoria</publisher>, <date>05 May 2022</date>, <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/SERN1.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/SERN1.htm</ref>. INP.</bibl>
<bibl type="chicago"><author><name ref="#ZABE1"><name type="surname">Zabel</name>, <name type="forename">Jamie</name></name></author>. <title level="a">Sernes Tower</title>. <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title>, Edition <edition>7.0</edition>. Ed. <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><name type="forename">Janelle</name> <name type="surname">Jenstad</name></name></editor>. <pubPlace>Victoria</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of Victoria</publisher>. Accessed <date>May 05, 2022</date>. <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/SERN1.htm">mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/SERN1.htm</ref>. INP.</bibl>
<bibl type="apa"><author><name><name type="surname">Zabel</name>, <name type="forename">J.</name></name></author> <date>2022</date>. <title>Sernes Tower</title>. In <editor><name ref="#JENS1"><name type="forename">J.</name> <name type="surname">Jenstad</name></name></editor> (Ed), <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title> (Edition <edition>7.0</edition>). <pubPlace>Victoria</pubPlace>: <publisher>University of Victoria</publisher>. Retrieved  from <ref target="https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/SERN1.htm">https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/editions/7.0/SERN1.htm</ref>. INP.</bibl>
</listBibl></note><note n="abstract"><p><ref target="SERN1.xml">Sernes Tower</ref> was located in <ref target="#CHEA1">Cheap Ward</ref> on the north side of <ref target="#BUCK1">Bucklersbery</ref> (<ref type="bibl" target="#HARB1">Harben</ref>). The tower changed hands several times. It was built in <date>1305</date> by <name ref="#SERV4">William Servat</name> to serve as his residence (<ref type="bibl" target="#HARB1">Harben</ref>). Sometime between <date>1317</date> and <date>1318</date>, the tower was <q>granted for life</q> to <name ref="#ISAB3">Isabella of France</name> and was most likely owned by <name ref="#PHIL4">Philippa of Hainault</name> by <date>1338</date> (<ref type="bibl" target="#CARL4">Carlin and Belcher</ref>). In <date>1344</date>, <name ref="#EDWA3">Edward III</name> made the tower into the <soCalled>King’s Exchange</soCalled> for gold and silver and, finally, gave it as a gift to <ref target="#STST4">St. Stephen’s, Westminster Palace</ref> in the <date>thirty second year of his reign</date> (<ref type="bibl" target="#CARL4">Carlin and Belcher</ref>; <ref type="bibl" target="#HARB1">Harben</ref>; <ref type="mol:bibl" target="stow_1633_towers.xml#stow_1633_towers_sig_F6v">Stow 1633, sig. F6v</ref>). The tower was destroyed during <name ref="#STOW6">Stow</name>’s lifetime (<ref type="bibl" target="#CARL4">Carlin and Belcher Servat’s Tower</ref>).</p></note><note n="personography"><list type="person"><item xml:id="ZABE1">
      <name type="person">
       <reg>Jamie Zabel</reg>
       <name type="forename">Jamie</name>
       <name type="surname">Zabel</name>
       <abbr>JZ</abbr>
      </name>
      <note><p>Research Assistant, 2020-2021. Managing Encoder, 2020-2021. Jamie Zabel was an MA student at the University of Victoria in the Department of English. She completed her BA in English at the University of British Columbia in 2017. She published a paper in University College London’s graduate publication <title level="j">Moveable Type</title> (2020) and presented at the University of Victoria’s 2021 Digital Humanities Summer Institute. During her time at MoEML, she made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s <title level="m">Survey</title> as proofreader, editor, and encoder, coordinated the encoding of the 1633 edition, and researched and authored a number of encyclopedia articles and geo-coordinates to supplement both editions. She also played a key role in managing the correction process of MoEML’s Gazetteer.</p>
      </note>
     </item><item xml:id="LEBE1">
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       <reg>Kate LeBere</reg>
       <name type="forename">Kate</name>
       <name type="surname">LeBere</name>
       <abbr>KL</abbr>
      </name>
      <note>
       <p>Project Manager, 2020-2021. Assistant Project Manager, 2019-2020. Research Assistant, 2018-2020. Kate LeBere completed her BA (Hons.) in History and English at the University of Victoria in 2020. She published papers in <title level="j">The Corvette</title> (2018), <title level="j">The Albatross</title> (2019), and <title level="j">PLVS VLTRA</title> (2020) and presented at the English Undergraduate Conference (2019), Qualicum History Conference (2020), and the Digital Humanities Summer Institute’s Project Management in the Humanities Conference (2021). While her primary research focus was sixteenth and seventeenth century England, she completed her honours thesis on Soviet ballet during the Russian Cultural Revolution. During her time at MoEML, Kate made significant contributions to the 1598 and 1633 editions of Stow’s <title level="m">Survey of London</title>, old-spelling anthology of mayoral shows, and old-spelling library texts. She authored the MoEML’s first Project Management Manual and <soCalled>quickstart</soCalled> guidelines for new employees and helped standardize the Personography and Bibliography. She is currently a student at the University of British Columbia’s iSchool, working on her masters in library and information science.</p>
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     </item><item xml:id="JENS1">
      <name type="person">
       <reg>Janelle Jenstad</reg>
       <name type="forename">Janelle</name>
       <name type="surname">Jenstad</name>
       <abbr>JJ</abbr>
      </name>
      <note>
       <p>Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director
        of <title level="m">The Map of Early Modern London</title>, and PI of <title level="m">Linked Early Modern Drama Online</title>. She has taught at Queen’s University, the Summer
        Academy at the Stratford Festival, the University of Windsor, and the University of
        Victoria. With Jennifer Roberts-Smith and Mark Kaethler, she co-edited <title level="m">Shakespeare’s Language in Digital Media</title> (<ref target="https://www.routledge.com/Shakespeares-Language-in-Digital-Media-Old-Words-New-Tools/Jenstad-Kaethler-Roberts-Smith/p/book/9781472427977">Routledge</ref>). She has prepared a documentary edition of John Stow’s <title level="m">A
         Survey of London</title> (1598 text) for MoEML and is currently editing <title level="m">The Merchant of Venice</title> (with Stephen Wittek) and Heywood’s <title level="m">2 If
         You Know Not Me You Know Nobody</title> for DRE. Her articles have appeared in <title level="j">Digital Humanities Quarterly</title>, <title level="j">Renaissance and
         Reformation</title>,<title level="j">Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies</title>,
         <title level="j">Early Modern Literary Studies</title>, <title level="j">Elizabethan
         Theatre</title>, <title level="j">Shakespeare Bulletin: A Journal of Performance
         Criticism</title>, and <title level="j">The Silver Society Journal</title>. Her book
        chapters have appeared (or will appear) in <title level="m">Institutional Culture in Early
         Modern Society</title> (Brill, 2004), <title level="m">Shakespeare, Language and the Stage,
         The Fifth Wall: Approaches to Shakespeare from Criticism, Performance and Theatre
         Studies</title> (Arden/Thomson Learning, 2005), <title level="m">Approaches to Teaching
         Othello</title> (Modern Language Association, 2005), <title level="m">Performing Maternity
         in Early Modern England</title> (Ashgate, 2007), <title level="m">New Directions in the
         Geohumanities: Art, Text, and History at the Edge of Place</title> (Routledge, 2011), Early
        Modern Studies and the Digital Turn (Iter, 2016), <title level="m">Teaching Early Modern
         English Literature from the Archives</title> (MLA, 2015), <title level="m">Placing Names:
         Enriching and Integrating Gazetteers</title> (Indiana, 2016), <title level="m">Making
         Things and Drawing Boundaries</title> (Minnesota, 2017), and <title level="m">Rethinking
         Shakespeare’s Source Study: Audiences, Authors, and Digital Technologies</title>
        (Routledge, 2018).</p>
      </note>
     </item><item xml:id="HOLM3">
      <name type="person">
       <reg>Martin D. Holmes</reg>
       <name type="forename">Martin</name>
       <name type="forename">D.</name>
       <name type="surname">Holmes</name>
       <abbr>MDH</abbr>
      </name>
      <note>
       <p>Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC).
        Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database
        implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project
        and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on
        MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.</p>
      </note>
     </item><item xml:id="EDWA3">
      <name type="person">
       <reg>Edward III</reg>
       <name type="forename">Edward</name>
       <name type="personGenName"><num type="roman" value="3">III</num></name>
       <name type="personRoleName">King of England</name>
      </name>
      <date type="birth">1312-11-20</date>
      <date type="death">1377-06-29</date>
      <note>
       <p>King of <ref target="ENGL2.xml">England</ref>
        <date>1327-1377</date>.
        Buried at <ref target="WEST1.xml">Westminster Abbey</ref>.</p>
       <list type="links">
        <item><ref target="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edward-III-king-of-England"><title level="m">EB</title></ref></item>
        <item><ref target="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-8519"><title level="m">ODNB</title></ref></item>
        <item><ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_III_of_England"><title level="m">Wikipedia</title></ref></item>
       </list>
      </note>
     </item><item xml:id="PHIL4">
      <name type="person">
       <reg>Philippa of Hainault</reg>
       <name type="forename">Philippa</name>
       <name type="personRoleName">Queen consort of England</name>
      </name>
      <date type="birth">1310/11-1315/16</date>
      <date type="death">1369/70</date>
      <note>
       <p>Queen consort of <ref target="ENGL2.xml">England</ref>
        <date>1328-1369</date>.
        Wife of <name ref="#EDWA3">Edward III</name>. Financier of <ref target="GREY2.xml">Greyfriars</ref>. Buried at <ref target="WEST1.xml">Westminster Abbey</ref>.</p>
       <list type="links">
        <item><ref target="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Philippa-of-Hainaut"><title level="m">EB</title></ref></item>
        <item><ref target="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-1013036"><title level="m">ODNB</title></ref></item>
        <item><ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippa_of_Hainault"><title level="m">Wikipedia</title></ref></item>
       </list>
      </note>
     </item><item xml:id="STOW6">
      <name type="person">
       <reg>John Stow</reg>
       <name type="forename">John</name>
       <name type="surname">Stow</name>
      </name>
      <date type="birth">1524/25-1525/26</date>
      <date type="death">1605/06</date>
      <note>
       <p>Historian and author of <title level="m">A Survey of London</title>. Husband of <name ref="PERS1.xml#STOW23">Elizabeth Stow</name>.</p>
       <list type="links">
        <item><ref target="STOW3.xml">MoEML</ref></item>
        <item><ref target="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-26611"><title level="m">ODNB</title></ref></item>
        <item><ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stow"><title level="m">Wikipedia</title></ref></item>
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     </item><item xml:id="ISAB3">
      <name type="person">
       <reg>Isabella of France</reg>
       <name type="forename">Isabella</name>
      </name>
      <date type="birth">1295/96</date>
      <date type="death">1358/59</date>
      <note>
       <p>Wife of <name ref="PERS1.xml#EDWA5">Edward II</name>. Deposed and killed the king before
        governing the country. Financier of <ref target="GREY2.xml">Greyfriars</ref>. Buried at <ref target="CHRI1.xml">Christ Church</ref>.</p>
       <list type="links">
        <item><ref target="https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-14484"><title level="m">ODNB</title></ref>
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        <item><ref target="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_of_France"><title level="m">Wikipedia</title></ref>
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      </note>
     </item><item xml:id="SERV4"> 
      <name type="person">
       <reg>William Servat</reg>
       <name type="forename">William</name>
       <name type="surname">Servat</name>
      </name>
      <note>
       <p>Alderman. Builder and owner of <ref target="SERN1.xml">Sernes Tower</ref>.</p>
      </note>
     </item></list></note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><bibl>Born digital.</bibl>
<listBibl>
<bibl xml:id="CARL4" type="sec">
            <author>Carlin, Martha</author>, and <author>Victor Belcher</author>. <title level="a">Gazetteer to the c.1270 and c.1520 Maps with Historical Notes</title>. <title level="m">The British Atlas of Historic Towns</title>. Vol. 3. <title level="m">The
              City of London From Prehistoric Times to c.1520</title>. Ed. <editor>Mary D.
              Lobel</editor> and <editor>W.H. Johns</editor>. Oxford: Oxford UP in conjunction with
            The Historic Towns Trust, <date>1989</date>. Print. [Also available online
            at British Historic Towns Atlas. <ref target="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308051352/http://www.historictownsatlas.org.uk/sites/historictownsatlas/files/atlas/town/london_gazetteer_part_1.pdf">Gazetteer part 1</ref>. <ref target="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308051352/http://www.historictownsatlas.org.uk/sites/historictownsatlas/files/atlas/town/london_gazetteer_part_2.pdf">Gazetteer part 2</ref>. <ref target="https://web.archive.org/web/20220308051352/http://www.historictownsatlas.org.uk/sites/historictownsatlas/files/atlas/town/london_gazetteer_part_3.pdf">Gazetteer part 3</ref>.] </bibl>
<bibl xml:id="HARB1" type="sec">
            <author>Harben, Henry A.</author>
            <title level="m">A Dictionary of London</title>. London: Herbert Jenkins, <date>1918</date>. [Available digitally from <title level="m">British History Online</title>: <ref target="https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london">https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dictionary-of-london</ref>.]</bibl>
<bibl xml:id="HIST2" type="cart" subtype="scholRecon">
            <author>Historical Towns Trust</author>. <title level="m">A Map of Tudor London,
              1520</title>. Oxford: Oxford UP in conjunction with The Historic Towns Trust, <date>1989</date>. Print. [<ref target="MAPS1.xml#MAPS1_HIST2">See more information</ref> about this map.]</bibl>
</listBibl>

<list type="place">
<item xml:id="CHEA1">
<name type="place">Cheap Ward</name>
<note>
<p><ref target="#CHEA1">Cheap Ward</ref> is west of <ref target="BASI1.xml">Bassinghall Ward</ref> and <ref target="COLE2.xml">Coleman Street Ward</ref>. Both the ward and its main street, <ref target="CHEA2.xml">Cheapside</ref>, are named after <ref target="CHEA5.xml">West Cheap</ref> (the market).</p>
<lb/>(<ref target="CHEA1.xml">CHEA1.xml</ref>)
</note>
</item>

<item xml:id="BUCK1">
<name type="place">Bucklersbury</name>
<note>
Information is not yet available.
<lb/>(<ref target="BUCK1.xml">BUCK1.xml</ref>)
</note>
</item>

<item xml:id="STST4">
<name type="place">St. Stephen’s (Westminster Palace)</name>
<note>
<p><!-- Add your abstract here. --></p>
<lb/>(<ref target="STST4.xml">STST4.xml</ref>)
</note>
</item>
</list>
<list type="event"><item xml:id="r_EDWA3_32"><desc>
                     <label>The thirty-second year of <name ref="#EDWA3">Edward III</name>’s reign.</label>
                     <date>25 January 1357/58-24 January 1358/59</date>
                     <date>25 January 1358/59-24 January 1359/60</date>
                     <date>25 January 1358/59-24 January 1359/60</date>
                     <date>25 January 1358/59-24 January 1359/60</date>
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        printed text. This term may also be used when more than one person or body bears such
        responsibility. </gloss>
       <gloss type="mol">MoEML uses the term <mentioned>author</mentioned> to designate a
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        <revisionDesc status="stub">
            <change who="#LEBE1" when="2021-06-03" status="stub">Changed status to stub.</change>
            <change who="#ZABE1" when="2021-05-23">Added Agas coordinates.</change>
            <change who="#ZABE1" when="2021-05-20">Created location file. Added abstract/content.</change>
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        <front>
            <docTitle>
                <titlePart type="main">Sernes Tower</titlePart>
            </docTitle>
        </front>
        <body>
            <div type="placeInfo" xml:id="SERN1_placeInfo">
                <head>Sernes Tower</head>
                <list type="place">
                    <item>
                        <name type="place">Sernes Tower</name>
                        <p>

            Location:
            
                            <code lang="gis">
                                <!--Geo-coordinates will be added when available.-->
                            </code>
                        </p>
                    </item>
                </list>
            </div>
            <div>
                <p><ref target="SERN1.xml">Sernes Tower</ref> was located in <ref target="#CHEA1">Cheap Ward</ref> on the north side of <ref target="#BUCK1">Bucklersbery</ref> (<ref type="bibl" target="#HARB1">Harben</ref>). The tower changed hands several times. It was built in <date>1305</date> by <name ref="#SERV4">William Servat</name> to serve as his residence (<ref type="bibl" target="#HARB1">Harben</ref>). Sometime between <date>1317</date> and <date>1318</date>, the tower was <q>granted for life</q> to <name ref="#ISAB3">Isabella of France</name> and was most likely owned by <name ref="#PHIL4">Philippa of Hainault</name> by <date>1338</date> (<ref type="bibl" target="#CARL4">Carlin and Belcher</ref>). In <date>1344</date>, <name ref="#EDWA3">Edward III</name> made the tower into the <soCalled>King’s Exchange</soCalled> for gold and silver and, finally, gave it as a gift to <ref target="#STST4">St. Stephen’s, Westminster Palace</ref> in the <date>thirty second year of his reign</date> (<ref type="bibl" target="#CARL4">Carlin and Belcher</ref>; <ref type="bibl" target="#HARB1">Harben</ref>; <ref type="mol:bibl" target="stow_1633_towers.xml#stow_1633_towers_sig_F6v">Stow 1633, sig. F6v</ref>). The tower was destroyed during <name ref="#STOW6">Stow</name>’s lifetime (<ref type="bibl" target="#CARL4">Carlin and Belcher Servat’s Tower</ref>).</p>
                <p><ref target="SERN1.xml">Sernes Tower</ref> is labelled <soCalled><ref target="SERN1.xml">Servat’s Tower</ref></soCalled> on the <date>1520</date> map (<ref type="bibl" target="#HIST2"><title level="m">A Map of Tudor London, 1520</title></ref>). Our Agas coordinates are based on the location of the tower as stated on the <date>1520</date> map.</p>
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