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TY - ELEC
A1 - Stow, John
A1 - fitz-Stephen, William
ED - Jenstad, Janelle
T1 - Survey of London (1598): Portsoken Ward
T2 - The Map of Early Modern London
ET - 6.6
PY - 2021
DA - 2021/06/30
CY - Victoria
PB - University of Victoria
LA - English
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/stow_1598_PORT1.htm
UR - https://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/edition/6.6/xml/standalone/stow_1598_PORT1.xml
ER -
Portsoken Ward chapter of
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Queen consort of England
First Baron Audley of Walden. Lord Chancellor of England
Bishop of London
Sheriff of Warwick. Brother of
Brother of
King of England
Clerk.
Erected a storehouse at the site of Abbey of St. Mary
Graces. Husband of
Vicar of St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate.
King of England
King of England
King of England
King of England and Ireland
King of England
Queen of consort England
King of the English
Biographer and clerk.
Husband of
King of England and Ireland
King of England
Bishop of Ely
Queen consort of England
Bishop of London
Queen consort of England
Homeowner and priest.
Abbess of the Abbey of St. Clare.
King of England
Historian and author of
Homeowner and tanner.
Sheriff of London. Portgrave of London during the
King of England
King of England
Printer.
Bookseller and printer.
Provost during the
Constable of the Tower of London.
Member of the
Member of the
Prior of Dunstable.
First Baron Bourchier. Lord Chancellor of England.
Member of the
Knight of the Garter. Executed and buried at St. Botolph, Aldgate.
Gardener.
Sheriff of London
Denizen of London.
First Earl of Lancaster and First Earl of Leicester. Son of
Baron Darcy of Darcy. Soldier and rebel. Father of
Member of the
Benefactor. Son of
Father of
Member of the
Farmer. Father of
Member of the
Member of the
Master of the
Uncle of
First Duke of Exeter and First Earl of Huntington. Son of
Prior of Sunderland.
Magistrate of London. Provost of London during the
Countess of Boulogne
Prior of Holy Trinity Priory.
Husband of
Wife of
Member of the
Constable of the Tower of London. Possibly the same person
as
Royal gun founder for
Royal gun founder for
Sheriff of London
Member of the
Member of the
Sheriff of London. Nephew of
Provost of London during the
Bishop of London
Esquire. Buried at St. Katherine’s Hospital.
Farmer.
Member of the
Member of the
Master of St. Katherine’s Hospital. Buried at St. Katherine’s Hospital.
Member of the
First Earl of Essex. Portgrave of London during the
Confessor of
The
The
The
. Website.
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predecessor at the University of Windsor between
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The
Portsoken Ward is east of Tower Street Ward and Aldgate Ward and is located outside the Wall. This ward was once called Knighten Guild, so named because the land which it encompasses was originally given to thirteen knights or soldiers who were the first members of the
the district outside a city or borough, over which its jurisdiction extends(
Aldgate was the easternmost gate into the walled
city. The name Aldgate
is thought to come from one of four sources:
Eastern gate
(Ekwall 36), ale
, public gate
or open to all
, or old gate
(Bebbington
20–21).
East Smithfield is a district located east of the
City of London and northeast of the Tower of
London. Its name derives from
smoothfield
, with the prefix east
helping
to differentiate it from the Smithfield northwest
of Cripplegate (Harben). As time progressed, it transformed from
what plot of ground
with very few houses into
a densely populated area by the mid-seventeenth century (Stow; Harben).
Dodding Pond may have been a lane somewhere east of the Tower of London and near the Abbey of St. Mary Graces (Harben).
St. Katherine’s Hospital was a religious hospital
founded in was not much inferior to
that of [St.] Paules [Cathedral]
(Stow).
The Tower Ditch, or Tower
Moat, was part of the Tower of London’s
medieval defences. It was built by the Bishop of Ely
Holy Trinity Priory, located west of Aldgate and north of Leadenhall
Street, was an Augustinian Priory. in the parishes of Saint Marie Magdalen, S. Michael, S. Katherine, and the blessed Trinitie, which now was made but one Parish of the holy Trinitie
(Stow).
Before
The city of London, not to be confused with the allegorical character (
Originally built as a Roman fortification for the provincial city of Londinium in the second century C.E., the London Wall remained a material and spatial boundary for the city throughout the early modern period. Described by high and great
(Stow 1:8), the London Wall dominated the cityscape and spatial imaginations of Londoners for centuries. Increasingly, the eighteen-foot high wall created a pressurized constraint on the growing city; the various gates functioned as relief valves where development spilled out to occupy spaces
St. Botolph, Aldgate was a parish church near Aldgate at the junction of Aldgate Street and Houndsditch. It was
located in Portsoken Ward on the north side of
Aldgate Street. Church hath beene lately new builded at the speciall charges of the
Priors of the holy Trinitie
before
the Priory was dissolved in
St. Paul’s Cathedral was—and remains—an important church in London. In
The Abbey of St. Mary Graces is a chapel built in around
Tower Hill was a large area of open ground north and
west of the Tower of London. It is most famous as a place of execution;
there was a permanent scaffold and gallows on the hill for the execution of
such Traytors or Transgressors, as are deliuered out of the Tower, or otherwise to the Shiriffes of
London
(Stow).
A component of London’s pestilential past, Holy Trinity Churchyard in East Smithfield was a graveyard for victims of London’s first great plague. The churchyard was east of Little Tower Hill, south of Hog Lane (East Smithfield) and north of St. Katherine’s Hospital. As the number of plague victims increased, these graveyards ran out of space and Holy Trinity Priory was used to ensure that the dead were buried in holy ground.
Hog Lane ran east-west into the north-east corner
of Little Tower Hill. It should not be confused
with the Hog Lane north of Houndsditch. Hog
Lane, also called Hog Street in
Founded in
The Aldgate Bars were posts that marked the eastern
limits of the City of London. They were located at the western end of Whitechapel and the eastern end of Aldgate Street.
St. Mary Spital was an Augustinian Priory and
Hospital on the east side of Bishopsgate Street.
The Priory dates from 1197. The old precinct of St.
Mary Spital is visible on the Agas map. The church itself was
demolished after the Dissolution of the Monasteries in
Running southeast from Bishopsgate Street to Aldgate Street outside the city wall,
Houndsditch Street passed through Bishopsgate Ward and Portsoken Ward.
It was first paved in (within the limits of Hounds-ditch)
dwell many a good and honest Citizen
(Stow 1633, sig. M1v).
Whitechapel was a street running east-west to the
Aldgate Bars from the east. fully
replenished with buildings outward, & also pestered with diuerse Allyes,
on eyther side
(Stow).
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SEing that of
euery of theſe Wardes: I haue
to ſay ſomewhat: I wil beginne with Port
ſoken warde, without Ealdgate.
This Portſoken, which
ſoundeth as
much as the Franchiſe at the gate, was
ſometime a Guilde, and had this
beginning,
as I haue reade. In the Edgar
more then
600. yeres ſince, there were thirteene
Knights (or ſol
diers) welbeloued to the king and realme (for
ſeruice by them done)
which requeſted to haue a certain portion of land on the
Eaſt part
of the Citie, left deſolate, and forſaken, by the inhabitants, by
rea
ſon of too much ſeruitude. They beſought the king to
haue this
land, with the Libertie of a Guilde for euer: the king granted to
their requeſt with conditions following: that is, that each of them
ſhould
victoriouſly accompliſh thrée combates, one aboue the
ground, one vnder ground,
and the thirde in the water, and after
this at a certaine day in Eaſt Smithfield,
they ſhould run with
ſpeares againſt all commers, all which was gloriouſly
performed:
and the ſame day the king named it knighten Guilde, and ſo boun
ded
it, from Ealdgate to the
place where the bars now are toward
the Eaſt, on both the ſides of the ſtreete,
and extended it towardes
the North, and the gate now ſince called Biſhopſgate, vnto the
and then of the heires of
ſince of the Bourchier
vnto the Riuer of
Thames, and ſo far into the water, as a horſe
man
entering the ſame may ryde at a low water, and throw his
ſpeare: ſo that all
Eaſt Smithfielde, with the right part of the
ſtreete that goeth to
Dodding Pond into the Thames, and alſo
the Hoſpitall of S. Katherins, with the Mils, that
were founded
in Stephens
ditch of the Tower are of the ſaide Fee and Libertie:
for the ſaide
wall and ditch of the Tower, were made in the time of king Richarde, when he
was in the holy Land, by
Now of the parts therein, this is ſpecially to be noted. Firſt
the Eaſt part of
the Tower ſtandeth there, then an Hoſpitall of
S. Katherines founded by
Stephen
in London on whoſe ground ſhee founded it.
wife
to Edward the
firſt
three Brethren Chaplens, and
three Siſtars. ten poore woemen,
and ſix poore Clarkes, PhilipEdwarde
the
third
x £. land
by yeare, it was of late time called a free chappell, a col
late yeares was not much inferior to that of Paules, was diſſolued
by Wilſon
this
houſe was valued at 315. £. 14. s̃. ij. pence, being now of late
yeres incloſed about (or peſtered with
ſmall tenements, and home
ly cottages, hauing inhabitants,
Engliſh and ſtrangers, more in
number then ſome Cittie in England. There lye buried in this
Church the
Counteſſe of Huntington, Counteſſe of the March,
in her time Exceſter and Earle
of Huntington
quire,
Eſquire by him
On the Eaſt and by North of the Tower, lieth Eaſtſmithfield
and
Tower hill, two plots of ground ſo called, without
the wall
of the Citie, and Eaſt from them both was
ſometime a monaſte
rie called new
Abbey, founded by Edward the third
yeare
In the yeare 23. of Edward the third
peſtilence in his time beganne, and increaſed ſo ſore, that for
want
of roome in Churchyardes to burie the dead of the citie, and of
the
ſuburbes, one
of the holy Trinitie within Ealdegate, one
Toft of ground néere
vnto Eaſtſmithfield, for yͤ burial of them that died, with condition
that it might be called the Church yard of the holy
Trinity, which
ground he cauſed by the aide of diuers deuout citizen to
bee incloſed
with a wall of ſtone.
gaue fiue pound thereunto: and the
ſame was dedicated by
Stratford
dead were afterwards buried,
& a chappell built in the ſame place,
to yͤ
honor of God: to the which, Edward
before in a tempeſt on the ſea and perill of drowning made a vowe
to build a
monaſtery to the honour of God, and our Lady of grace,
if God would graunt him
grace, to come ſafe to land) builded there
a monaſterie, placing an Abbot, and
monkes of the Ciſtercian (or
white) order. The boundes of this plot of grounde
together with
a decrée for Tythes thereof, are expreſſed in the Charter, the
effect
late generall ſuppreſſion was valued at 546. £. x. ď. yearely, it was
ſurrendered in the yeare 30. of Henry the eight
the which time, the ſaid
monaſtery being cleane pulled downe, by
Arthur Darcy
of is builded a
large Store houſe for victuailes, and conuenient O
uens are
builded there, for baking of biſket to ſerue her Maieſties
ſhippes. The groundes
adioyning belonging to the ſaide Abbey
are imployed in building of ſmall
tenementes: for Tower hill, as
the ſame is greatly
diminiſhed by building of tenements & garden
plottes, &c. So it is of late.
to wit in the yeare of Chriſt
the North ſide thereof, and at the Weſt end of Hogſtréete, beauti
fyed by
certaine fayre Almes houſes, there ſtrongly builded of
Bricke and timber &
couered with ſlate for the poore, by the
chant Taylors
to them by
certaine timber for that vſe, being alſo giuen by
cliffe14.
charitable brethren of the ſaid
placed 14. poore ſole women, which receiue each of
them of their
founder ſixtéene pence (or better) wéekely, beſides viii. £. xv s̃.
yearely, paide out of the common
Treaſurie of the ſame corpora
tion, for fewell.
Frō yͤ weſt part of this Tower hil, towards Ealdegate being a
long continual ſtréet, amongſt other ſmaller buildings in that row
there was
ſometimes an Abbey of Nunnes of the order of Saynt
Clare, called the Minories, founded by Lancaſter,
In place of this houſe of Nunnes, is now builded diuers faire
and large ſtore
houſes, for armour, and habiliments of war, with
diuers worke houſes ſeruing to the ſame purpoſe:
there is a ſmall
Néere adioyning vnto this Abbey on the South ſide thereof,
was ſometime a Farme,
belonging to the ſaid Nunnerie, at the
which I my ſelfe in my youth haue fetched
many a halfe pennie
worth of milke, and neuer had leſſe then thrée Ale pints for
a half
penie in yͤ ſommer,
nor leſſe then one Ale quart for a halfpennie in
the winter, alwaies hot from
the cow, as the ſame was milked
and ſtrained. One
the
Farmers there, and had 30. or 40. kine to the payle. Good ſonne being heyre thereof, let out the ground firſt for
gra
From Ealdegate Eaſt, lyeth a large ſtréete, and high
way,
ſometime repleniſhed with few, but fayre and cleanly buildinges:
on
the North ſide whereof the firſt building was the pariſh
church
of Saint Buttolph, in a
large cemitorie, or church yarde. This
church hath beene lately new builded at
the ſpeciall charges of the
Priors of the holy
Trinitie, patrons thereof, as it appeareth by
the Armes of that houſe
engrauen on the ſtone worke. The pa
riſhioners of this pariſh
being of late yeares mightily increaſed,
the church is peſtered with lofts &
ſeates for them. Monuments in
this Church there are few:
wife
were buried thereabout
one of the Sheriffes Darcy of the North,
This Hogge lane ſtretcheth North to Saint Mary
Spittle,
without Biſhopſgate, and
within theſe fortie foure yeares laſt, had
on both ſides fayre hedgerowes of
Ealme trées, with bridges and
eaſie ſtyles to paſſe ouer into the pleaſant
fieldes, very commodi
ous for citizens therein to walke,
ſhoote, and otherwiſe to recre
ate and refreſh their dulled
ſpirites in the ſwéete and wholeſome
ayre, which is now within few yeares made a
continual building
throughout, of garden houſes, and ſmall cottages: & the
fields on ei
ther ſides be turned into garden plottes,
teynter yardes, bowling
Alleyes, and ſuch like, from Hounds ditch in the Weſt, ſo farre
as White chappel, and further in
the Eaſt. The South ſide of the
high way from Ealdegate had ſome few tenements thinly ſcatte
red
here and there, with much voyde ſpace betweene them, vp to
the ſaid Barre, but
now that ſtréete is not onely fully repleniſhed
with buildings, outwarde, and
alſo peſtered with diuers Allies,
on eyther ſide to the Barres, but alſo euen to White
chappell,and
beyond.
From Aldegate Northweſt to Biſhopſgate, lyeth the ditch of
the citie in that part called
Hounds ditch, for that in old time when
the
ſame lay open much filth (conueyed forth of the citie) eſpecial
ly dead dogges was there laid or caſt: wherefore of latter
time a
mudde wall was made incloſing the ditch, to kéepe out the laying
of
ſuch filth as had beene accuſtomed. Ouer againſt this mudde
wall on the other
ſide of the ſtréete, was a fayre fielde, ſometime
belonging to the Priory of the Trinitie, and ſince by Thomas Audley
Theſe occupied a good part of yͤ ſtréet on the field
ſide, and in ſhort
time diuers other alſo builded there, ſo that the poore
bedred people
were worne out, and in place of their homely cottages, ſuch
houſes
builded, as do rather want roome, then rent. The reſidue of the
field
was for the moſt part made into a garden, by a Gardener, named
and in the Edward the ſixt
celled into gardens, wherein are now many fayre
houſes of plea
ſure buildéd. On the ditch ſide of this
ſtreete, the mudde wall is
alſo by little and little all taken downe, the banke
of the ditch be
ing rayſed made leuel ground, and turned into
garden plottes, and
Carpenters yardes, and many large houſes are there builded,
by
which meanes the ditch is filled vp, and both the ditch and wall ſo
hidden that they cannot be ſeene of the paſſers by. This Portſoken
warde hath an Alderman and his deputie, common coun