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Database: The Map of Early Modern London
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TY - ELEC
A1 - Campbell, James
A1 - Jenstad, Janelle
ED - Jenstad, Janelle
T1 - Cheapside Street
T2 - The Map of Early Modern London
ET - 7.0
PY - 2022
DA - 2022/05/05
CY - Victoria
PB - University of Victoria
LA - English
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/CHEA2.htm
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/7.0/xml/standalone/CHEA2.xml
ER -
Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many
Research Assistant, 2020-2021. Managing Encoder, 2020-2021. Jamie Zabel was an MA student at the University of Victoria in the Department of English. She completed her BA in English at the University of British Columbia in 2017. She published a paper in University College London’s graduate publication
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Janelle Jenstad is Associate Professor of English at the University of Victoria, Director of
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC) who maintained the
Programmer at the University of Victoria Humanities Computing and Media Centre (HCMC). Martin ported the MOL project from its original PHP incarnation to a pure eXist database implementation in the fall of 2011. Since then, he has been lead programmer on the project and has also been responsible for maintaining the project schemas. He was a co-applicant on MoEML’s 2012 SSHRC Insight Grant.
King of Wessex
Author.
Playwright, poet, and author.
King of England
Queen of consort England
King of Scotland
Bishop of London
Playwright.
Educator and author.
Historian and author of
The
The City Cannot Hold You: Social Conversion in the Goldsmith’s Shop
The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (
The Great Conduit in Westcheap, which began construction in in triumphall manner
(Stow 1633, sig. C1r).
Old Jewry ran north-south between Lothbury and Poultry and was located in Cheap Ward and Coleman Street Ward. The street was named for being one of the places where Jews inhabited in London before
The Little Conduit (Cheapside), also known as the Pissing Conduit, stood at the western end of Cheapside Street outside the north corner of Paul’s Churchyard. On the Agas map, one can see two water cans on the ground just to the right of the conduit.
Surrounding St. Paul’s Cathedral, St. Paul’s Churchyard has had a multi-faceted history in use and function, being the location of burial, crime, public gathering, and celebration. Before its destruction during the civil war, St. Paul’s Cross was located in the middle of the churchyard, providing a place for preaching and the delivery of Papal edicts (Thornbury).
In the middle ages, Westcheap was the main market west of Walbrook, so called to distinguish it from Eastcheap, the market
in the east. By
Cheap Ward is west of Bassinghall Ward and Coleman Street Ward. Both the ward and its main street, Cheapside, are named after West Cheap (the market).
Eastcheap Street ran east-west, from
Tower Street to St. Martin’s Lane. West of New Fish Street/Gracechurch Street, Eastcheap was known as Great Eastcheap
. The portion of the street to the
east of New Fish Street/Gracechurch Street was known as Little Eastcheap
. Eastcheap (Eschepe or Excheapp) was the site of a medieval food market.
St. Paul’s Cathedral was—and remains—an important church in London. In
Aldgate was the easternmost gate into the walled
city. The name Aldgate
is thought to come from one of four sources:
Eastern gate
(Ekwall 36), ale
, public gate
or open to all
, or old gate
(Bebbington
20–21).
Located in Farringdon Within Ward, Ludgate was a gate built by the Romans (Carlin and Belcher 80). for his owne honor
(Stow 1:1).
The gaol at Newgate, a western gate in the Roman Wall of London, was constructed in the twelfth century specifically to detain fellons and trespassors
awaiting trial by royal judges (Durston 470; O’Donnell 25; Stow 1598, sig. C8r). The gradual centralisation of the English criminal justice system meant that by the
Bread Street ran north-south from the Standard (Cheapside) to Knightrider Street, crossing Watling Street. It lay wholly in the ward of Bread Street, to which it gave its name.
Wood Street ran north-south, connecting at its southernmost end with Cheapside Street and continuing northward to Little Wood Street, which led directly into Cripplegate. It crossed over Huggin Lane, Lad Lane, Maiden Lane (Wood Street), Love Lane, Addle Lane, and Silver Street, and ran parallel to Milk Street in the east and Gutter Lane in the west. Wood Street lay within Cripplegate Ward. It is labelled as Wood Streat
on the Agas map and is drawn in the correct position.
Milk Street, located in Cripplegate Ward, began on the north side of Cheapside Street, and ran north to a square formed at the intersection of Milk Street, Cat Street (Lothbury), Lad Lane, and Aldermanbury.
Cornhill was a significant thoroughfare and was part of the cityʼs main major east-west thoroughfare that divided the northern half of London from the southern half. The part of this thoroughfare named Cornhill extended from St. Andrew Undershaft to the three-way intersection of Threadneedle, Poultry, and Cornhill where the Royal Exchange was built. The name Cornhill
preserves a memory both of the cornmarket that took place in this street, and of the topography of the site upon
which the Roman city of Londinium was built.
Note: Cornhill and Cornhill Ward are nearly synonymous in terms of location and nomenclature - thus, it can be a challenge to tell one from the other. Topographical decisions have been made to the best of our knowledge and ability.
According to the Virtual Pauls’ Cross Project, St. Paul’s Gate (northern) was located at the intersection of Paternoster Row and Cheapside Street and gave access to St Paul’s Churchyard from the northeast (VPCP). Carlin and Belcher’s 1270 map simply labels the gate as
The parish church of St. Michael, Cornhill is located on the southern side of Cornhill Ward between Birchin Lane and Gracechurch Street. St. Michael, Cornhill was the parish church of the church has a long musical tradition, and is famous for its excellent acoustics
(Weinreb 799-800).
Cheapside Cross (Eleanor Cross), pictured but not labelled on the
Agas map, stood on Cheapside Street between Friday Street and Wood
Street. St. Peter, Westcheap lay to its
west, on the north side of Cheapside Street. The
prestigious shops of
Friday Street passed south through Bread Street Ward, beginning at the cross in Cheapside Street and ending at Old Fish Street. It was one of many streets that ran into Cheapside Street market whose name is believed to originate from the goods that were sold there.
Goldsmiths’ Row was a section on the south side of Cheapside Street, by Cheapside Cross. Goldsmiths’ Row and the shops and homes of other wealthy merchants made the street an elite and attractive one.
The hall of the
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Location:
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Cheapside Street, one of the most important streets in early modern London, ran east-west between the Great Conduit at the foot of Old Jewry to the Little Conduit by St. Paul’s churchyard. The terminus of all the northbound streets from the river, the broad expanse of Cheapside Street separated the northern wards from the southern wards. It was lined with buildings three, four, and even five stories tall, whose shopfronts were open to the light and set out with attractive displays of luxury commodities (Weinreb and Hibbert 148). Cheapside Street was the centre of London’s wealth, with many
Both the street and Cheap Ward through which it ran were named for the market located there. Cheapside Street or West Cheap was the site of a great medieval food market. West Cheap and East Cheap were the two principal market areas of London, both created during chepe
, which has also been spelled cepe
and cheop
, and which means a market, or bargaining place (
The importance of Cheapside Street increased greatly after All manner of victuals that are sold by persons in Chepe, upon Cornhulle, and elsewhere in the City, such as bread, cheese, poultry, fruit, hides and skins, onions and garlic, and all other small victuals, for sale as well by denizens as by strangers, shall stand midway between the kennels [gutters] of the streets, so as to be a nuisance to no one under pain of forfeiture of the article.
Bebbington 82
By
Also on Cheapside Street was Cheapside Cross, three stories tall, erected by decree of
The most sacred segment of the coronation processional route was along Cheapside Street. It was here that the most expensive and elaborate pageants took place, as can be seen in
The part of Cheapside known as becoming one of the City of London’s most prestigious shopping destinations
, according to the Cheapside Initiative project.
Eventually,
The infrastructure on Cheapside Street was destroyed in the Great Fire of